Epson

Seiko Epson Corporation

File:Seiko Epson headquarters north 1.jpg

Epson's corporate headquarters in Suwa, Nagano

Trade name

| Epson

Native name

| セイコーエプソン株式会社

Romanized name

| Seikō Epuson Kabushiki-gaisha
Type| Public

Traded as

| TYO: 6724
Industry| Electronics
Founded| May 18, 1942; 84 years ago (1942-05-18) (as Daiwa Kogyo, Ltd.)
Founder| Hisao Yamazaki
Headquarters| Owa,

Suwa, Nagano City, Nagano Prefecture[1]

Japan
(Officially registered in Shinjuku, Tokyo)

Area served

| Worldwide

Key people

| Minoru Usui (jp) (chairman & Director)
Yasunori Ogawa (jp) (president, CEO & Representative Director)
Products|

* Printers
* personal computers
* robots
* projectors
* watches
* smartglasses
* semiconductors

Revenue|  ¥1,362.9 billion (FY2024[2])
[3]

Net income

| ¥ 52 billion (2024) (FY2024[4])
[3]

Number of employees

| 75,352 (as of 31 March 2025)[5]
Divisions| Orient Watch
Website| corporate.epson
JR Shinjuku Miraina Tower, which houses the Tokyo office (registered office) of Seiko Epson and the headquarters of Epson Sales Japan on the 29th-32nd levels, located adjunct to the JR East Shinjuku Station in Shinjuku and Shibuya wards, Tokyo Epson America headquarters in Los Alamitos, California

Seiko Epson Corporation, commonly known as Epson,[6] is a Japanese multinational corporation headquartered in Suwa, Nagano, Japan and one of the world's largest manufacturers of printers and information- and imaging-related equipment.[7] Its products include inkjet, dot matrix, thermal and laser printers for consumer, business and industrial use, scanners, laptop and desktop computers, video projectors, watches, smartglasses, industrial robots and automation equipment, amorphous alloy powders, MIM parts, semiconductors, crystal oscillators, sensing devices and other associated electronic components.

The company has developed as one of the manufacturing companies (formerly known as Seikosha) of the Seiko Group, a name traditionally known for manufacturing Seiko timepieces. Seiko Epson develops and manufactures certain models of quartz and Spring Drive wristwatches for the Seiko Watch, but is neither a subsidiary nor an affiliate of Seiko Group Corporation.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 1.1 Origins
* 1.2 Printers
* 1.3 Computers
* 1.4 21st century
* 2 ESC/P
* 3 Robots
* 4 Ink cartridge controversies
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 7 External links

## History

First quartz wristwatch movement, the Caliber 35A developed by Suwa Seikosha in 1969 and used in the Seiko Astron

### Origins

The roots of Seiko Epson Corporation go back to a company called Daiwa Kogyo, Ltd. which was founded in May 1942[8] by Hisao Yamazaki, a local clock shop owner and former employee of K. Hattori, in Suwa, Nagano.[9] Daiwa Kogyo was supported by an investment from the Hattori family (founder of the Seiko Group) and began as a manufacturer of watch parts for Daini Seikosha (currently Seiko Instruments). The company started operation in a 230-square-metre (2,500 sq ft) renovated miso storehouse with 22 employees.[10]

In 1943, Daini Seikosha established a factory in Suwa for manufacturing Seiko watches with Daiwa Kogyo. In 1959, the Suwa Factory was split up and merged into Daiwa Kogyo to form Suwa Seikosha Co., Ltd: the forerunner of the Seiko Epson Corporation.[11] The company has developed many timepiece technologies, such as the "Magic Lever" bi-directional winding system in 1959,[12][13] the world's first portable quartz timer (Seiko QC-951[14]) in 1963, the world's first commercial quartz watch (Seiko Quartz Astron 35SQ) in 1969,[15] the first automatic power-generating quartz watch (Seiko Auto-Quartz) in 1988,[16][17] and the Spring Drive watch movement in 1999.[18]

The watch business is the root of the company's ultra-precision machining and micromechatronics technologies and still a major business for Seiko Epson, although it accounts for a low percentage of total revenues.[19][20] Watches made by the company are sold through the Seiko Watch Corporation, a subsidiary of Seiko Group. The watch brand Orient Watch, and its sub-brand Orient Star, has been owned by Epson since 2009 and was fully integrated into the company in 2017.[21]

### Printers

Epson LQ 850 dot matrix printer

In 1961, Suwa Seikosha established a company called Shinshu Seiki Co. as a subsidiary to supply precision parts for Seiko watches. When Seiko was selected to be the official time keeper for the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, a printing timer was required to time events, and Shinshu Seiki started developing an electronic printer.[22]

In September 1968, Shinshu Seiki launched the world's first mini-printer, the EP-101 ("EP" for Electronic Printer), which was soon incorporated into many calculators. In June 1975, the name Epson was coined for the next generation of printers based on the EP-101, which was released to the public. The Epson name was coined by joining the initials EP (Electronic Printer) and the word son, making "Epson" mean "Electronic Printer's Son".[23] In April of the same year, Epson America Inc. was established to sell printers for Shinshu Seiki Co.

Epson HX-20

In June 1978, the TX-80 (TP-80), an eighty-column dot matrix printer, was released to the market and was mainly used as a system printer for the Commodore PET computer. After two years of further development, an improved model, the MX-80 (MP-80), was launched in October 1980.[22] It was soon advertised as the best selling printer in the United States.[24] By 1982 Epson reportedly had 75% of the printer market;[25] its products were so beloved that Steve Wozniak joked, "I doubt we'll ever bomb Japan as long as they make Epson printers".[26]

In July 1982, Shinshu Seiki officially named itself the Epson Corporation. In May 1983, it released the world's first portable colour LCD TV.[27]

In November 1985, Suwa Seikosha Co., Ltd. and the Epson Corporation merged to form Seiko Epson Corporation.[28]

The company developed the Micro Piezo inkjet technology, which used a piezoelectric crystal in each nozzle and did not heat the ink at the print head while spraying it onto the page, and released the Epson MJ-500 inkjet cartridge for the Epson Stylus 800 printer in March 1993. Shortly after in 1994, Epson released the first 720 dpi colour inkjet printer, the Epson Stylus Color (P860A) utilizing the Micro Piezo head technology. Newer models of the Stylus series employed Epson's special DURABrite ink and used two hard drives (an HD 850 and an HD 860).[29]

Epson R2000 printer

In 1994, Epson started to outsource sales representatives to help sell its products in retail stores in the United States. The same year, it started the Epson Weekend Warrior sales program.[30] The purpose of the program was to help improve sales, improve retail sales reps' knowledge of Epson products, and to address Epson customer service in a retail environment. Reps were assigned on weekend shifts, typically around 12–20 hours a week. Epson started the Weekend Warrior program with TMG Marketing (now Mosaic Sales Solutions), and later with Keystone Marketing Inc, then returned to Mosaic, and switched again to Campaigners Inc. on June 24, 2007 after the Mosaic contract expired. The sales reps of Campaigners, Inc. are not outsourced; Epson hired rack jobbers to ensure retailers displayed products properly, freeing up its regular sales force to concentrate on profitable sales solutions to value-added resellers and system integrators, leaving "retail" to reps who did not require sales skills.

Epson R-D1 digital rangefinder camera

### Computers

Epson entered the microcomputer market in 1982 with the HX-20 (HC-20 in Japan), which is also the world's first notebook computer. It entered the home computer market with the QX-10, a CP/M-compatible Z80 machine. By 1986, the company had shifted to the growing IBM PC compatible market with the Equity line. Epson also manufactured and sold NEC PC-9801 clones in Japan. In the United States, it marketed the ActionNote line of PC-compatible notebooks from 1993 to 1996.[31][32] Epson withdrew from the international PC market in 1996.[32] The company still produces and sells PCs in Japan as of 2024.[33]

### 21st century

SureColor large format printer at Photokina, 2016

In June 2003, the company became public following its listing on the first section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange. Since 2017, the company is a constituent of the Nikkei Stock Average index. Although Seiko Group Corporation (f/k/a K. Hattori, Hattori Seiko, and Seiko Holdings) and the key members of the Hattori family still hold approximately 10% of the outstanding shares of Seiko Epson, the company is managed and operated completely independently from Seiko Group.

Seiko Watch Corporation, a division of Seiko Group, produces Seiko timepieces in-house through its subsidiaries as well as delegates the manufacture of some of its high-end watches (Seiko Astron, quartz and Spring Drive models of Grand Seiko, Credor, etc) to Epson.[34] The company makes some of Seiko's highest-grade watches at the Micro Artist Studio inside its Shiojiri Plant in Shiojiri, Nagano.[35] Beside Seiko timepieces, Epson develops, designs, manufactures, markets, and sells watches under its own brands such as Orient,[36] and Orient Star.

In November 2011, Epson entered the smartglasses market under the Moverio brand. The BT-100 was the first consumer smartglasses with transparent optics, which were popular with drone pilots for providing a first-person view while still being able to see the drone in the sky.[37]

In September 2012, Epson introduced a printer called the Expression Premium XP-800 Small-in-One, with the ability to print wirelessly.[38] The Expression brand name has since been used on various models of scanners. In the third quarter of 2012, Epson's global market share in the sale of printers, copiers and multifunction devices amounted to 15.20 percent.[39]

In September 2015, Epson debuted the ET-4550 printer, which enables the user to pour ink into separate inkwells from ink bottles instead of cartridges.[40]

Epson LX-300+ dot matrix printer with optional colour upgrade[41]

In 2016, Epson presented the large-format SureColor SC-P10000 ink printer; it prints with inks in ten colours on paper up to 44 inches (1.1 m) wide.[42]

By 2025, Epson appeared to have the best (as judged by Consumer Reports) "all-in-one tank inkjet printers" on the market.[43]

## ESC/P

To control its printers, Epson introduced a page description language, the Epson Standard Code for Printers (or ESC/P). It became a de facto industry standard for controlling print formatting during the era of dot matrix printers, whose popularity was initially started by the Epson MX-80.[22]

## Robots

Epson Robots is the robotics design and manufacturing department of Epson. Seiko Epson produces some microcontrollers, such as the S1C63. In 1980, Epson started the production of robots.[44]

## Ink cartridge controversies

| Parts of this company (those related to section) need to be updated. Please update this company to reflect recent events or newly available information. (July 2023)

|

In July 2003, a Netherlands-based consumer association advised its 640,000 members to boycott Epson inkjet printers. The organisation alleged that Epson customers were unfairly charged for ink they could never use. Later that month, however, the group retracted its call for a nationwide boycott and issued a statement conceding that residual ink left in Epson cartridges was necessary for the printers to function properly.[45]

Epson designed ink to be left in the cartridges (having done so ever since the introduction of piezoelectric print heads) due to the way the capping mechanism worked. If the capping mechanism dries out, then the heads risk getting clogged, necessitating expensive repairs.[citation needed]

Nonetheless, Epson America, Inc. settled a class action lawsuit brought before the Los Angeles Superior Court. It did not admit guilt, but agreed to refund $45 to anyone who purchased an Epson inkjet printer after April 8, 1999 (at least $20 of which must be used at Epson's e-Store).[46]

According to IDG News Service, Epson filed a complaint with the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) in February 2006 against 24 companies that manufactured, imported, or distributed Epson-compatible ink cartridges for resale in the U.S. On March 30, 2007, ITC judge Paul Luckern issued an initial determination that the cartridges in question did infringe upon Epson's patents.[47]

In 2015, it emerged that Epson printers reported cartridges to be empty when in fact up to 20% of their ink remains. As in 2003, the company responded:

> The ink reporting and ink cartridges used in Epson's Stylus Pro 9900-series large format printer reports on ink levels and simultaneously protect the health of the printhead. During printhead maintenance or cleanings, if a cartridge doesn't have enough ink to complete the cleaning, a fuller cartridge must be used. However, users have the choice to swap out a cartridge that is reporting low levels for a fuller cartridge for the cleaning maintenance as needed, and then replace it with the original cartridge to use the remaining ink. The original cartridge does not need to be discarded.[48]

## See also

* Inkjet technology

## References

1. ↑ "Company Outline | About | Epson". https://corporate.epson/en/about/info.html.
2. ↑ 1 April 2024 - 31 March 2025
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Financial Results for the Year ended March 31, 2025". https://corporate.epson/en/investors/publications/financial-reports/2024/pdf/results_2024_full_e.pdf.
4. ↑ 1 April 2024 - 31 March 2025
5. ↑ "Company Outline". https://corporate.epson/en/about/info.html.
6. ↑ "Company History" (in en). Epson US. https://epson.com/company-history.
7. ↑ "Head Office & Japanese Facilities ". Seiko Epson. Retrieved on January 13, 2009.
8. ↑ "Company History | Epson US" (in en). https://epson.com/company-history.
9. ↑ "Collector Guide Seiko Factory History – Daini, Suwa, Fact and Fiction" (in en-US). 2020-12-27. https://www.beyondthedial.com/post/seiko-history-daini-suwa-fact-and-fiction/.
10. ↑ Finance, Exaputra (2023-03-14). "Company Profile Review Epson,, a Technology Company from Japan" (in en). https://medium.com/@renew4ble/company-profile-review-epson-a-technology-company-from-japan-bccbedb1e7c3.
11. ↑ David Flett, Pedro Mendes (February 10, 2021). "Collector Guide. Seiko Factory History – Daini, Suwa, Fact and Fiction". Beyond the dial. https://www.beyondthedial.com/post/seiko-history-daini-suwa-fact-and-fiction/.
12. ↑ "Utility Model S37-012483". 1962. https://www.j-platpat.inpit.go.jp/c1801/PU/JP-S37-012483/22/en.
13. ↑ "Magic Lever Technology". https://corporate.epson/en/technology/overview/wearable/magic-lever.html.
14. ↑ "Seiko Crystal Chronometer QC-951". corporate.epson. https://corporate.epson/en/about/history/milestone-products/1963-9-qc-951.html.
15. ↑ "What Was the World’s First Quartz Watch?". Grail Watch. August 2, 2020. https://grail-watch.com/2020/08/02/what-was-the-worlds-first-quartz-watch/.
16. ↑ "SEIKO Kinetic. 20 years of success" (PDF) (Press release). Seiko. 2007-04-12. Retrieved 2026-02-27.
17. ↑ US patent 4653931 US patent 4939707 US patent 5001685
18. ↑ David Bredan (February 5, 2017). "The Amazing History & Functionality Of The Seiko Spring Drive Movement". A blog to watch. https://www.ablogtowatch.com/history-seiko-spring-drive-movement/2/.
19. ↑ Epson at a Glance , Investor Relations, Epson
20. ↑ "Corporate Profile セイコーエプソン株式会社 会社案内 2021/2022" (in ja). https://www.epson.jp/company/pdf/2106.pdf.
21. ↑ "Notice of Absorption-Type Merger of a Wholly Owned Subsidiary". Seiko Epson Corporation. 2025-11-05. https://corporate.epson/en/news/2025/251105-2.html.
22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Kelly, Jan Seaman; Lindblom, Brian S. (2006). Scientific Examination of Questioned Documents. (2nd ed.). Hoboken: CRC Press. p. 202. ISBN 9781420003765.
23. ↑ "Company History". https://epson.com/company-history.
24. ↑ "Advert". InfoWorld 5 (22). 30 May 1983. https://books.google.com/books?id=4S8EAAAAMBAJ&q=epson Mx-80 best selling&pg=PA29.
25. ↑ Williams, Gregg (September 1982). "The Epson QX-10/Valdocs System". BYTE: 54–57. https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1982-09/page/n55/mode/1up?view=theater. Retrieved 2024-12-29.
26. ↑ Shea, Tom (1983-05-30). "A fast look at printer prices and models". InfoWorld: 19–20. https://books.google.com/books?id=4S8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA19. Retrieved 2024-12-29.
27. ↑ "State of the Art". SPIN 1 (3). July 1985. https://books.google.com/books?id=ImJFcBcCvUoC&q=world's first portable color lcd tv&pg=PA55.
28. ↑ "Corporate History: Timeline 1970-1999". http://global.epson.com/company/corporate_history/timeline/index_2.html.
29. ↑ "Epson Printers - Unrivaled in Quality". http://www.allprinterreviews.com/epson-printers.html.
30. ↑ "Epson Printers Exceeds your Vision - Techspot Kenya" (in en-US). 2019-10-26. https://www.techspot.co.ke/epson-printers-exceeds-your-vision/.
31. ↑ Emigh, Jacqueline (June 7, 1993). "Epson: ActionNote to compliment, not replace, NB series". Newsbytes (The Washington Post Company). https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A14017005/GPS?sid=wikipedia.
32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Lanctot, Roger C. (May 26, 1997). "Growth a Stretch as Price Tags Plunge". Computer Retail Week (CMP Publications): 43. Archived from the original on February 21, 1999. https://web.archive.org/web/19990221002902/http://www.crw.com/reports/speci039.asp.
33. ↑ "パソコン". https://shop.epson.jp/pc/.
34. ↑ "Wearables Innovation - Investor Relations - Epson" (in en). https://global.epson.com/IR/library/integrated2019/strategy/wearables.html.
35. ↑ "Micro Artist Studio Watchmaker, Yoshifusa Nakazawa | Toki-no-Waza The Artisan of Time｜SEIKO WATCH CORPORATION" (in en). https://www.seikowatches.com/global-en/special/tokinowaza/nakazawa/.
36. ↑ In 2009, the company became full owner of Orient Watch, one of the largest timepiece manufacturers in Japan. Orient Watch History , (in Japanese)
37. ↑ "The Moverio BT-100". https://corporate.epson/en/about/history/milestone-products/2011-11-bt100.html.
38. ↑ Porterfield, Deborah (September 29, 2012). "New products: earphones block noise and take calls". USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/columnist/2012/09/29/new-products-earphones-music-baby-ipad-iphone/1590097/.
39. ↑ Print industry crisis Retrieved 17. January 2013.
40. ↑ Nadel, Brian (September 24, 2015). "Review: Epson EcoTank -- an inkjet printer without cartridges". http://www.computerworld.com/article/2984856/computer-peripherals/review-epson-ecotank-an-inkjet-printer-without-cartridges.html.
41. ↑ Service manual Epson LX-300+, 2000, page 25.
42. ↑ fotointern.ch März 2016, Epson SureColor SC-P10000 schneller grossformatiger Fotodrucker (German), retrieved 21 November 2020.
43. ↑ St. John, Allen (August 2025). "Pick the Right Printer for Your Needs". Consumer Reports 90 (5): 22.
44. ↑ "Driven to automation". automotivemanufacturingsolutions.com. 2008-11-01. https://www.automotivemanufacturingsolutions.com/driven-to-automation/6656.article.
45. ↑ "Epson Faces Consumer Suits". PC World. 2003-10-24. http://www.pcworld.com/news/article/0,aid,113112,00.asp. Retrieved 2009-07-30.
46. ↑ "XO(R) Web Site Hosting". Epsonsettlement.com. http://www.epsonsettlement.com/.
47. ↑ Cheng, Jacqui (9 April 2007). "Epson wins preliminary ruling against aftermarket cartridge manufacturers". Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2007/04/epson-wins-preliminary-ruling-against-aftermarket-cartridge-manufacturers/.
48. ↑ Zhang, Michael (11 September 2015). "This is How Much Ink the Epson 9900 Printer Wastes". http://petapixel.com/2015/09/11/this-is-how-much-ink-the-epson-9900-printer-wastes/.

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* Official website

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