Space industry of India

Short description: Overview of Indian space sector

India's Space Industry is predominantly driven by its national space agency ISRO.[1] The industry includes over 500 private suppliers and other various bodies of the Department of Space (DoS)[2] in all commercial, research and arbitrary regards.[3] There are relatively few independent private agencies, though they have been gaining an increased role since the start of the 21st century. In 2023, the space industry of India accounted for $9 billion or 2%-3% of the global space industry and employed more than 45,000 people.

Integration of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle underway

In 2021, the Government of India launched the Indian Space Association (ISpA) to open the Indian space industry to private sectors and start-ups. Several private companies like Larsen & Toubro, Nelco (Tata Group), OneWeb, MapmyIndia, Walchandnagar Industries are founding members of this organisation.[4] Lieutenant General Anil Kumar Bhatt was appointed as the Director General of ISpA.[5]

The Government of India forayed into space exploration when scientists started to launch sounding rockets from Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS), Thiruvananthapuram.[6][7] The establishment of the space agency lead to the development of small launch vehicles SLV-3 and ASLV, followed by larger PSLV and GSLV rockets in the 1990s, which allowed India to shift larger payloads and undertake commercial launches for the international market. Private firms started to emerge later as subcontractors for various rocket and satellite components. Reforms liberalising the space sector and nondisclosure agreements came in the late 2010s, leading to the emergence of various private spaceflight companies.

As of 2025, India has launched 433 satellites for various foreign countries. There were more than 300 space startups in India in mid 2025 involved in various stages of developing their own launch vehicles, designing satellites and other allied activities.[8][9][10]

## Contents

* 1 History
* 1.1 Early decades
* 1.2 Introduction of PSLV and commercial space missions
* 1.3 Emergence of the private sector
* 1.4 Mission DefSpace
* 2 Industry overview
* 3 List of notable organisations and companies
* 4 See also
* 5 References
* 6 Sources

## History

### Early decades

India's interest in space travel began in the early 1960s, when scientists launched a Nike-Apache rocket from TERLS, Kerala.[6][7] The Indian National Committee for Space Research was subsequently set up, which later became ISRO[11] functioning under a new independent DoS in the 1970s under the Prime Minister of India.[12][13]

ISRO joined the Interkosmos program to launch its first satellite, Aryabhata, from the former Soviet Union in 1975.[14]

SLV-3, a locally developed space rocket, was introduced in 1979, enabling India to undertake orbital launches.[15] Experience gained from SLV-3 was used to develop ASLV to develop technologies for launching satellites in geostationary orbit, but this ended up having very limited success and was eventually discontinued.[16] However, the study of a homegrown medium-lift launch vehicle went on, which lead to the realisation of the PSLV.[17]

### Introduction of PSLV and commercial space missions

Antrix Corporation was set up in 1992 to market ISRO's technology, launch services and transfer technology to Indian private firms, dawning the commercial space sector in India.[18] The PSLV rocket, introduced in 1993, enabled India to launch its polar satellites. Despite initial failures in its first two flights, PSLV had no further failures and emerged as ISRO's primary workhorse for launching domestic and foreign satellites.[19][20] The development of GSLV and LVM3 subsequently began in the 1990s and 2000s to attain the capability to launch communication satellites. However, the launchers didn't become operational until decades later, as India initially faced a great problem in the development of cryogenic engines.[21][22][23] Later, NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) replaced Antrix as the commercial arm of ISRO.[24]

### Emergence of the private sector

Main articles: Astronomy:Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre and Space Activities Bill

The Indian space program emerged as an economic sector with government-backed investments with official institutions in the military and civilian administrations over decades of engineering. Over four decades, ISRO continued transferring technologies to small and medium enterprises (SMEs), leading to there being over 500 suppliers of various components in 2017.[25]

India's IT industry started engaging in this sector in the 1990s. The Department of Space actively promoted the growth of the sector, leading to the establishment of the manufacturing of various systems. Large mapping projects for various civilian and military requirements were outsourced by the government, which drove the growth of India's private space sector. However, the private sector still played a supporting role, while the government continued to dominate the space sector.[26]

In the late 2010s, a large number of startups started to emerge throughout the country with their own proposals and concepts to develop various satellite technologies and rockets.[27][28][29]

A range of initiatives to deregulate the private space sector were introduced by Narendra Modi's cabinet in June 2020, and the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (INSPACe) was established for incubating technology into private firms, known as Non-Government Private Entities (NGPEs) by DOS.[30][31] NGPEs were included as a crucial part of ISRO's Space Communication Policy draft issued in October 2020.[32] As of 2021, a new Space Activities Bill and a space policy are being drafted by NALSAR Centre for Aerospace and Defence laws to regulate space manufacturing and the legal aspects of the industry in India.[33][34]

An amendment was made in the FDI policy for space sector through a gazette notification dated April 16, 2024, called the Foreign Exchange Management (Non-debt Instruments) (Third Amendment) Rules, 2024. The liberalized entry routes under the amended policy are aimed at attracting potential investors in the Indian companies in space. As per them, up to 74 per cent FDI for satellite manufacturing & operation, satellite data products and ground segment & user segment are allowed under automatic route. Beyond 74 per cent these activities are under government route. FDI up to 49 per cent is allowed for launch vehicles and associated systems or subsystems, creation of spaceports for launching and receiving spacecraft are under automatic route but beyond 49 per cent government permission would be required. The cabinet on February 21 had allowed 74% foreign direct investment (FDI) under automatic route for satellite manufacturing, up to 49% under automatic route for launch vehicles, and up to 100% under automatic route for manufacturing of components and systems.

The new rules will come into effect from April 16 2024.[35][36][37]

Throughout this time, various nondisclosure agreements and tech transfers have been taking place between ISRO and private entities.[38][39]

In July 2024, Minister of Finance Nirmala Sitharaman announced that the Indian government will form a $119 million venture capital find for space startups in India.[40] The Union Cabinet of India approved the creation of the venture capital fund in October 2024.[41] India has more than 400 private space enterprises as of 2024, up from 54 in 2020.[42] Since 2025, an increasing number of private sector Indian space companies have been setting up offices and forming subsidiaries in the United States to gain access to the American market and compete with domestic U.S. space companies.[43] Some Indian companies, including Bellatrix Aerospace, a satellite propulsion manufacturer, are establishing manufacturing facilities in the U.S.[43]

As of May 2025, India is planning to launch 52 spy satellites over the next five years, with private sector companies building half of the 52 spy satellites, with ISRO manufacturing the remaining half.[44] Additionally as of May 2025, technology for ISRO's SSLV is in the process of being transferred to private firms by ISRO.[44]

### Mission DefSpace

The Defence Innovation Organisation (DIO), through its Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX) framework, has become a key catalyst in advancing India's indigenous defence and space innovation landscape.[45] By bridging the gap between defence user requirements and private-sector innovation, DIO promotes dual-use technological development that supports both strategic and commercial applications.[46] The launch of Mission DefSpace in October 2022 marked a significant milestone—uniting startups, MSMEs, and academia to co-develop solutions in satellite communication, Earth observation, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), AI-driven geospatial analytics, and space situational awareness (SSA).[47][48] With challenge-based funding, technology mentorship, and procurement-linked incentives, DIO's role has been instrumental in nurturing a sustainable ecosystem for India's growing space-defence industry.[49]

Under Mission DefSpace, several companies have signed agreements with DIO/iDEX to develop technologies critical for India's military and strategic space applications.[50] For instance, Sisir Radar Pvt. Ltd., founded by former ISRO Director Tapan Misra, is developing an L- and P-band continuous-wave Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) payload along with an unfurlable, electronically steered antenna for small-satellite platforms—enhancing India's all-weather imaging and reconnaissance capabilities.[51]

Similarly, Space Kidz India has taken up the challenge of designing CubeSat deployers for microgravity and small-satellite missions, supporting low-cost and rapid satellite deployment for defence and scientific applications.[52][53] Kepler Aerospace Pvt. Ltd., another participant, is working on CubeSat-class satellite platforms designed for real-time surveillance and communication relays, demonstrating the diversity of innovation emerging through the DefSpace initiative.[54][55]

Alongside these, firms such as Digantara, Antsys Innovations, SpacePixxel, GalaxEye Space, and InspeCity Space Laboratories are contributing across domains including space domain awareness, RF communications, and on-orbit servicing—collectively reinforcing India's goal of achieving self-reliance and strategic depth in space-defence technologies.[56][57]

## Industry overview

ISRO and DoS continue to remain dominant in the national space sector, having launched more than 100 domestic and more than 300 foreign satellites for 33 countries,[58] while private firms have gradually been gaining ground.[1][2][3] In 2019, the space industry of India accounted for $7 billion or 2% of the global space industry and employed more than 45,000 people.[59][31] Antrix Corporation expects the industry to grow up to $50 billion by 2024 if provided with appropriate policy support.[60]

In February 2020, there were 35 startups that came up in the space sector, of which three focused on designing rockets, 14 on designing satellites, and the rest on drone-based applications and services sector. The number further grew to over 40 in January 2021.[8][9] Two companies, Skyroot Aerospace and AgniKul Cosmos, have tested their own engines and are in advanced stages of developing their own launch vehicles,[61][62] while others have their launchers in the production pipeline and have launched satellites using ISRO rockets.

The space industry has contributed $60 billion to India's gross domestic product (GDP) between 2014 and 2024. It created 96,000 direct jobs and 4.7 million indirect jobs, according to the Socio-Economic Impact Analysis of Indian Space Programme Report. India now has the eighth-largest space economy in the world, with space sector earnings reaching $6.3 billion as of 2023.[42][63]

The Indian economy has benefited from a multiplier effect of $2.54 for every dollar earned by the Indian space industry, according to the European consulting firm Novaspace, with India's space industry workforce being 2.5 times more productive than the country's wider industrial workforce.[63] At a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6%, the Indian space economy which is valued at approximately ₹6,700 crore ($8.4 billion) as of 2024 is projected to reach $13 billion by 2025, accounting for 2% to 3% of the worldwide space economy. The entire amount of money invested in ISRO over the past 55 years since its founding is less than NASA's annual budget.[42] Compared to CNSA, which receives over $18 billion, and NASA, which works with a budget surpassing $25 billion, ISRO's annual budget in 2024 is approximately $1.6 billion.[64][65]

India's space industry aims to focus on various niches in the space domain, which include retrieving space data, constructing small satellites and cheap launches into orbit.[66]

## List of notable organisations and companies

Major conglomerates and organisations  Name  | Established  | Ownership  | Services  | Portals

|
|
|
|

ISRO | 1969  | State-owned  |

* Launch vehicles
* Rocket engines
* Satellites
* Spacecraft
* Technology
* Rocket boosters

| [1]
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited | 1964  | State-owned  |

* Transport aircraft
* Fighter aircraft
* Helicopters
* Crew capsule (Gaganyaan)

| [2]
Ananth Technologies | 1992  | Private  |

* Launch Vehicles
* Avionics
* AIT of Launch Vehicles
* Satellite Systems
* Satellite applications

| [3]
Data Patterns (India) Ltd  | 1985  | Private  |

* Satellite systems
* Small Satellites
* Ground Stations

| [4]
Antrix Corporation | 1992  | State-owned  |

* Satellite systems

* Launch vehicles
* Technology and consultancy

| [5]
Godrej Aerospace  | 1897  | Private  |

* Rocket engines
* Spacecraft thrusters

| [6]
Larsen & Toubro | 1938  | Private  |

* Rocket boosters
* Spacecraft
* Space infrastructure

| [7]
NewSpace India Limited | 2019  | State-owned  |

* Satellite systems
* Launch vehicles
* Technology and consultancy

| [8]
Private Launch Vehicles  Company Name  | Established  | Ownership  | Vehicle(s)  | Expected Launch(Orbital)  | Reusability  | Services  | Ref(s)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Skyroot Aerospace | 2018  | Private  | Vikram I, II, III  | 2026  | Partial (Planned)  | Dedicated & Rideshare orbital launch  | [36]
Agnikul Cosmos | 2017  | Private  | Agnibaan  | 2026  | Partial (Planned)  | Custom 3D-printed launch solutions  | [11]
EtherealX  | 2022  | Private  | Razor Crest Mk-1  | 2027  | Fully Reusable (Planned)  | Heavy-payload reusable transport  | [67]
Abyom SpaceTech  | 2020  | Private  | RSR / SRLV  | 2029  | Full (RSR) / Partial (SRLV)  | Launch services & Propulsion testing  | [68]
Other notable companies and startups  Name  | Established  | Ownership  | Services  | Ref(s)

|
|
|
|

Bellatrix Aerospace | 2015  | Private  |

* Satellite propulsion systems
* Launch vehicles

| [9]
Sisir Radar | 2021  | Private  |

* Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) \- P, L & X Band
* Hyperspectral imaging
* Multi-Payload Remote Sensing Satellites
* Foliage penetration (FOPEN) radar
* Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)
* Satellite Ground Stations

| [10]
Spacekawa Explorations Pvt Ltd  | 2019  | Private  |

* Earth-observation & RF/geospatial analytics (Kawa Space)
* Satellite mission-planning / onboard autonomy systems
* Antenna frequency-switching & payload control

| [11]
Digantara Research and Technologies Pvt. Ltd.  | 2018  | Private  |

* Space Domain Awareness (SDA/SSA)
* Orbital debris tracking & traffic management services
* Space operations infrastructure & data platforms

| [12]
Antsys Innovations Pvt Ltd  | 2019  | Private  |

* RF & antenna systems; test & measurement solutions
* Additive-manufactured antenna & gimbal platforms

| [13]
Omnipresent Robot Technologies Pvt. Ltd  | N/A  | Private  |

* Industrial UAV/robotics & video analytics
* Change-detection and inspection solutions

| [14]
Jisnu Communications Pvt Ltd  | N/A  | Private  |

* Antenna control units & servo/drive systems
* Ground-station pedestals and motion controllers

| [15]
MMRFIC Technology Pvt Ltd  | N/A  | Private  |

* RF/MMIC components & subsystems (L/S/X/Ku/Ka)
* High-power Ka-band SSPAs for ground stations

| [16]
InspeCity Space Laboratories Pvt. Ltd.  | N/A  | Private  |

* In-orbit servicing (ISAM): refuelling, repairs, life-extension
* Robotic arms; proximity ops; laser-based ISAM R&D

| [17]
Avantel Limited  | 1990  | Public  |

* Defence SATCOM terminals & networks (naval/air/ground)
* SDRs, VSAT/INMARSAT services; network-centric solutions

| [18]
Parachute Technologies Pvt Ltd  | N/A  | Private  |

* Spatial-AI & autonomy; defence/civil intelligent systems
* (PNT anti-spoofing/anti-jamming: not independently verified)

| [19]
BigCat Wireless Pvt Ltd  | 2013  | Private  |

* 5G/NTN radio units & MIMO-SDR platforms (O-RAN/eCPRI)
* SDR modems; below-noise-floor/advanced waveforms R&D

| [20]
TSC Technologies Pvt Ltd  | N/A  | Private  |

* Portable SATCOM terminals & rugged integration
* (Independent details limited)

| N/A
Krisemi Design Technologies Pvt Ltd  | N/A  | Private  |

* On-board GEO processing & beam-switching concepts
* Ku/Ka-band HTS payload engineering (unverified)

| N/A
Azizta Industries Pvt Ltd  | N/A  | Private  |

* Multiband SDRs (UHF/S/C/Ku/Ka) for platforms
* (Independent details limited)

| N/A
Astrome Technologies  | 2015  | Private  |

* E-band multi-beam backhaul (GigaMesh) for 5G/NTN
* mmWave/terahertz wireless; SATCOM backhaul expansion

| [21]
Kepler Aerospace Pvt Ltd  | 2018  | Private  |

* Small-sat/ADCS subsystems; AIS/ADS-B cubesat concepts
* RF power amps (SSPA/TWTA/MPM); ELINT/IMINT projects

| [22]
Optimized Electrotech Pvt. Ltd.  | 2017  | Private  |

* Electro-optical long-range surveillance systems
* Defence ISR payloads and imaging platforms

| [23]
Space Kidz India  | 2011  | Private  |

* Student satellites & STEM programmes
* CubeSat deployers; education outreach

| [24]
Catalyx Space  | 2024  | Private  |

* Satellites
* Reentry capsules
* Ground stations

| [25]
Dhruva Space | 2012  | Private  | Satellites | [26]
Spaceover Corp  | 2023  | Private  | Research  | [27]
Pixxel | 2019  | Private  | Earth imaging satellites  | [28]
Satellize | 2018  | Private  | Satellites | [29]
Manastu Space  | 2017  | Private  |

* Satellites and spacecraft components
* Satellite propulsion systems and thrusters
* Propellants
* Safety systems
* Spacecraft refueling
* Life-extension
* D-orbiting

| [30]
Grahaa Space  | 2021  | Private  |

* Stackable Nanosatellite Design and Development
* Nanosatellite Engineering and Components
* Payload Design and Development
* Launch Services
* Satellite Ground Station Services
* Interplanetary Exploration[69][70]

| [71][72][73][74]
Erisha Space  | 2022  | Private  |

* Satellites and Satellite Launch Vehicles
* Satellite propulsion systems and thrusters
* Propellants
* Safety systems
* Drones
* Ground Stations
* Satellite applications

| [31]
Acceleron Aerospace  | 2023  | Private  |

* Interplanetary Satellites
* Interplanetary Exploration
* Human Missions to Mars and Ceres

| [75][76]
Akashalabdhi Pvt. Ltd.  | 2023  | Private  |

* Antariksh HAB
* Inflatable Solar Arrays
* Orbital MVP
* Analogue Studies

| [77][78]
Astrogate Labs  | 2017  | Private  |

* Astro-Link
* Optical Ground Station as a Service (OGSaaS)
* Defense and Aerospace Solutions

| [79][80]
Olee Space  | 2023  | Private  |

* Free-Space Optical Communication
* Space-Based Networking
* Quantum-Encrypted Networking
* Directed Energy Weapons

| [81][82]
Eon Space Labs  | 2021  | Private  |

* Satellite Payload Development
* Aerial Imaging Solutions (UAV/Drone Payloads)
* Ground-Based Surveillance Platforms

| [83][84]

## See also

* List of private spaceflight companies
* List of Indian satellites
* List of foreign satellites launched by India
* Commercialization of space
* Space manufacturing
* Space colonisation
* Defence industry of India
* Economy of India

## References

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2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Sadeh 2013, pp. 303-.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 ltd, Research and Markets. "Evolving Indian Space Ecosystem Attracting New Space Participants in the Industry, 2020". https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5146359/evolving-indian-space-ecosystem-attracting-new.
4. ↑ "PM Modi launches Indian Space Association for govt, pvt coordination". The Indian Express. 12 October 2021. https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/pm-modi-launches-indian-space-association-for-govt-pvt-coordination-7566992/.
5. ↑ "Space sector to become engine of growth for economy: ISpA's DG". The Economic Times. 11 October 2021. https://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/space-sector-to-become-engine-of-growth-for-economy-ispas-dg/86930937.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "The dawn of a new space race?". BBC News. 2005-10-14. https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4208176.stm.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Transported on a Bicycle, Launched from a Church: The Amazing Story of India's First Rocket Launch" (in en-US). The Better India. 2016-11-08. http://www.thebetterindia.com/74283/first-rocket-india-thumba-vikram-sarabhai-abdul-kalam/.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "'Startups to play key role in Indian space industry'". Hindustan Times. 28 February 2020. https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/startups-to-play-key-role-in-indian-space-industry/story-UI0VNbXOivXicQRicvIhgO.html.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "India lagging behind US, China in space sector; over 40 start-ups working with govt: Economic Survey". Deccan Herald. 29 January 2021. https://www.deccanherald.com/national/india-lagging-behind-us-china-in-space-sector-over-40-start-ups-working-with-govt-economic-survey-945053.html.
10. ↑ "'Bharat aaj bhi saare jahan se acha dikhta hai': Astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla recounts space journey; talks about Axiom-4 mission". The Times of India. ISSN 0971-8257. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bharat-aaj-bhi-saare-jahan-se-acha-dikhta-hai-astronaut-shubhanshu-shukla-recounts-space-journey-talks-about-axiom-4-mission/articleshow/123427229.cms.
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13. ↑ Sadeh 2013, pp. 303.
14. ↑ "Aryabhata – ISRO". https://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/aryabhata-1.
15. ↑ "First Successful Launch of SLV-3 - Silver Jubilee". ISRO. https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/58-SI-Jul-Sep-05/files/assets/common/downloads/publication.pdf.
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17. ↑ "Indian ambitions in space go sky-high". New Scientist. 22 January 1981. p. 215. https://books.google.com/books?id=IbbMj56ht8sC&pg=PA215.
18. ↑ "Antrix responsible for marketing ISRO tech". The Times of India. 9 February 2011. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Antrix-responsible-for-marketing-ISRO-tech/articleshow/7457366.cms.
19. ↑ "India (Launchers)". Spacecraft Encyclopedia. http://claudelafleur.qc.ca/Indians-launchers.html.
20. ↑ "PSLV". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/pslv.htm.
21. ↑ "GSLV Launched Successfully". Current Science 80 (10): 1256. May 2001. http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/may252001/1254.pdf. Retrieved 12 December 2013.
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23. ↑ "India's GSLV Mk-3 First Flight Pushed Back to April 2014". 4 April 2013. http://www.sawfnews.com/Health/70695.aspx.
24. ↑ "New Company for Commercial Exploitation of Research and Development (Under The Company Act 2013)". Press Information Bureau. 27 June 2019. https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1576000.
25. ↑ Rajagopalan & Prasad 2017, pp. 1–2.
26. ↑ Rajagopalan & Prasad 2017, pp. 54.
27. ↑ Singh, Abhinav (2017-07-02). "Space no bar". The Week. https://www.theweek.in/theweek/business/indias-young-space-entrepreneurs.html.
28. ↑ Ravikumar, Sachin; Shakil, Ismail (2019-06-23). "India's space startups ignite investor interest". LiveMint. https://www.livemint.com/news/india/india-s-space-startups-ignite-investor-interest-1561269988291.html.
29. ↑ Arakali, Harichandan (2019-09-09). "Space-tech startups in India are gaining ground". Forbes India. https://www.forbesindia.com/article/startups/spacetech-startups-in-india-are-gaining-ground/55181/1.
30. ↑ "India opens space sector to private players: What it means for ISRO". Financial Express. 2020-06-26. https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/science/india-opens-space-sector-to-private-players-what-it-means-for-isro/2005105/.
31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 a) "'UNLOCKING INDIA'S POTENTIAL IN SPACE SECTOR'". https://www.isro.gov.in/unlocking-india’s-potential-space-sector. ;
b) "Emerging trend in Space Sector". https://www.isro.gov.in/unlocking-india’s-potential-space-sector/emerging-trend-space-sector. ;
c) "Opening Up Indian Space Sector For Private Sector –Reforms". https://www.isro.gov.in/unlocking-india’s-potential-space-sector/opening-indian-space-sector-private-sector-–reforms. ;
d) "Space Activities By NGPEs". https://www.isro.gov.in/unlocking-india’s-potential-space-sector/space-activities-ngpes. ;
e) "Enabling Mechanism For NGPEs To Carry Out Space Activities". https://www.isro.gov.in/unlocking-india’s-potential-space-sector/enabling-mechanism-ngpes-to-carry-out-space-activities. ;
Indian Space Research Organisation - Government of India. Retrieved on 4 March 2021.
32. ↑ ﻿No.C.19013/48/2012-Sec.3 (Vol.III) Spacecom Policy - 2020 and Spacecom NGP-2020﻿ (Report). Department of Space. 2020-10-15. https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/draft_spacecom_policy_2020.pdf. Retrieved 2021-03-04.
33. ↑ "Space policy, Space Activities Bill in final stages: ISRO chairman". The Economic Times. 2020-07-05. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/space-policy-space-activities-bill-in-final-stages-isro-chairman/articleshow/76800775.cms.
34. ↑ Reddy, V Balakista (2020-09-30). "'Space Activities Bill reflects years of research … it will bring clarity and synergy to both Indian and foreign companies'". The Times of India (Interview). Interviewed by Preeti Biswas. Retrieved 2021-03-04.
35. ↑ "Centre Notifies New FDI Rules For Space Sector Ahead Of Elon Musk's Visit". https://www.ndtv.com/business-news/centre-notifies-new-fdi-rules-for-space-sector-ahead-of-elon-musks-visit-5463497.
36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 "Space FDI: Finance ministry notifies FDI in space sector; gives better access to capital, say startups". 17 April 2024. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/startups/finance-ministry-notifies-fdi-in-space-sector-gives-better-access-to-capital-say-startups/articleshow/109381193.cms.
37. ↑ Sinha, Shishir (2024-04-17). "Finance Ministry notifies new FDI limits for satellite-related activities under FEMA" (in en). https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/science/finance-ministry-notifies-new-fdi-limits-for-satellite-related-activities-under-fema/article68074526.ece.
38. ↑ "In a first of ISRO's history, it tests its first private satellite". News Bharati. 12 February 2021. https://www.newsbharati.com/Encyc/2021/2/12/-ISRO.amp.html.
39. ↑ "Non-Disclosure Agreement signed with M/s Agnikul". ISRO - Government of India. 2020-12-03. https://www.isro.gov.in/update/03-dec-2020/non-disclosure-agreement-signed-with-m-s-agnikul.
40. ↑ "India unveils 10 bln rupee venture capital fund for space sector". 23 July 2024. https://www.reuters.com/technology/space/india-unveils-10-bln-rupee-venture-capital-fund-space-sector-2024-07-23/.
41. ↑ India Today Science Desk (2024-10-25). "Space industry welcomes Cabinet approval of Rs 1,000 crore venture fund" (in en). https://www.indiatoday.in/science/story/space-industry-welcomes-cabinet-approval-of-rs-1000-crore-venture-fund-2623177-2024-10-25.
42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 Singh, Surendra (2024-11-14). "For every rupee Isro spends, return is Rs 2.5, says space agency chief". The Times of India. ISSN 0971-8257. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/for-every-rupee-isro-spends-return-is-rs-2-5-says-space-agency-chief/articleshow/115273716.cms.
43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 "Indian space-tech startups set offices, mfg facilities in US". The Times of India. 19 May 2025. ISSN 0971-8257. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/indian-space-tech-startups-set-offices-mfg-facilities-in-us/articleshow/121274623.cms.
44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 "India to launch 52 spy satellites over next five years: INSPACe chairman". The Economic Times. 2025-05-07. ISSN 0013-0389. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/india-to-launch-52-spy-satellites-over-next-five-years-inspace-chairman/articleshow/120969293.cms?from=mdr.
45. ↑ About iDEX – Defence Innovation Organisation
46. ↑ PIB: Mission DefSpace announcement and objectives
47. ↑ MoD: DIO – iDEX Overview
48. ↑ Hindustan Times: PM launches 75 iDEX challenges including DefSpace
49. ↑ Financial Express: Mission DefSpace – boosting India's space-defence capabilities
50. ↑ Business Standard: iDEX under DIO signs DefSpace agreements with startups
51. ↑ Times of India: Former ISRO Director's startup wins iDEX challenge
52. ↑ Career India: Enhancing CubeSat Separation Technology
53. ↑ Moneycontrol: ISRO to launch Space Kidz India satellite
54. ↑ Rediff: Kepler wins Defence Deal for Swarming Satellites
55. ↑ Indian Defence News: Kepler secures $4 million iDEX Prime contract
56. ↑ Economic Times: Mission DefSpace aims to strengthen India's space-defence capabilities
57. ↑ PIB: iDEX DefSpace programme update, 2024
58. ↑ "Isro milestone: 300 satellites from 33 nations put in space in 20 years". Times of India. 28 November 2019. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-milestone-300-satellites-from-33-nations-put-in-space-in-20-years/articleshow/72268186.cms.
59. ↑ Babu, Peerzada Abrar Samreen Ahmad & Gireesh (June 26, 2020). "India's aerospace start-ups eye rocket launches and planetary missions". Business Standard India. https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/india-s-aerospace-start-ups-eye-rocket-launches-and-planetary-missions-120062601687_1.html.
60. ↑ Narasimhan, TE (2020-01-31). "Space sector can hit $50 bn by 2024, needs policy support: Antrix-PwC study". Business Standard. https://wap.business-standard.com/budget/article-amp/space-sector-can-hit-50-bn-by-2024-needs-policy-support-antrix-pwc-study-120013101493_1.html.
61. ↑ "Skyroot tests solid propulsion rocket engine, aims at a rocket by 2021 end". The Economic Times. 2020-12-28. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/startups/skyroot-tests-solid-propulsion-rocket-engine-aims-at-a-rocket-by-2021-end/articleshow/79991647.cms.
62. ↑ "Agnikul Cosmos fires single-piece, 3D printed rocket engine". MoneyControl. 2021-02-11. https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/agnikul-cosmos-fires-single-piece-3d-printed-rocket-engine-6491661.html.
63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 Koshy, Jacob (2024-08-23). "'Space sector contributed ₹20,000 crore to India's GDP over the last decade'" (in en-IN). The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/space-sector-contributed-20000-crore-to-indias-gdp-over-the-last-decade/article68559540.ece.
64. ↑ Singh, Srijan Pal (2024-11-06). "Why Isro's low-budget hangover is not sustainable for India's future plans" (in en). https://www.indiatoday.in/science/story/why-isros-low-budget-hangover-is-not-sustainable-for-indias-future-plans-2628271-2024-11-06.
65. ↑ Wall, Mike (2024-03-11). "NASA gets $25.4 billion in White House's 2025 budget request" (in en). https://www.space.com/nasa-white-house-2025-budget-request.
66. ↑ Bhattacharjee, Nivedita (14 October 2024). "India's space strategy: harness data and tiny satellites to capture market beyond SpaceX". https://www.reuters.com/technology/space/indias-space-strategy-harness-data-tiny-satellites-capture-market-beyond-spacex-2024-10-14/.
67. ↑ Singh, Jagmeet (2026-01-15). "Indian SpaceX rival EtherealX hits 5x valuation as it readies engine tests" (in en-US). https://techcrunch.com/2026/01/15/etherealx-jumps-5-5x-in-valuation-on-spacex-style-reuse-bet-from-india/.
68. ↑ "‘I have to balance being the face of the company and giving hands-on time’" (in en). https://www.forbesindia.com/article/30-under-30-2026/i-have-to-balance-being-the-face-of-the-company-and-giving-hands-on-time/2990320/1.
69. ↑ "Harnessing Nanosatellite Technology for Lunar Infrastructure" (in en). 30 April 2025. https://www.universetoday.com/articles/harnessing-nanosatellite-technology-for-lunar-infrastructure.
70. ↑ "Traveling to Mars and Ceres Using Lunar Gateway as a Springboard" (in en). 31 May 2025. https://www.universetoday.com/articles/traveling-to-mars-and-ceres-using-lunar-gateway-as-a-springboard.
71. ↑ "Grahaa to stream live videos from space using a cluster of nanosatellites" (in en). https://aninews.in/news/business/grahaa-to-stream-live-videos-from-space-using-a-cluster-of-nanosatellites20201020141252/.
72. ↑ "Grahaa Space: Patenting innovations in earth observation nanosatellites" (in en). https://indiaai.gov.in/article/grahaa-space-patenting-innovations-in-earth-observation-nanosatellites.
73. ↑ "Grahaa to stream live videos from space using a cluster of nanosatellites" (in en-US). https://www.business-standard.com/content/press-releases-ani/grahaa-to-stream-live-videos-from-space-using-a-cluster-of-nanosatellites-120102000699_1.html.
74. ↑ "A Chennai space startup is projecting ₹100 crore rev in 2 years, wants ₹50 crore funding - CNBC TV18" (in en). 2024-09-03. https://www.cnbctv18.com/videos/business/startup/a-chennai-space-startup-is-projecting-₹100-crore-rev-in-2-years-wants-₹50-crore-funding-19469863.htm.
75. ↑ MSc, Laurence Tognetti (2025-05-31). "Traveling to Mars and Ceres Using Lunar Gateway as a Springboard" (in en). https://www.universetoday.com/articles/traveling-to-mars-and-ceres-using-lunar-gateway-as-a-springboard.
76. ↑ Williams, Matthew (2025-03-29). "Are Nuclear Propulsion Systems the Future of Space Exploration?" (in en). https://www.universetoday.com/articles/are-nuclear-propulsion-systems-the-future-of-space-exploration.
77. ↑ "Spacetech startup Akashalabdhi raises $1.2 million in pre-seed round". The Economic Times. 2025-09-29. ISSN 0013-0389. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/funding/spacetech-startup-akashalabdhi-raises-1-2-million-in-pre-seed-round/articleshow/124215735.cms?from=mdr.
78. ↑ 🇮🇳 They're going to space soon. Retrieved 2026-01-29 - via www.youtube.com.
79. ↑ L, Krithika K. (2025-04-29). "Astrogate Labs Bets On Laser Technology To Speed Up Satellite Data Transfers" (in en). https://inc42.com/startups/astrogate-labs-bets-on-laser-technology-to-speed-up-satellite-data-transfers/.
80. ↑ Staff, Entrepreneur (2025-02-27). "Astrogate Labs and Pickkup Raise Early-Stage Funding" (in en). https://www.entrepreneur.com/en-in/news-and-trends/astrogate-labs-and-pickkup-raise-early-stage-funding/487673.
81. ↑ Vardhan, Gyan. "Olee.space raises $3 Mn in seed round" (in en). https://entrackr.com/snippets/oleespace-raises-3-mn-in-seed-round-led-by-rockstud-capital-9655137.
82. ↑ CNBC-TV18 (2025-08-18). Olee Space Has Raised $3 Million In Seed Funding | CNBC TV18. Retrieved 2026-01-29 - via YouTube.`{{cite AV media}}`: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
83. ↑ "EON Space Labs Making Space Accessible for All" (in en-GB). 2025-11-01. https://www.electronicsforu.com/india-corner/optics-india-can-rely-on-homegrown-technology-instead-of-imports.
84. ↑ Vardhan, Gyan. "EON Space Labs bags $1.2 Mn in pre-Series A round" (in en). https://entrackr.com/snippets/eon-space-labs-bags-12-mn-in-pre-series-a-round-9628241.

## Sources

* Pardoe, Geoffrey Keith Charles (1987). Space Industry International: Markets, Companies, Statistics and Personnel. Longman. ISBN 978-0-582-00314-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=H5JFAAAAYAAJ.
* Sadeh, Eligar (2013). Space Strategy in the 21st Century: Theory and Policy. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-22623-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=u4nXqDvgGrIC&pg=PA303. Retrieved 19 February 2021.

* Rajagopalan, Rajeshwari Pillai; Prasad, Narayan (2017). Space India 2.0: Commerce, Policy, Security and Governance Perspectives. Observer Research Foundation. ISBN 978-81-86818-28-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=iwtNDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA72.

* v
* t
* e

Politics of outer space

* Spacefaring nations
* Space policy
* Space traffic management
* Space debris management
* Space Debris Working Group
* Space Debris Committee
* Planetary protection principle
* Post-detection policy
* Asteroid impact
* Prediction
* Avoidance
* Spaceguard
* The Spaceguard Foundation

Space races|

* Cold War Space Race
* Sputnik crisis
* Timeline
* Billionaire space race
* Mars race
* Records
* Space propaganda
* Space competition

Chinese
space program|

* Two Bombs, One Satellite doctrine (1966–1976)
* Shuguang program (1966–1972)
* Chinese ASAT program (1964–)
* 2007 test
* Project 921 (1992–)
* Shenzhou program
* Tiangong program
* Space station
* Chinese Lunar Exploration Program (2003–)
* Mars and beyond
* Planetary Exploration of China (2016–)
* MARS-500 study

ESA Science Programme|

* European Launcher Development Organisation (1960–1975)
* Europa launcher programme (1962–1973)
* European Space Research Organisation (1964–1975)
* European Space Agency (1975–)
* EU/ESA Space Council
* European Cooperation for Space Standardization
* European Space Research and Technology Centre
* Concurrent Design Facility
* European Astronaut Centre
* ESA Centre for Earth Observation
* Living Planet Programme
* European Centre for Space Applications and Telecommunications
* European Data Relay System
* Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility (1983–2010)
* European Space Astronomy Centre (2005–)
* European Space Security and Education Centre
* European Space Operations Centre
* ESTRACK network
* Guiana Space Centre
* Ariane launcher programme (1973–)
* Vega launcher programme (1998–)
* European Space Policy Institute
* Space Situational Awareness Programme
* Future Launchers Preparatory Programme
* Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle
* PRIDE
* Space Rider
* ESA Television
* Mars and beyond
* Mars Exploration Joint Initiative
* MARS-500 study
* Aurora programme
* ExoMars

| Horizon 2000 (1985–1995)|

* SOHO
* Cassini–Huygens
* Huygens
* Cluster
* Cluster II
* XMM-Newton
* Rosetta
* INTEGRAL
* Herschel
* Planck

|

Horizon 2000 Plus (1995–2015)|

* ISS programme
* Politics
* Gaia
* LISA Pathfinder
* BepiColombo

Cosmic Vision (2015–2025)|

* Solar Orbiter
* Euclid
* ARIEL
* EnVision
* CHEOPS
* JUICE
* ATHENA
* LISA
* Comet Interceptor
* SMILE

EU Space Programme|

* Western European Union Satellite Centre (1992–2002)
* EU Satellite Centre (2002–)
* EU/ESA Space Council
* EU Commission DG Defence Industry and Space
* European GNSS Supervisory Authority (2004–2010)
* European GNSS Agency (2010–2021)
* EU Agency for the Space Programme (2021–)
* Galileo programme
* Copernicus programme
* EGNOS programme
* EUSST programme
* Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications
* European Union Aviation Safety Agency
* European Network of Civil Aviation Safety Investigation Authorities
* European Defence Agency
* Europe by Satellite

Other European
initiatives and bodies|

* AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of Europe
* Eurospace
* Eurocontrol
* Council of Europe
* Council of European Aerospace Societies
* European Broadcasting Union
* European Civil Aviation Conference
* European Committee for Standardization/European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
* European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations
* European Telecommunications Standards Institute
* European Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment
* European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites
* European Patent Organisation
* European Patent Office
* European Telecommunications Satellite Organization
* European Southern Observatory
* Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

Indian space policy|

* Department of Space
* Indian Human Spaceflight Programme
* Space Activities Bill
* Indian ASAT programme
* Mission Shakti

British
space programme|

* Creation of the British National Committee for Space Research (1958)
* Start of the Ariel programme (1962)
* Black Arrow launcher (1964–1971)
* Creation of the British National Space Centre (1985)
* Outer Space Act 1986
* Project Juno (1991)
* Space Innovation and Growth Team (2009–2010)
* Creation of the UK Space Agency (2010)
* Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015
* Space Industry Act 2018
* UK Global Navigation Satellite System (2018–2020)
* 2021 Integrated Review
* Defence in a Competitive Age

US space policy|

| Truman
space policy|

* Operation Paperclip
* list of scientists
* Aerobee rocket program
* RAND
* Establishment of Cape Canaveral

|

Eisenhower
space policy|

* WS-117L
* Project Vanguard
* Sputnik crisis
* Introduction to Outer Space
* 1958 NASA Act
* Space Act Agreement
* Cancellation of Man in Space Soonest
* Launch of Project Mercury
* Missile gap
* Launch of X-15 program

Kennedy
space policy|

* Launch of the Mariner program
* Launch of the Gemini project
* Launch of the Apollo program
* "We choose to go to the Moon"

Johnson
space policy|

* 1967 Outer Space Treaty

Nixon
space policy|

* Moon landing
* Extra-Terrestrial Exposure Law
* Launch of the Space Shuttle Program
* Skylab

Ford
space policy|

* Apollo–Soyuz
* Launch of the Viking program

Carter
space policy|

Reagan
space policy|

* Citizens' Advisory Council
* Strategy of Technology doctrine
* Strategic Defense Initiative
* Space Station Freedom proposal
* 1984 Space Act
* 1985 anti-satellite missile test
* Space Shuttle Challenger disaster
* Rogers Report
* Ride Report

George H. W. Bush
space policy|

* Space Exploration Initiative
* 1990 Augustine Committee
* Hubble Space Telescope
* National Space Council

Clinton
space policy|

* Faster, better, cheaper
* Gore–Chernomyrdin Commission
* ISS
* Shuttle–Mir program
* ISS programme
* Politics
* Launch of the Mars Exploration Program
* 1998 Space Act
* Decadal Planning Team
* Launch of the X-37 program

George W. Bush
space policy|

* Aerospace Industry Commission
* 2002 National missile defense directive
* Space Shuttle Columbia disaster
* Vision for Space Exploration
* Aldridge Commission
* ESAS
* 2005 NASA Act
* Launch of the Constellation program
* Operation Burnt Frost

Obama
space policy|

* 2009 Augustine Committee
* Kennedy Space Center speech
* Cancellation of the Constellation program
* Launch of the Space Launch System program
* Redesign of the Orion program
* Flexible path
* Mars Exploration Joint Initiative
* 2010 NASA Act
* Title 51
* Space Shuttle retirement
* Development of the Commercial Crew Program
* 2014 NASA Act
* 2015 Space Act

First Trump
space policy|

* Re-establishment of the National Space Council
* Creation of the Space Force
* Launch of the Artemis program
* Launch of the Lunar Gateway project
* Executive Order 13959

* China exclusion policy of NASA
* International Traffic in Arms Regulations
* Full-spectrum dominance doctrine
* Budget of NASA
* House Committee on Space
* NESDIS
* Office of Space Commerce
* FCC
* FAA/AST
* NRO
* IEEE
* Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society
* Antennas & Propagation Society
* Broadcast Technology Society
* Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society
* Vehicular Technology Society

USSR and Russia|

| Soviet
space
program|

| Stalin|

* Operation Osoaviakhim (1946)
* list of scientists

|

Khrushchev|

* Sputnik program
* Sputnik crisis (1957)
* Vostok program (1960–1963)
* Fractional Orbital Bombardment System (1960–1982)
* Soviet crewed lunar programs (1961–1976)
* Voskhod program (1964–1966)

Brezhnev|

* Soyuz program (1967–)
* Interkosmos (1967–1991)
* Salyut program (1971–1986)
* Almaz (1973–1977)
* Buran program (1974–1993)
* Apollo–Soyuz (1975)

Gorbachev|

* Mir (1986–2001)

Roscosmos|

| Yeltsin|

* Gore–Chernomyrdin Commission
* ISS (1993–)
* Shuttle–Mir program
* ISS programme
* Politics

|

Medvedev|

* Medvedev modernisation programme
* 2010 Military doctrine

Putin|

* United Rocket and Space Corporation (2013–2015)
* 2014 Military doctrine
* 2015 Creation of Roscosmos
* Mars
* MARS-500 study
* ExoMars

Other policies|

* Australian space program
* Brazilian space program
* Emirati space program
* Japanese space program
* Kazakh space program
* Kenyan space program
* Lebanese space program
* North Korean space program
* Pakistani space program
* Space programme 2040
* Philippine space program
* South Korean space program
* Ugandan space initiatives
* International Space Station programme
* Politics of the International Space Station

United Nations|

* International Civil Aviation Organization
* ITU-R
* Office for Outer Space Affairs
* UN-SPIDER
* Space Generation Advisory Council
* Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space
* General Assembly Fourth Committee

Other intergovernmental
or inter-agency bodies|

* African Space Agency
* Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
* Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
* Committee on Space Research
* International Planetary Data Alliance
* International Cospas-Sarsat Programme
* Group on Earth Observations
* Global Standards Collaboration
* Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee
* International Charter 'Space and Major Disasters'
* International Mobile Satellite Organization
* International Space Exploration Coordination Group
* International Space Station Multilateral Coordination Board
* International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
* Intersputnik
* Orbital Debris Co-ordination Working Group
* Regional African Satellite Communication Organization
* Arab Satellite Communications Organization
* Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization

Space law|

* Partial Test Ban Treaty (1963)
* Outer Space Treaty (1967)
* Rescue Agreement (1968)
* Space Liability Convention (1972)
* US-USSR Cooperation Agreement (1972)
* Satellite Convention (1974)
* Registration Convention (1975)
* Bogota Declaration (1976)
* Moon Treaty (1979)
* Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space (1981)
* International Cospas-Sarsat Programme Agreement (1988)
* International Space Station Intergovernmental Agreement (1998)
* International Docking System Standard
* International Charter 'Space and Major Disasters' (1999)
* Cape Town Treaty, Space Assets protocol (2012)
* Artemis Accords (2020)
* Space jurisdiction
* Common heritage of mankind
* Extraterrestrial real estate
* Astronomical naming conventions
* ITU Radio Regulations
* CCSDS standards
* ODCWG standards
* CEOS standards
* COSPAR standards
* International Designator
* IPDA standards
* GSC standards
* GEO standards
* ISECG standards
* Various conventions, treaties, agreements, memorandums, charters or declarations establishing and governing intergovernmental organisations or inter-agency bodies dealing with space affairs

Commercial use|

* Space industry
* India
* Russia
* United Kingdom
* United States
* Private spaceflight
* Launch market competition
* Space tourism
* Space advertising
* Space technology
* Space-based economy
* Space trade
* Space manufacturing
* Lunar resources
* Project Harvest Moon
* Asteroid mining

Militarisation|

| Space forces,
units and formations|

* Space forces
* Australia
* Brazil
* Canada
* China
* Colombia
* France
* Germany
* Iran
* AJA
* IRGC
* Israel
* Japan
* Netherlands
* New Zealand
* North Korea
* Pakistan
* Russia
* South Korea
* Spain
* Thailand
* Turkey
* United Kingdom
* United States
* History
* Structure
* Vietnam
* Ranks and insignia
* Space commands
* France
* India
* Italy
* NATO
* NORAD
* United Kingdom
* United States

|

Space warfare|

* Space domain awareness
* Space weapon
* Anti-satellite weapon
* China
* India
* Russia
* United States
* Kinetic bombardment
* Kill vehicle
* Missile defense
* Military satellite
* Reconnaissance satellite
* Spaceplane
* Satellite jamming

Space advocacy|

* Air & Space Forces Association
* Alliance for Space Development
* National Space Society
* Space Frontier Foundation
* Mars Society
* Moon Society
* Students for the Exploration and Development of Space
* Arthur C. Clarke Institute for Modern Technologies
* British Interplanetary Society
* Coalition for Deep Space Exploration
* International Academy of Astronautics
* International Astronautical Federation
* International Astronomical Union
* Lunar Explorers Society
* Space Exploration Alliance
* Space Fellowship
* Space Force Association
* Space Foundation
* The Planetary Society

* v
* t
* e

Public-sector space agencies

Africa|

| Pan-African
and pan-Arab|

* RASCOM
* Arabsat

|

National|

* ASAL
* EgSA
* NARSS
* ESSTI
* GSSTC
* KSA
* NASRDA
* SANSA

Americas|

| North America|

* CSA
* NASA
* NESDIS
* OSC
* FAA/AST
* FCC
* USSF
* USSPACECOM
* NRO

|

Latin America
and the Caribbean|

* ALCE
* AEM
* CONAE
* ABE
* AEB
* DCTA
* INPE
* ITA
* CCE
* ABAE
* IVIC

Asia|

| Pan-Asian|

* APSCO

|

Central Asia|

* KazCosmos1
* Roscosmos1
* SRI
* VK
* TNSA1

East Asia|

* CNSA
* SASTIND
* CASC
* CALT
* CAST
* CCF
* CGWIC
* PLAASF
* CASIC
* JAXA
* ISAS
* JSS
* NICT
* NATA
* KASA
* KARI
* KASI
* SaTReC
* TASA

South Asia|

* SPARRSO
* ISRO2
* Antrix Corp
* DoS
* NRSC
* NSIL
* DSA
* SUPARCO

Southeast Asia|

* BRIN
* ORPA
* INASA
* MYSA
* PhilSA
* SSTL
* GISTDA
* VNSC

West Asia|

* ArmCosmos1
* MAKA1
* NSSA
* NEHSA
* ISA
* ISRC
* ISA
* NCSR
* SSA
* KACST-SRI
* SSA2
* GORS
* TUA
* TÜBİTAK UZAY
* UAESA (MBRSC)

Europe|

| Pan-European|

* CEN/CENELEC
* CEPT
* ETSI
* Eurocontrol
* ECAC
* ESA
* ECSS
* ESTEC
* EAC
* ESRIN
* ECSAT
* ESAC
* ESOC
* ESTRACK
* Guiana Space Centre
* EUMETSAT
* EUTELSAT IGO
* ESO

|

EU and EEA|

* DG DEFIS
* EUSPA
* EU SatCen
* EASA
* BEREC
* ALR2
* BELSPO
* BIRA-IASB
* SRTI2
* CSO2
* DTU Space
* ESO1
* CNES2
* AAE
* CdE
* DLR2
* HSA
* HSO2
* ASI
* LSA
* LSO1
* SRON
* NSO
* NOSA
* POLSA2
* CBK PAN
* UKE
* KRRiT
* ORO
* ULC
* PTSPACE
* ROSA2
* INTA
* AEC
* EAE
* AEE
* SNSA

Other|

* ArmCosmos1
* MAKA1
* BSA1
* KazCosmos1
* Roscosmos1
* SRI
* VVKO
* SSO
* TUA
* TÜBİTAK UZAY
* SSAU1
* UKSA2

Oceania|

* ASA
* CSIRO
* NZSA

World|

* CCSDS
* CEOS
* COSPAR
* IPDA
* Cospas-Sarsat
* GEO
* GSC
* IADC
* ICSMD
* IMSO
* ISECG
* ISS MCB
* ITSO
* Intersputnik
* ODCWG
* ITU-R
* UNCOPUOS
* UNOOSA
* UNOSAT

Former|

* BNSC
* KCST
* INCOSPAR
* LAPAN
* NAL
* NASDA
* SSP
* MOM
* Interkosmos

* See also: Timeline of first orbital launches by country
* 1 Preceded by the Soviet space program
* 2 Preceded by Interkosmos participation

* v
* t
* e

Spaceflight

General|

* Astrodynamics
* History
* Timeline
* Space Race
* Asian Space Race
* Records
* Accidents and incidents
* Space policy
* Australia
* China
* European Union
* India
* Japan
* Russia
* Soviet Union
* United States
* Space law
* Outer Space Treaty
* Rescue Agreement
* Space Liability Convention
* Registration Convention
* Moon Treaty
* Private spaceflight

Applications|

* Astronomy
* Earth observation
* Archaeology
* Imagery and mapping
* Reconnaissance
* Weather and environment monitoring
* Satellite communications
* Internet
* Radio
* Telephone
* Television
* Satellite navigation
* Commercial use of space
* Space launch market competition
* Militarisation of space
* Space architecture
* Space exploration
* Space research
* Space technology
* Space weather

Human spaceflight|

| General|

* Astronaut
* commercial
* Life support system
* Animals in space
* Bioastronautics
* Space suit
* Extravehicular activity
* Weightlessness
* Space toilet
* Space tourism
* Space colonization

|

Programs|

* Vostok
* Mercury
* Voskhod
* Gemini
* Soyuz
* Apollo
* Skylab
* Apollo–Soyuz
* Space Shuttle
* Mir
* Shuttle–Mir
* International Space Station
* Shenzhou
* Tiangong

Health issues|

* Effect of spaceflight on the human body
* Space adaptation syndrome
* Health threat from cosmic rays
* Space psychology
* Psychological and sociological effects
* Space and survival
* Space medicine
* Space nursing

Spacecraft|

* Launch vehicle
* Rocket
* Spaceplane
* Robotic spacecraft
* Satellite
* Space probe
* Lander
* Rover
* Self-replicating spacecraft
* Space telescope
* Spacecraft propulsion
* Rocket engine
* Electric propulsion
* Solar sail
* Gravity assist

Destinations|

* Sub-orbital
* Orbital
* Geocentric
* Geosynchronous
* Interplanetary
* Interstellar
* Intergalactic

Space launch|

* Direct ascent
* Escape velocity
* Expendable and reusable launch systems
* Launch pad
* Non-rocket spacelaunch
* Spaceport

Ground segment|

* Flight controller
* Ground station
* Pass
* Mission control center

Space agencies|

* CoNAE
* ASA
* AEB
* CSA
* CNSA
* ESA
* CNES
* DLR
* ISRO
* LAPAN
* ISA
* ISA
* ASI
* AEM
* JAXA
* NADA
* KARI
* SUPARCO
* Roscosmos
* SNSA
* SSAU
* UKSA
* NASA

* Category
* Portal
* WikiProject

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space industry of India. Read more

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