List of IOMMU-supporting hardware

Short description: none

This article contains a list of virtualization-capable IOMMU-supporting hardware.

## Contents

* 1 Intel based
* 1.1 CPUs
* 1.1.1 Server
* 1.1.2 Desktop
* 1.2 Motherboards
* 1.2.1 Intel
* 1.2.2 Gigabyte
* 1.2.3 ASRock
* 1.2.4 Asus
* 1.2.5 MSI
* 1.3 Chipset
* 2 AMD based
* 2.1 CPUs
* 2.1.1 Desktop
* 2.1.2 Server
* 2.2 Motherboards
* 2.3 Chipset
* 3 Tested graphics card
* 3.1 AMD
* 3.2 Nvidia
* 4 References

## Intel based

List of Intel and Intel-based hardware that supports VT-d (Intel Virtualization Technology for Directed I/O).[1]

### CPUs

#### Server

The vast majority of Intel server chips of the Xeon E3, Xeon E5, and Xeon E7 product lines support VT-d.

The first—and least powerful—Xeon to support VT-d was the E5502 launched Q1'09 with two cores at 1.86 GHz on a 45 nm process.[2] Many or most Xeons subsequent to this support VT-d.

See Advanced Search: feature=VT-d and segment=server for the full list.

#### Desktop

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

CPU[1] | Microarch-
itecture  | Cores/
threads  | Clock speed (base/turbo)  | Cache  | Litho-
graphy  | Max.
TDP  | Integrated Graphics  | Max. memory
size  | EPT | Works on

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

QEMU-KVM  | Xen  | VMware ESXi
Core2 Quad Q9400[lower-alpha 1][3] | Yorkfield | 4 / 4  | 2.66 GHz | 6 MB L2 | 45 nm  | 95 W | No[lower-alpha 2] | Unknown  | No  | Unknown  | Unknown  | Unknown
Core2 Quad CPU Q9650[lower-alpha 1] | Yorkfield | 4 / 4  | 3.0 GHz | 12 MB L2 | 45 nm  | 95 W | No[lower-alpha 2] | Unknown  | No  | Unknown  | Unknown  | Unknown
Core2 Duo E8500[lower-alpha 1][4] | Penryn | 2 / 2 | 3.17 GHz | 6 MB | 45 nm | 65 W | No[lower-alpha 2] | 16 GB | No | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i7 860[lower-alpha 3][5] | Nehalem | 4 / 8 | 2.80 / 3.46 GHz | 8 MB | 45 nm | 95 W | No[lower-alpha 2] | 16 GB | Yes | 1.0.1[6] | Unknown | Unknown
Core i7 870[lower-alpha 3][7] | Nehalem | 4 / 8  | 2.93 / 3.60 GHz | 8 MB | 45 nm  | 95 W | No [lower-alpha 2] | 16 GB | Yes  | Unknown  | Unknown  | Unknown
Core i7 920 XM[lower-alpha 3][8] | Nehalem | 4 / 8 | 2.66 / 2.93 GHz | 8 MB | 45 nm | 130 W | No[lower-alpha 2] | 24 GB | Yes | 1.0.1[6] | Unknown | Unknown
Core i7 920[lower-alpha 3] | Nehalem | 4 / 8 | 2.67 GHz | 8 MB | 45 nm | 130 W | No[lower-alpha 2] | 24 GB | Yes | 1.0.1[6] | Unknown | Unknown
Core i3 2115C[lower-alpha 4][9] | Sandy Bridge | 2 / 4 | 2 GHz | 3 MB | 32 nm | 25 W | No[lower-alpha 2] | 32 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i5 2400[lower-alpha 4][10] | Sandy Bridge | 4 / 4 | 3.1 / 3.4 GHz | 6 MB | 32 nm | 95 W | HD Graphics 2000[lower-alpha 5][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | 1.0.1[11] | Unknown | 5[12]
Core i5 2400S[lower-alpha 4][13] | Sandy Bridge | 4 / 4 | 2.5 / 3.3 GHz | 6 MB | 32 nm | 65 W | HD Graphics 2000}[lower-alpha 5][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i5 2500[lower-alpha 4][14] | Sandy Bridge | 4 / 4 | 3.3 / 3.7 GHz | 6 MB | 32 nm | 95 W | HD Graphics 2000[lower-alpha 5][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | 5.5
Core i5 2500S[lower-alpha 4][15] | Sandy Bridge | 4 / 4 | 2.7 / 3.7 GHz | 6 MB | 32 nm | 65 W | HD Graphics 2000[lower-alpha 5][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i5 2500T[lower-alpha 4][16] | Sandy Bridge | 4 / 4 | 2.3 / 3.3 GHz | 6 MB | 32 nm | 45 W | HD Graphics 2000[lower-alpha 5][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i7 2600[lower-alpha 4][17] | Sandy Bridge | 4 / 8 | 3.4 / 3.8 GHz | 8 MB | 32 nm | 95 W | HD Graphics 2000[lower-alpha 5][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | 1.0.1 | Unknown | 4.1 5[18]
Core i7 2600S[lower-alpha 4][19] | Sandy Bridge | 4 / 8 | 2.8 / 3.8 GHz | 8 MB | 32 nm | 65 W | HD Graphics 2000[lower-alpha 5][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i5 3470[lower-alpha 4][20] | Ivy Bridge | 4 / 4 | 3.2 / 3.6 GHz | 6 MB | 22 nm | 77 W | HD Graphics 2500[lower-alpha 7][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i5 3470S[lower-alpha 4][21] | Ivy Bridge | 4 / 4 | 2.9 / 3.6 GHz | 6 MB | 22 nm | 65 W | HD Graphics 2500[lower-alpha 7][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i5 3470T[lower-alpha 4][22] | Ivy Bridge | 2 / 4 | 2.9 / 3.6 GHz | 6 MB | 22 nm | 35 W | HD Graphics 2500[lower-alpha 7][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i5 3475S[lower-alpha 4][23] | Ivy Bridge | 4 / 4 | 2.9 / 3.6 GHz | 6 MB | 22 nm | 65 W | HD Graphics 4000[lower-alpha 7][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i5 3550[lower-alpha 4][24] | Ivy Bridge | 4 / 4 | 3.3 / 3.7 GHz | 6 MB | 22 nm | 77 W | HD Graphics 2500[lower-alpha 7][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i5 3550S[lower-alpha 4][24] | Ivy Bridge | 4 / 4 | 3 / 3.7 GHz | 6 MB | 22 nm | 65 W | HD Graphics 2500[lower-alpha 7][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i5 3570[lower-alpha 4][25] | Ivy Bridge | 4 / 4 | 3.4 / 3.8 GHz | 6 MB | 22 nm | 77 W | HD Graphics 2500[lower-alpha 7][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i5 3570S[lower-alpha 4][26] | Ivy Bridge | 4 / 4 | 3.1 / 3.8 GHz | 6 MB | 22 nm | 65 W | HD Graphics 2500[lower-alpha 7][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i5 3570T[lower-alpha 4][27] | Ivy Bridge | 4 / 4 | 2.3 / 3.3 GHz | 6 MB | 22 nm | 45 W | HD Graphics 2500[lower-alpha 7][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i7 3770[lower-alpha 4][28] | Ivy Bridge | 4 / 8 | 3.4 / 3.9 GHz | 8 MB | 22 nm | 77 W | HD Graphics 4000[lower-alpha 7][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | 2.5.0 | Unknown | 6.5
Core i7 3770S[lower-alpha 4][29] | Ivy Bridge | 4 / 8 | 3.1 / 3.9 GHz | 8 MB | 22 nm | 65 W | HD Graphics 4000[lower-alpha 7][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | Yes | Unknown | 5.1
Core i7 3770T[lower-alpha 4][30] | Ivy Bridge | 4 / 8 | 2.5 / 3.7 GHz | 8 MB | 22 nm | 45 W | HD Graphics 4000[lower-alpha 7][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i7 3820[lower-alpha 4][31] | Sandy Bridge | 4 / 8 | 3.6 / 3.8 GHz | 10 MB | 32 nm | 130 W | No[lower-alpha 2] | 64 GB | Yes | 1.0.1 | Unknown | Unknown
Core i7 3930K[lower-alpha 4][32] | Sandy Bridge | 6 / 12 | 3.2 / 3.8 GHz | 12 MB | 32 nm | 130 W | No[lower-alpha 2] | 64 GB | Yes | Unknown | 4.1.2 and 4.3*[33] | Unknown
Core i7 3960X[lower-alpha 4][34] | Sandy Bridge | 6 / 12 | 3.3 / 3.9 GHz | 15 MB | 32 nm | 130 W | No[lower-alpha 2] | 64 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i5 4460[lower-alpha 8][35] | Haswell | 4 / 4 | 3.2 / 3.4 GHz | 6 MB | 22 nm | 84 W | HD Graphics 4600[lower-alpha 9][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i5 4570[lower-alpha 8][36] | Haswell | 4 / 4 | 3.2 / 3.6 GHz | 6 MB | 22 nm | 84 W | HD Graphics 4600[lower-alpha 9][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | Yes | Unknown | 5.5
Core i5 4590[lower-alpha 8][37] | Haswell | 4 / 4 | 3.3 / 3.7 GHz | 6 MB | 22 nm | 84 W | HD Graphics 4600[lower-alpha 9][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | Yes | Unknown | Unknown
Core i5 4670[lower-alpha 8][38] | Haswell | 4 / 4 | 3.4 / 3.8 GHz | 6 MB | 22 nm | 84 W | HD Graphics 4600[lower-alpha 9][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i5 4690[lower-alpha 8][39] | Devil's Canyon | 4 / 4 | 3.5 / 3.9 GHz | 6 MB | 22 nm | 88 W | HD Graphics 4600[lower-alpha 9][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i5 4690K[lower-alpha 8][40] | Devil's Canyon | 4 / 4 | 3.5 / 3.9 GHz | 6 MB | 22 nm | 88 W | HD Graphics 4600[lower-alpha 9][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | Yes | Unknown | Unknown
Core i5 4690S[lower-alpha 8][41] | Devil's Canyon | 4 / 4 | 3.2 / 3.9 GHz | 6 MB | 22 nm | 65 W | HD Graphics 4600[lower-alpha 9][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i7 4765T[lower-alpha 8][42] | Haswell | 4 / 8 | 3.4 / 3.9 GHz | 8 MB | 22 nm | 84 W | HD Graphics 4600[lower-alpha 9][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i7 4770[lower-alpha 8][43] | Haswell | 4 / 8 | 3.4 / 3.9 GHz | 8 MB | 22 nm | 84 W | HD Graphics 4600[lower-alpha 9][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | 2.5.1 | Unknown | 5.5
Core i7 4770R[lower-alpha 8][44] | Haswell | 4 / 8 | 3.2 / 3.9 GHz | 6 MB | 22 nm | 65 W | Iris Pro Graphics 5200[lower-alpha 9][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i7 4770S[lower-alpha 8][45] | Haswell | 4 / 8 | 3.1 / 3.9 GHz | 8 MB | 22 nm | 65 W | HD Graphics 4600[lower-alpha 9][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i7 4770T[lower-alpha 8][46] | Haswell | 4 / 8 | 2.5 / 3.7 GHz | 8 MB | 22 nm | 45 W | HD Graphics 4600[lower-alpha 9][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i7 4771[lower-alpha 8][47] | Haswell | 4 / 8 | 3.5 / 3.9 GHz | 8 MB | 22 nm | 84 W | HD Graphics 4600[lower-alpha 9][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i7 4790[lower-alpha 8][48] | Devil's Canyon | 4 / 8 | 3,6 / 4.0 GHz | 8 MB | 22 nm | 84 W | HD Graphics 4600[lower-alpha 9][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | 2.1.0 | 4.2.4 | Unknown
Core i7 4790S[lower-alpha 8][49] | Devil's Canyon | 4 / 8 | 3.2 / 4.0 GHz | 8 MB | 22 nm | 65 W | HD Graphics 4600[lower-alpha 9][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i7 4790K[lower-alpha 8][50] | Devil's Canyon | 4 / 8 | 4.0 / 4.4 GHz | 8 MB | 22 nm | 88 W | HD Graphics 4600[lower-alpha 9][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes
Core i7 4820K[lower-alpha 8][51] | Ivy Bridge-E  | 4 / 8  | 3.7 / 3.9 GHz | 10 MB | 22 nm | 130 W | No[lower-alpha 2] | 64 GB | Yes | 2.11.1 | Unknown | Unknown
Core i7 4960X[lower-alpha 8][52] | Ivy Bridge | 6 / 12 | 4.0 GHz | 15 MB | 22 nm | 130 W | No[lower-alpha 2] | 64 GB | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i5 5200U[lower-alpha 8][53] | Broadwell | 2 / 4 | 2.2 / 2.7 GHz | 3 MB | 14 nm | 15 W | HD Graphics 5500[lower-alpha 10][lower-alpha 6] | 16 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i7 5500U[lower-alpha 8][54] | Broadwell | 2 / 4 | 2.4 / 3.0 GHz | 16 MB | 14 nm | 7.5 W | HD Graphics 5500[lower-alpha 10][lower-alpha 6] | 16 GB | Yes | 2.1.0 | 4.2.4 | 4.4.0
Core i7 5820K[lower-alpha 8][55] | Haswell | 6 / 12 | 3.3 / 3.6 GHz | 15 MB | 22 nm | 140 W | No[lower-alpha 2] | 64 GB | Yes | 2.5.0 | Unknown | Unknown
Core i7 5930K[lower-alpha 8][56] | Haswell | 6 / 12 | 3.5 / 3.7 GHz | 15 MB | 22 nm | 140 W | No[lower-alpha 2] | 64 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i7 5960X[lower-alpha 8][57] | Haswell | 8 / 16 | 3.0 / 3.5 GHz | 20 MB | 22 nm | 140 W | No[lower-alpha 2] | 64 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i5 6500T[lower-alpha 11][58] | Skylake | 4 / 4 | 2.5 / 3.1 GHz | 6 MB | 14 nm | 35 W | HD Graphics 530[lower-alpha 12][lower-alpha 6] | 64 GB | Yes | Yes | Unknown | Unknown
Core i5 6600K[lower-alpha 11][59] | Skylake | 4 / 4 | 3.5 / 3.9 GHz | 6 MB | 14 nm | 91 W | HD Graphics 530[lower-alpha 12][lower-alpha 6] | 64 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i7 6700K[lower-alpha 11][60] | Skylake | 4 / 8 | 4.0 / 4.2 GHz | 8 MB | 14 nm | 91 W | HD Graphics 530[lower-alpha 12][lower-alpha 6] | 64 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i7 6800K[lower-alpha 8][61] | Broadwell-E | 6 / 12 | 3.4 / 3.8 GHz | 15 MB | 14 nm | 140 W | No[lower-alpha 2] | 128 GB | Yes | Yes | Unknown | Unknown
Core i3 7100U[lower-alpha 13][62] | Kaby Lake | 2 / 4 | 2.4 GHz | 3 MB | 14 nm | 15 W | HD Graphics 620[lower-alpha 14][lower-alpha 6] | 32 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i5 7600K[lower-alpha 13][63] | Kaby Lake | 4 / 4 | 3.8 / 4.2 GHz | 6 MB | 14 nm | 91 W | HD Graphics 630[lower-alpha 14][lower-alpha 6] | 64 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i7 7700K[lower-alpha 13][64] | Kaby Lake | 4 / 8 | 4.2 / 4.5 GHz | 8 MB | 14 nm | 91 W | HD Graphics 630[lower-alpha 14][lower-alpha 6] | 64 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i3 8100[lower-alpha 15][65] | Coffee Lake | 4 / 4 | 3.6 / 3.6 GHz | 6 MB | 14 nm | 65 W | UHD Graphics 630[lower-alpha 14][lower-alpha 6] | 64 GB | Yes | Yes | Unknown | Unknown
Core i7 8700K[lower-alpha 15][66] | Coffee Lake | 6 / 12 | 3.7 / 4.7 GHz | 12 MB | 14 nm | 95 W | UHD Graphics 630[lower-alpha 14][lower-alpha 6] | 64 GB | Yes | 2.10.1-1 | Unknown | Unknown
Core i7 8750H[lower-alpha 15][67] | Coffee Lake | 6 / 12 | 2.2 / 4.1 GHz | 9 MB | 14 nm | 45 W | UHD Graphics 630[lower-alpha 14][lower-alpha 6] | 64 GB | Yes | Yes | No | Yes
Core i7 8086K[lower-alpha 15][68] | Coffee Lake | 6 / 12 | 4.0 / 5.0 GHz | 12 MB | 14 nm | 95 W | UHD Graphics 630[lower-alpha 14][lower-alpha 6] | 128 GB | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Core i7 8700[lower-alpha 15][69] | Coffee Lake  | 6 / 12  | 3.2 / 4.6 GHz | 12 MB | 14 nm | 65 W | UHD Graphics 630[lower-alpha 14][lower-alpha 6] | 64 GB | Yes  | Unknown  | Unknown  | Unknown
Core i3 9100[lower-alpha 15][70] | Coffee Lake  | 4 / 4  | 3.6 / 4.2 GHz | 6 MB | 14 nm | 65 W | UHD Graphics 630[lower-alpha 14][lower-alpha 6] | 64 GB | Yes  | Unknown  | Unknown  | Unknown
Core i7 9750H[lower-alpha 15][71] | Coffee Lake  | 6 / 12  | 2.6 / 4.5 GHz | 12 MB | 14 nm | 45 W | UHD Graphics 630[lower-alpha 14][lower-alpha 6] | 64 GB | Yes  | Unknown  | Yes  | Unknown
Core i7 9850HK ES (QQLT)[lower-alpha 15] | Coffee Lake  | 6 / 12  | 2.4 / 4.1 GHz | 12 MB | 14 nm | 45 W | UHD Graphics 630[lower-alpha 14][lower-alpha 6] | 64 GB | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes
CPU[1] | Microarch-
itecture  | Cores/
threads  | Clock speed (base/turbo)  | Cache  | Litho-
graphy  | Max.
TDP  | Integrated graphics  | Max. memory
size  | EPT | Works on
QEMU-KVM  | Xen  | VMware ESXi

* VT-d on i7 3930K and i7 3960X only works on C2 stepping.

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 No longer supported. Not supported by Windows 11. No SSE4.2. No AVX at all. No AMX. No XDNA. UHD Blu-ray playback not supported.
2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 Lacks hardware video codec.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 No longer supported. Not supported by Windows 11. No AVX at all. No AMX. No XDNA. UHD Blu-ray playback not supported.
4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 4.22 No longer supported. Not supported by Windows 11. No AVX2. No AVX-512. No AMX. No XDNA. UHD Blu-ray playback not supported.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Lacks MPEG-1, H.262 and VC-1 hardware encoders, and JPEG, H.263, H.265, H.266, AVS1, AVS+, AVS2, AVS3, VP8, VP9 and AV1 hardware codecs.
6. ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 6.17 6.18 6.19 6.20 6.21 6.22 6.23 6.24 6.25 6.26 6.27 6.28 6.29 6.30 6.31 6.32 6.33 6.34 6.35 6.36 6.37 6.38 6.39 6.40 6.41 6.42 6.43 6.44 6.45 6.46 6.47 6.48 6.49 6.50 Lacks HDCP 2.3.
7. ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 Lacks MPEG-1 and VC-1 hardware encoders and JPEG, H.263, H.265, H.266, AVS1, AVS+, AVS2, AVS3, VP8, VP9 and AV1 hardware codecs.
8. ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 8.14 8.15 8.16 8.17 8.18 8.19 8.20 8.21 8.22 8.23 No longer supported. Not supported by Windows 11. No AVX-512. No AMX. No XDNA. UHD Blu-ray playback not supported.
9. ↑ 9.00 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 9.08 9.09 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 9.14 9.15 Lacks MPEG-1, VC-1 and H.265 hardware encoders, and H.263, H.266, AVS1, AVS+, AVS2, AVS3, VP8, VP9 and AV1 hardware codecs.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Lacks MPEG-1, VC-1, H.265, VP8 and VP9 hardware encoders, and H.263, H.266, AVS1, AVS+, AVS2, AVS3, and AV1 hardware codecs.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Not supported by Windows 11. Legacy support for the iGPU. No AVX-512. No AMX. No XDNA. UHD Blu-ray playback not supported.
12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Lacks MPEG-1, VC-1 and VP9 hardware encoders, and H.263, H.266, AVS1, AVS+, AVS2, AVS3, and AV1 hardware codecs.
13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Not supported by Windows 11. Legacy support for the iGPU. No AVX-512. No AMX. No XDNA.
14. ↑ 14.00 14.01 14.02 14.03 14.04 14.05 14.06 14.07 14.08 14.09 14.10 Lacks MPEG-1 and VC-1 hardware encoders and H.263, H.266, AVS1, AVS+, AVS2, AVS3, and AV1 hardware codecs.
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 15.7 Legacy support for the iGPU. No AVX-512. No AMX. No XDNA.

### Motherboards

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

#### Intel

Board  | Chipset  | Memory  | NIC | SATA
Ports  | PCI  | PCIe  | Works on

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Max. (GB)  | Slots  | Type  | mini  | ×1  | ×4  | ×8  | ×16  | QEMU-KVM  | Xen  | VMware ESXi
DX58SO[lower-alpha 1][72] | X58 | 16 | 4 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 6×2.0 | 2 | No | 2×2.0 | 1×2.0 | No | 2×2.0 | 1.0.1[6] | Unknown | Unknown
DQ67SW[lower-alpha 1][73] | Q67 | 32 | 4 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 2×3.0 2×2.0 | 2 | No | 1×2.0 | 1×2.0 | No | 1×2.0 | 1.0.1[11] | Unknown | 5
Board  | Chipset  | Memory  | NIC | SATA
Ports  | PCI  | PCIe  | Works on
Max. (GB)  | Slots  | Type  | mini  | ×1  | ×4  | ×8  | ×16  | QEMU-KVM  | Xen  | VMware ESXi

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Not supported by Windows 11.

#### Gigabyte

Board  | Chipset  | Memory  | NIC | SATA
Ports  | PCI  | PCIe  | Works on

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Max. (GB)  | Slots  | Type  | mini  | ×1  | ×4  | ×8  | ×16  | QEMU-KVM  | Xen  | VMware ESXi
P55M-UD4[lower-alpha 1] | P55 | 16 | 4 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 8×2.0 | 1 | No | No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1.2.5 | Unknown | Unknown
Z77P-D3[lower-alpha 1] | Z77 | 32 | 4 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 2×3.0 | 2 | Yes | 1 | 1 | No | 1 | 2.5.0 | Unknown | Unknown
Z87X-HD3[lower-alpha 1] | Z87 | 32 | 4 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 6×3.0 | 2 | Unknown | 3 | No | 1 | 1 | 1.2.5 | Unknown | Unknown
Z97-UD5H[lower-alpha 1] | Z97 | 32 | 4 | DDR3 | 2× Gigabit | 8×3.0 | 2 | No | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2.4.0 | Unknown | Unknown
Z97X-UD3H-CF[lower-alpha 1] | Z97  | 32  | 4  | DDR3  | 1x Gigabit  | 7x3.0  | 1  |  | 2  | 1  | 1 (ACS patch needed if used)  | 1  | 5.0.0.7  | Unknown  | Unknown
Z490M  | Z490  | 128  | 4  | DDR4  | 1x Gigabit  | 6x3.0  | 0  | 0  | 1  | 1  | 0  | 1  | 4.2.1  | Unknown  | Unknown
Board  | Chipset  | Memory  | NIC | SATA
Ports  | PCI  | PCIe  | Works on
Max. (GB)  | Slots  | Type  | mini  | ×1  | ×4  | ×8  | ×16  | QEMU-KVM  | Xen  | VMware ESXi

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Not supported by Windows 11.

#### ASRock

Board  | Chipset  | Memory  | NIC | SATA
Ports  | PCI  | PCIe  | Works on

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Max. (GB)  | Slots  | Type  | mini  | ×1  | ×4  | ×8  | ×16  | QEMU-KVM  | Xen  | VMware ESXi
Z68 Extreme4[lower-alpha 1][74] | Z68 | 32 | 4 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 4×3.0 4×2.0 | 2 | No | 2×2.0 | 1×2.0 | 1×2.0 | 1×2.0 | Unknown | Unknown | 4.1[18]
Z68 Professional Gen3[lower-alpha 1][75] | Z68 | 32 | 4 | DDR3 | 2× Gigabit | 4×3.0 4×2.0 | 2 | No | 2×2.0 | 1×3.0 | 1×3.0 | 1×3.0 | Unknown | Unknown | 4.1[18]
H77M[lower-alpha 1] | H77  | 16  | 2  | DDR3  | 1× Gigabit | 2×3.0 4×2.0 | 2 | No | No | 1×2.0 | No | 1×3.0 | Yes | Unknown | Unknown
Z77 Pro3[lower-alpha 1][76] | Z77 | 32 | 4 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 2×3.0 4×2.0 | 2 | No | 1×2.0 | 1×2.0 | No | 1×3.0 | Unknown | Unknown | 5[12]
Z77 Extreme6[lower-alpha 1][77] | Z77 | 32 | 4 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 4×3.0 4×2.0 | 2 | 1×2.0 | 1×2.0 | 1×2.0 | 1×3.0 | 1×3.0 | 1.0.1 | Unknown | 5
B85M Pro4[lower-alpha 1][78] | B85 | 32 | 4 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 4×3.0 4×2.0 | 2 | No | No | No | No | 2×3.0 | Yes | Unknown | Unknown
Z87 Extreme6[lower-alpha 1][79] | Z87 | 32 | 4 | DDR3 | 2× Gigabit | 10×3.0 | 2 | 1×2.0 | 1×2.0 | No | No | 3×3.0 | 2.0.1 | 4.2.4 | Unknown
Z97 Extreme4[lower-alpha 1][80] | Z97 | 32 | 4 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 8×3.0 | 0 | Unknown | 3×2.0 | No | No | 3×3.0 | Yes | Unknown | Unknown
z170 extreme4[lower-alpha 1] | Z170  | 64  | 4  | DDR4  | 1× Gigabit | 6×3.0 | 0 | No | 3×2.0 | 1×3.0 | 1×3.0 | 1×3.0 | Yes  | Unknown  | Unknown
Z370M-ITX/ac[81] | Z370 | 32 | 2 | DDR4 | 2× Gigabit | 6×3.0 | 0 | No | No | No | No | 1×3.0 | 2.10.1-1 | Unknown | Unknown
Board  | Chipset  | Memory  | NIC | SATA
Ports  | PCI  | PCIe  | Works on
Max. (GB)  | Slots  | Type  | mini  | ×1  | ×4  | ×8  | ×16  | QEMU-KVM  | Xen  | VMware ESXi

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Not supported by Windows 11.

#### Asus

Board  | Chipset  | Memory  | NIC | SATA
Ports  | PCI  | PCIe  | Works on

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Max. (GB)  | Slots  | Type  | mini  | ×1  | ×4  | ×8  | ×16  | QEMU-KVM  | Xen  | VMware ESXi
Z8NA-D6[lower-alpha 1][82] | 5500 (X58)  | 24/48  | 6  | DDR3  | 2x Gigabit  | 6x2.0  | 1  | No  | No  | No  | 2x2.0 (x4 Link)  | 1x2.0  | Yes  | Unknown  | Unknown
P6T6 WS Revolution[lower-alpha 1][83] | X58  | 24/48 (1)  | 6  | DDR3  | 2× Gigabit  | 6×2.0  | 0  | Unknown  | No  | No  | No  | 6×2.0  | No  | No  | Unknown
P8H77-V[lower-alpha 1] | H77  | 32  | 4  | DDR3  | 1× Gigabit  | 2×3.0 4x2.0  | 0  | No  | 2  |  |  | 2×3.0/2.0 *link for more info | Yes  | Unknown  | Unknown
P8Z77-V LK[lower-alpha 1] | Z77  | 32  | 4  | DDR3  | 1× Gigabit  | 2×3.0 4x2.0  | 2  | No  | 2×2.0  | 1x2.0  | 1x3.0/2.0  | 1x2.0/2.0  | Yes  | Unknown  | Unknown
B85M-G [lower-alpha 1] | B85  | 32  | 4  | DDR3  | 1× Gigabit  | 4×3.0 2x2.0  | 0  | No  | 2x2.0  | No  | No  | 1x3.0/2.0  | Yes  | Unknown  | Unknown
Gryphon z97[lower-alpha 1] | Z97  | 32  | 4  | DDR3  | 1 x Gigabit  | 2x3.0 1x2.0  | 4  | No  |  | 1  |  | 2×3.0/2.0  | Yes  | Unknown  | Unknown
Sabertooth Z97 Mark1[lower-alpha 1] | Z97  | 32  | 4  | DDR3  | 2× Gigabit  | 8×3.0  | 0  | No  | 3  |  |  | 2×3.0/2.0 *link for more info | ACS override patch required  | Unknown  | Unknown
Maximus VII Ranger [lower-alpha 1] | Z97  | 32  | 4  | DDR3  | 1× Gigabit  | 6×3.0  | 0  | 1x2 2.0 M.2 shared PCH  | 3x2.0 2x shared PCH  | 1x2.0 shared PCH  | 1×3.0/2.0 shared CPU  | 1×3.0/2.0 shared CPU  | Yes  | Unknown  | Unknown
Board  | Chipset  | Memory  | NIC | SATA<uvubr />Ports  | PCI  | PCIe  | Works on
Max. (GB)  | Slots  | Type  | mini  | ×1  | ×4  | ×8  | ×16  | QEMU-KVM  | Xen  | VMware ESXi

(1) 48 GB with CPU as xeon x5680 and 8GB DIMMs

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Not supported by Windows 11.

#### MSI

Board  | Chipset  | Memory  | NIC | SATA
Ports  | PCI  | PCIe  | Works on

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Max. (GB)  | Slots  | Type  | mini  | ×1  | ×4  | ×8  | ×16  | QEMU-KVM  | Xen  | VMware ESXi
Z68A-GD80 (B3)[lower-alpha 1][84] | Z68 | 32 | 4 | DDR3 | 2× Gigabit | 4×3.0 4×2.0 | 2 | No | 2×2.0 | 1×2.0 | No | 1×2.0 | Unknown | Unknown | 4.1[18]
X99A XPOWER GAMING TITANIUM[lower-alpha 1][85] | X99A | 128 | 8 | DDR4 | 1× Gigabit | 10×3.0 | No | No | 1×2.0 | No | No | 5×3.0 | Yes | Unknown | Unknown
B150M PRO-VD (MS-7996)[lower-alpha 1][86] | B150 | 32 | 2 | DDR4 | 1× Gigabit | 6×3.0 | No | No | 2×3.0 | No | No | 1×3.0 | Yes | Unknown | Unknown
Z170A SLI PLUS[lower-alpha 1][87] | Z170 | 64 | 4 | DDR4 | 1× Gigabit | 6×3.0 | No | No | 3×3.0 | No | No | 3×3.0 | Yes | Unknown | Unknown
X299 Pro  | X299  | 256  | 8  | DDR4  | 1xGigabit

1x2.5Gigabit

| 6x3.0  | 4  | No  |  |  | 2x3.0  | 2x3.0  | Yes  | Unknown  | Unknown
Board  | Chipset  | Memory  | NIC | SATA
Ports  | PCI  | PCIe  | Works on
Max. (GB)  | Slots  | Type  | mini  | ×1  | ×4  | ×8  | ×16  | QEMU-KVM  | Xen  | VMware ESXi

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Not supported by Windows 11.

### Chipset

* Intel Z490[88][Note 1]
* Intel Z370[89][Note 1]
* Intel Z170[90][Note 1]
* Intel X99[91][Note 1]
* Intel X79[92][Note 1]
* Intel Q170[93][Note 1]
* Intel Q150[94][Note 1]
* Intel Q87[95][Note 1]
* Intel Q77[96][Note 1]
* Intel Q67[97][Note 1]
* Intel Q45[98][Note 1]
* Intel P55[99][Note 1]
* Intel Q35,[100] X38, X48 Q45 [Note 1]
* Intel HM87, QM87, HM86, C222, X99, C612, C226[Note 1]

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 VT-d is inherently supported on these chipsets, but may not be enabled by individual OEMs. Always read the motherboard manual and check for BIOS updates.

## AMD based

List of AMD and AMD-based hardware that supports IOMMU. AMD's implementation of IOMMU is also known as AMD-Vi.[101] Please note that just because a motherboard uses a chipset that supports IOMMU does not mean it is able to and the bios must have an ACPI IVRS table to enable the use of it. At least one Asus board[which?] is known to have faulty BIOSes with corrupt ACPI IVRS tables; for such cases, under Linux, it is possible to specify custom mappings to override the faulty and/or missing BIOS-provided ones through the use of the ivrs_ioapic and ivrs_hpet kernel parameters.[102]

### CPUs

List of AMD-Vi and AMD-RVI capable AMD CPUs.[103] All Ryzen processors so far (1xxx-7xxx) support it.

Codename  | CPUID Family  | CPU/APU Brand Name

|
|

Trinity  | 15h  | AMD A-Series Series of Products (2nd Generation)
Zambezi  | 15h  | AMD FX Series of Products
Llano  | 12h  | AMD A-Series Series of Products
Sargas  | 10h  | AMD Athlon II Series of Products
Champlain  | 10h  | AMD Athlon II Dual-Core Mobile Series of Products
Geneva  | 0Fh  | AMD Athlon II Neo Series of Products
Geneva  | 0Fh  | AMD Athlon II Neo Dual-Core Mobile Series of Products
Geneva  | 0Fh  | AMD Athlon II Neo Mobile Series of Products
Regor  | 10h  | AMD Athlon II X2 Series of Products
Rana  | 10h  | AMD Athlon II X3 Series of Products
Propus  | 10h  | AMD Athlon II X4 Series of Products
Propus  | 10h  | AMD Athlon II XLT Series of Products
Kuma  | 10h  | AMD Athlon X2 Series of Products
Ontario  | 14h  | AMD C-Series Series of Products
Zacate  | 14h  | AMD E-Series Series of Products
Zacate  | 14h  | AMD G-Series Series of Products
Zacate  | 14h  | AMD G-Series Series of Products
Zacate  | 14h  | AMD Phenom II Dual-Core Mobile Series of Products
Zacate  | 14h  | AMD Phenom II Quad-Core Mobile Series of Products
Zacate  | 14h  | AMD Phenom II Triple-Core Mobile Series of Products
Callisto  | 10h  | AMD Phenom II X2 Series of Products
Heka  | 10h  | AMD Phenom II X3 Series of Products
Deneb  | 10h  | AMD Phenom II X4 Series of Products
Zosma  | 10h  | AMD Phenom II X4 Series of Products
Thuban  | 10h  | AMD Phenom II X6 Series of Products
Thuban  | 10h  | AMD Phenom II XLT Series of Products
Toliman  | 10h  | AMD Phenom X3 Series of Products
Agena  | 10h  | AMD Phenom X4 Series of Products
Sargas  | 10h  | AMD Sempron Series of Products
Caspian  | 10h  | AMD Sempron Mobile Series of Products
Regor  | 10h  | AMD Sempron X2 Series of Products
Istanbul  | 10h  | AMD Six-Core Opteron Series of Products
Barcelona  | 10h  | AMD Third Generation Opteron Series of Products
Budapest  | 10h  | AMD Third Generation Opteron Series of Products
Shanghai  | 10h  | AMD Third Generation Opteron Series of Products
Suzuka  | 10h  | AMD Third Generation Opteron Series of Products
Caspian  | 10h  | AMD Turion II Dual-Core Mobile Series of Products
Geneva  | 10h  | AMD Turion II Neo Series of Products
Geneva  | 10h  | AMD Turion II Neo Dual-Core Mobile Series of Products
Champlain  | 10h  | AMD V Series for Notebook PCs Series of Products
Geneva  | 10h  | AMD V Series for Notebook PCs Series of Products

#### Desktop

CPU | Microarchitecture | Cores/threads | Clock (base/max.)  | Cache
L2 / L3 | Lithography | TDP | IGP  | Max. memory
size | RVI | Works on

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

QEMU-KVM  | Xen  | VMware ESXi
AMD Phenom II X6 1055T[lower-alpha 1] | AMD K10 | 6 / 6 | 2.8 / 3.3 GHz | 3 / 6 MB | 45 nm | 125 W | No[lower-alpha 2] | 64 GB | Yes | Yes | Unknown | Unknown
AMD Phenom II X6 1090T[lower-alpha 1] | AMD K10 | 6 / 6 | 3.2 / 3.6 GHz | 3 / 6 MB | 45 nm | 125 W | No[lower-alpha 2] | 64 GB | Yes | Yes | Unknown | Unknown
AMD FX[lower-alpha 3][104] | Bulldozer | 8 / 8 |  |  | 32 nm | 220 W | No[lower-alpha 2] | 64 GB | Yes | Yes | Yes | Unknown
AMD A Series[lower-alpha 4][105] | Piledriver |  |  |  |  |  | Yes[lower-alpha 5][lower-alpha 6] |  | Yes | Yes | Yes | 6.0, 6.5
AMD Ryzen 7 2700x[lower-alpha 7] | Zen+ | 8 / 16  | 3.7 / 4.3 GHz  | 16 MB  | 12 nm  | 105 W  | No[lower-alpha 2] | 128 GB  | Yes  | Yes  | Unknown  | Yes
AMD Ryzen 9 3900x[lower-alpha 7] | Zen 2 | 12/24  | 3.8/4.5

GHz

| 6/64 MB | 7 nm  | 105 W | No[lower-alpha 2] | 128 GB | Yes  | Yes  | Unknown  | Unknown
AMD Ryzen 5 5600x[lower-alpha 7] | Zen 3 | 6/12  | 3.7/4.6

GHz

| 3/32 MB | 7 nm  | 65 W | No[lower-alpha 2] | 128 GB | Yes  | Yes  | Unknown  | Unknown

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Not supported by Windows 11. No SSE4.x. No AVX at all. No AMX. No XDNA. UHD Blu-ray playback not supported.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Lacks hardware video codec.
3. ↑ Not supported by Windows 11. No AVX2. No AVX-512. No AMX. No XDNA. UHD Blu-ray playback not supported.
4. ↑ Not supported by Windows 11. iGPU no longer supported. No AVX-512. No AMX. No XDNA. UHD Blu-ray playback not supported.
5. ↑ Lacks JPEG, MPEG-1, and H.265 hardware encoders, and AVS1, AVS+, AVS2, AVS3, VP8, VP9, AV1, and H.266 hardware codecs.
6. ↑ Lacks HDCP 2.2 and higher.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 No AVX-512. No AMX. No XDNA. UHD Blu-ray playback not supported.

#### Server

* AMD Opteron (3000, 4000 and 6000 series at least)[106]
* AMD EPYC Series of Products

Dell Poweredge 710 (4 x pcie 8-way sockets. Needs end opening for 16-way cards). Successfully set up libvirt qemu with Nvidia 1650 for gaming and Nvidia 720 for Kodi running two VMs simultaneously. 7.1 HDMI passthrough and 2160p.

### Motherboards

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Board  | Chipset  | Memory  | LAN  | SATA
Ports  | eSATA
Ports  | PCI  | PCIe  | Works on

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Manuf.  | Model  | Max. (GB)  | Slots  | Type  | mini  | ×1  | ×4  | ×8  | ×16  | QEMU-KVM  | Xen  | VMware ESXi
MSI | AM1I[lower-alpha 1] | AM1 | 16 | 2 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 2×3.0 | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | 1×2.0@×4 | Unknown | Unknown | No
Asus | E35M1-I DELUXE[lower-alpha 1] | A50 (Hudson M1) | 8 | 2 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 5×3.0 | 1×3.0 | No | Yes | No | No | No | 1×2.0@×4 | Unknown | Unknown | No
Asus | F2A55-M[lower-alpha 1] | AMD A55 FCH (Hudson D2) | 64 | 4 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 6×2.0 | No | 1 | No | 1×2.0 | No | No | 2×2.0 | Unknown | Unknown | Yes5.1[107]
Asrock | FM2A75M-DGS[lower-alpha 1] | A75(Hudson D3) | 32 | 2 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 6×3.0 | No | 1 | No | 1×2.0 | No | No | 1×2.0 | Unknown | Unknown | Yes 5.1[108]
Asrock  | FM2A75 Pro4-M[lower-alpha 1][109] | A75(Hudson D3) | 64 | 4 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 5×3.0 | 1×3.0 | 1 | No | 1×2.0 | No | No | 2×2.0 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Asrock  | FM2A85 Extreme4-M[lower-alpha 1] | A85X (Hudson D4) | 32 | 4 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 7×3.0 | 1×3.0 | 1 | No | 1 | No | No | 2×2.0 | Unknown | Unknown | No
Asrock  | FM2A85X Extreme6[lower-alpha 1] | A85X (Hudson D4) | 64 | 4 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 7×3.0 | 1×3.0 | 2 | No | 2×2.0 | No | No | 3×2.0 | Unknown | Unknown | Yes 5.1[108]
Asus | F2A85-V PRO[lower-alpha 1] | A85X (Hudson D4) | 64 | 4 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 7×3.0 | 1×3.0 | 3 | No | 2×2.0 | 1×2.0 | 2×2.0 | 1×2.0 | Unknown | Unknown | Yes5.1[110]
Asus | F2A85-V[lower-alpha 1] | A85X (Hudson D4) | 64 | 4 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 7×3.0 | 1×3.0 | 2 | No | 2×2.0 | 1×2.0 | No | 1×2.0 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Gigabyte | F2A88XM-DS2[lower-alpha 1] | A88X  | 32  | 2  | DDR3  | 1× Gigabit  | 4×3.0  | Unknown  | 1  | No  | 1  |  |  | 1  | Unknown  | Unknown  | 6.0. 6.5
Gigabyte | GA-F2A88XM-D3HP[lower-alpha 1] | A88X | 64 | 4 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 8×3.0 | No | 1 | No | 1×2.0 | No | No | 1×2.0, 1×3.0 | Yes | Unknown 6.0, 6.5 | Unknown
Asrock  | Fatal1ty FM2A88X+ Killer[lower-alpha 1] | A88X (Bolton D4)  | 64  | 4  | DDR3  | 1x Gigabit | 8×3.0 | No | 3 | No | 1×2.0 | No | No | 2×2.0 | Yes | Unknown | Unknown
Asrock  | FM2A88X Extreme6+[lower-alpha 1] | A88X (Bolton D4) | 64 | 4 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 8×3.0 | 1×3.0 | 2 | No | 2×2.0 | No | No | 3×2.0 | Unknown | No[lower-alpha 2][111] | Unknown
Asrock  | FM2A88M Extreme4+[lower-alpha 1] | A88X (Bolton D4) | 64 | 4 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 7×3.0 | No | 1 | No | 1×2.0 | No | No | 1×3.0+1×2.0@×4 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Asus | A88X-PRO[lower-alpha 1] | AMD A88X (Bolton D4) | 64 | 4 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 6×2.0 | 2×2.0 | 2 | No | 2×2.0 | No | No | 3(1@×16 or 2@×8) +1@×4 | Yes | Unknown | Unknown
Asus | Crosshair IV Formula[lower-alpha 1] | 890FX | 16 | 4 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 6×3.0 | 1×3.0 | 2 | No | No | 1×2.0 | No | 3×2.0 | Yes | No[lower-alpha 2] | Unknown
Asus | M5A97 R2.0[lower-alpha 1][112] | 970 | 32 | 4 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 6×3.0 | No | 2 | No | 2×2.0 | No | No | 2×2.0(1@×4) | Yes | Unknown | Unknown
Asus | M5A97 LE R2.0[lower-alpha 1][113] | 970 | 32 | 4 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 6×3.0 | No | 2 | No | 2×2.0 | No | No | 2×2.0(1@×4) | Yes[114] | Unknown | Unknown
MSI | 970A-G46[lower-alpha 1] | 970 | 32 | 4 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 6×3.0 | No | 2 | No | 2 | No | No | 2×2.0@8 | Unknown | 4.4.1 | Unknown
Gigabyte | GA-970A-UD3[lower-alpha 1] | 970 | 32 | 4 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 6×3.0 | No | 2 | No | 3×2.0 | 1×2.0 | No | 1×2.0 | Yes | Unknown | Yes v5.x
Asrock | 970 Extreme3[lower-alpha 1] | 970 | 64 | 4 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 5×6.0 | 1×3.0 | 2 | No | 2×2.0 | No | No | 1×2.0, 1×2.0 @ 4× | Yes | Unknown | Yes 5.0[115]
Asrock  | 970A-G/3.1[lower-alpha 1] | 970 | 64 | 4 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 6×3.0 | No | 1 | No | 2×2.0 | No | No | 1×2.0, 1×2.0 @ 4× | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
Asus | M5A99X EVO R2.0[lower-alpha 1] | 990X | 32 | 4 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 6×3.0 | 2×3.0 | 1 | No | 2×2.0 | 1×2.0 | 1×2.0 | 1×2.0 | Unknown | Unknown | 5.1, 5.5; no network card
Asus  | Crosshair V Formula Z[lower-alpha 1] | 990FX | 32 | 4 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 8×3.0 | 2×3.0 | 1 | No | 2×2.0 | 1×2.0 | 2×2.0 | 2×2.0 | Need IVRS override[lower-alpha 3][116] | Yes | 5.5
Asus | SABERTOOTH 990FX[lower-alpha 1] | 990FX | 32 | 4 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 8×3.0 | 2×3.0 | 1 | No | 1×2.0 | 1×2.0 | 2×2.0 | 1×2.0 | Yes | Need IVRS override[lower-alpha 4][116] | Yes
Asus | SABERTOOTH 990FX R2.0[lower-alpha 1] | 990FX | 32 | 4 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 8×3.0 | 2×3.0 | 1 | No | 1×2.0 | 1×2.0 | 2×2.0 | 4×2.0 | Unknown | Yes | 5.1, 5.5; no network card
Gigabyte | GA-990FXA-UD7[lower-alpha 1] | 990FX | 32 | 4 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 8×3.0 | 2×3.0 | 1 | No | No | 2×2.0 | 2×2.0 | 2×2.0 | Yes | Unknown | Unknown[117]
Gigabyte | GA-990FXA-UD5[lower-alpha 1] | 990FX | 32 | 4 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 8×3.0 | 2×3.0 | 1 | No | 1×2.0 | 2×2.0 | 1×2.0 | 2×2.0 | 0.12.1 | 4.1.3 | Unknown
Gigabyte | GA-990FXA-UD3[lower-alpha 1] | 990FX | 32 | 4 | DDR3 | 1× Gigabit | 6×3.0 | 2×3.0 | 1 | No | 1×2.0 | 2×2.0 | No | 2×2.0 | Yes | Yes | Yes 5[118]
Asus | KGPE-D16[lower-alpha 1] | SR5690 | 256 | 16 | DDR3 | 2× Gigabit | 6×2.0 | No | 1 | No | No | 1×2.0 | 1×2.0 | 3×2.0 | Unknown | Unknown | Yes
Gigabyte | GA-AX370-Gaming 5 | X370 | 64 | 4 | DDR4 | 2× Gigabit | 8×3.0 | No | No | No | 3×2.0 | 1 (x16 slot) | 1×3.0 (x16 slot) | 1×3.0 | Yes (F6G =< BIOS <= F22 required) | Unknown | Unknown
MSI  | X399 Gaming Pro Carbon AC  | X399  | 128  | 8  | DDR4  | 1x Gigabit  | 8x3.0  | No  | No  | No  | 2x3.0  | 2x3.0(M.2 Slots)  | 2x3.0@X8  | 2x3.0@X16  | Yes, with latest BIOS and QEMU version.  | Unknown  | Unknown
Gigabyte | X470-Aorus-Ultra-Gaming | X470 | 64 | 4 | DDR4 | 1x Gigabit | 6x3.0 | No | No | No | 1x3.0 (x16 slot) | 1x3.0(x16 slot) | 1x3.0 | Yes bios F3 in use, F6 broke AMD raid, newer versions not tested | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown
ASRock  | X470 Master SLI  | X470 | 64 | 4 | DDR4 | 1× Gigabit | 6×3.0 | No | No | No | 4×2.0 | No | No | 2×3.0 @×8 | Yes | Unknown | Unknown
Gigabyte  | Aorus X570S Pro AX (rev 1.1)  | X570  | 128  | 4  | DDR4  | 2.5Gb  | 6x3.0  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | 3x4.0  | Yes  | Unknown  | Unknown
Manuf.  | Model  | Chipset  | Max. (GB)  | Slots  | Type  | LAN  | SATA
Ports  | eSATA
Ports  | PCI  | mini  | ×1  | ×4  | ×8  | ×16  | QEMU-KVM  | Xen  | VMware ESXi
Board  | Memory  | PCIe  | Works on

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 Not supported by Windows 11.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Incomplete or flawed BIOS APIC and/or IVRS tables
3. ↑ ivrs_ioapic[9]=00:14.0 ivrs_ioapic[10]=00:00.1
4. ↑ ivrs_ioapic[9]=00:14.0 ivrs_ioapic[10]=00:00.1

### Chipset

* AMD X570
* AMD X470
* AMD X370
* AMD X300[119]
* AMD B350
* AMD 890FX
* AMD 9-series[120]
* AMD A55, A75, A85, A88X
* SR5650/SR5670/SR5690[101]

## Tested graphics card

List of GPUs tested on some VirtualMachine with IOMMU.

* qemu-kvm can't assign VGA and other PCI device at same time, due to SeaBIOS limitations[6] (fixed on git[when?]).

### AMD

Note: Newer AMD cards no longer have FLR bug as of 2021. This bug required a host reboot when GPU is in undefined state. https://github.com/gnif/vendor-reset

Card  | Memory  | PCIx  | OpenGL  | DirectX  | Vulkan  | OpenCL  | GFLOPs  | TBP (W)  | Works on

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Size (MB)  | Width (bit)  | Type  | Version  | Lanes  | Single  | Double  | Idle  | Max.  | QEMU-KVM  | Xen  | VMware ESXi
Radeon HD 5450[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3][121] | 512 | 64 | GDDR3 | 2.1 | ×16 | 4.4[lower-alpha 4] | 11 (11_0) SM 5.0 | No | 1.2 | 104 | No | 6.5 | 171 | Yes | Yes | 5.1[122]
Radeon HD 5770[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3][123] | 1024 | 128 | GDDR5 | 2.1 | ×16 | 4.4[lower-alpha 4] | 11 (11_0) SM 5.0 | No | 1.2 | 1360 | No | 18 | 108 | 1.0.1 | Yes | Unknown
Radeon HD 5850[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3][124] | 1024 - 2048 | 128 | GDDR5 | 2.1 | ×16 | 4.4[lower-alpha 4] | 11 (11_0) SM 5.0 | No | 1.2 | 2088 | 417.6 | 27 | 151 | 1.0.1[11] | Yes | Unknown
Radeon HD 6870[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 5][lower-alpha 3][125] | 1024 - 2048 | 256 | GDDR5 | 2.1 | ×16 | 4.4[lower-alpha 4] | 11 (11_0) SM 5.0 | No | 1.2 | 2016 | 413 | 19 | 151 | 1.0.1[6] | Yes | Unknown
Radeon HD 6950[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 5][lower-alpha 3][126] | 1024 - 2048 | 256 | GDDR5 | 2.1 | ×16 | 4.4[lower-alpha 4] | 11 (11_0) SM 5.0 | No | 1.2 | 2253 | 563 | 20 | 200 | 1.0.1[6] | Yes | Unknown
Radeon HD 7750[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 6][lower-alpha 3] | 1024 | 128 | GDDR5 | 3.0 | ×16 | 4.6 | 12 (11_1) SM 6.5 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 921 | 57 |  | 55 | Yes | Unknown | Unknown
Radeon HD 7970 - R9 280X[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 6][lower-alpha 3][127] | 3072 | 384 | GDDR5 | 3.0 | ×16 | 4.6 | 12 (11_1) SM 6.5 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 3789 | 947 | 15 | 230 | Unknown | Yes | 5.0[128]
Radeon R7 260X[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 6][lower-alpha 3][129] | 1024 - 2048 | 128 | GDDR5 | 3.0 | ×16 | 4.6 | 12 (12_0) SM 6.5 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 1971 | 123 |  | 115 | Yes | Unknown | Unknown
Radeon R7 360[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 6][lower-alpha 3] | 2048 | 128 | GDDR5 | 3.0 | x16 | 4.6 | 12 (12_0) SM 6.5 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 1613 | 100.8 |  | 100 | 2.5.0 | Unknown | Unknown
Radeon R7 370[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 6][lower-alpha 3] | 2048 - 4096 | 256 | GDDR5 | 3.0 | x16 | 4.6 | 12 (12_0) SM 6.5 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 1997 | 124.8 |  | 110 | 2.5.0 | Unknown | Unknown
Radeon R9 290[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 6][lower-alpha 3][130] | 4096 | 512 | GDDR5 | 3.0 | ×16 | 4.6 | 12 (12_0) SM 6.5 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 4848 | 606 |  | 250 | Yes | 4.4.1 w/ patch | Unknown
Radeon R9 Nano[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 7][lower-alpha 3] | 4096 | 4096 | HBM | 3.0 | ×16 | 4.6 | 12 (12_0) SM 6.5 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 8192 | 512 |  | 175 | Yes | Unknown | Unknown
Radeon RX 460[lower-alpha 8][lower-alpha 9] | 4096 | 128 | GDDR5 | 3.0 | ×16 | 4.6 | 12 (12_0) SM 6.7 | 1.3 | 2.1 | 1953 | 122 |  | 75 | Yes | Unknown | Unknown
Radeon RX 480[lower-alpha 8][lower-alpha 9] | 8192 | 256 | GDDR5 | 3.0 | ×16 | 4.6 | 12 (12_0) SM 6.7 | 1.3 | 2.1 | 5161 | 323 |  | 150 | Yes | Yes | 6.0
Radeon RX 560[lower-alpha 8][lower-alpha 9] | 4096  | 128  | GDDR5  | 3.0  | ×16 | 4.6 | 12 (12_0) SM 6.7 | 1.3 | 2.1  |  |  |  |  | Yes  | Unknown  | Unknown
Radeon RX 570[lower-alpha 8][lower-alpha 9] | 4096 | 256 | GDDR5 | 3.0 | ×16 | 4.6 | 12 (12_0) SM 6.7 | 1.3 | 2.1 | 4784 | 299 |  | 150 | Yes | Unknown | Unknown
Radeon RX 580[lower-alpha 8][lower-alpha 9] | 8192  | 256  | GDDR5  | 3.0  | x16  | 4.6  | 12 (12_0) SM 6.7 | 1.3  | 2.1  | 5792  | 362  |  | 185  | 5.0.0.7  | Unknown  | Unknown
Radeon VII[lower-alpha 8][lower-alpha 9] | 16384  | 4096  | HBM2 | 3.0  | x16  | 4.6  | 12 (12_1) SM 6.7 | 1.3  | 2.1  | 13800  | 3500  |  | 300  | Yes  | Unknown  | Unknown
Radeon RX 6800 XT[lower-alpha 10] | 16384  | 256  | GDDR6  | 4.0  | x16  | 4.6  | 12 (12_2) SM 6.7 | 1.3  | 2.1  | 16819  | 1051  |  | 300  | Yes  | Unknown  | Unknown
Card  | Memory  | PCIe  | OpenGL  | DirectX  | Vulkan  | OpenCL  | GFLOPs  | TBP (W)  | Works on
Size (MB)  | Width (bit)  | Type  | Version  | Lanes  | Single  | Double  | Idle  | Max.  | QEMU-KVM  | Xen  | VMware ESXi

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 No longer supported.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Lacks hardware video encoders, and JPEG, MPEG-1, H.262, H.263, H.265, H.266, AVS1, AVS+, AVS2, AVS3, VP8, VP9 and AV1 hardware decoders.
3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 Lacks HDCP 2.2 and higher.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 with beta driver.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lacks hardware video encoders, and JPEG, H.265, H.266, AVS1, AVS+, AVS2, AVS3, VP8, VP9 and AV1 hardware decoders.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Lacks MPEG-1, H.262, H.263, and VC-1 hardware encoders, and JPEG, H.265, H.266, AVS1, AVS+, AVS2, AVS3, VP8, VP9 and AV1 hardware codecs.
7. ↑ Lacks JPEG, MPEG-1, H.262, H.263, H.265 and VC-1 hardware encoders, and AVS1, AVS+, AVS2, AVS3, VP8, VP9, AV1, and H.266 hardware codecs.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 Lacks JPEG, MPEG-1, H.262, H.263, and VC-1 hardware encoders, and AVS1, AVS+, AVS2, AVS3, VP8, VP9, AV1, and H.266 hardware codecs.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Lacks HDCP 2.3.
10. ↑ Lacks JPEG, MPEG-1, H.262, H.263, VC-1, and AV1 hardware encoders, and AVS1, AVS+, AVS2, AVS3, VP8, and H.266 hardware codecs.

### Nvidia

Note: Blackwell GPUs might suffer from the reset bug leading to a kernel soft-lock and might require a workaround [131] [132]

Card  | Memory  | PCIe  | OpenGL  | DirectX  | Vulkan  | OpenCL  | GFLOPs  | TBP (W)
max.  | Works on

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Size (MB)  | Width (bit)  | Type  | Version  | Lanes  | Single  | Double  | QEMU-KVM  | Xen  | VMware ESXi
GeForce GTX 460[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3][133] | 768-2048 | 192-256 | GDDR5 | 2.0 | ×16 | 4.6 | 12 (11_0) SM 5.1 | No | 1.1 | 907.2 | 75.6 | 160 | Yes | 4.1[134] | Unknown
Quadro 2000[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3][135] | 1024 | 128 | GDDR5 | 2.0 | ×16 | 4.6 | 12 (11_0) SM 5.1 | No | 1.1 | 480 | 40 | 62 | Yes | 4.1 and 4.3[33] | Unknown
GeForce GT 740[lower-alpha 4][lower-alpha 5][lower-alpha 3] | 2048 | 128 | GDDR5 | 3.0 | ×16 | 4.6 | 12 (11_0) SM 6.5 | 1.2 | 3.0[lower-alpha 6] | 762 | 31.8 | 64 | 2.5.0 | Unknown | Unknown
GeForce GTX 970[lower-alpha 7][lower-alpha 3] | 4096  | 256  | GDDR5  | 2.0  | ×16  | 4.6  | 12 (12_1) SM 6.7 | 1.3  | 3.0[lower-alpha 6] | 3494  | 109  | 145  | Yes  | Unknown  | Unknown
GeForce GTX 980 Ti[lower-alpha 7][lower-alpha 3] | 6144  | 384  | GDDR5  | 3.0  | x16  | 4.6  | 12 (12_1) SM 6.7 | 1.3  | 3.0[lower-alpha 6] | 5630  | 176  | 250  | Yes  | Unknown  | Unknown
GeForce GTX 1050[lower-alpha 8][lower-alpha 9] | 2048 | 128 | GDDR5 | 3.0 | ×16 | 4.6 | 12 (12_1) SM 6.7 | 1.3 | 3.0[lower-alpha 6] | 1862 | 54 | 75 | Yes | Unknown | Unknown
GeForce GTX 1060[lower-alpha 8][lower-alpha 9] | 6144  | 192  | GDDR5  | 3.0  | x16  | 4.6  | 12 (12_1) SM 6.7 | 1.3  | 3.0[lower-alpha 6] | 3855  | 120  | 120  | 5.0.0.7  | Unknown  | Unknown
GeForce GTX 1070[lower-alpha 10][lower-alpha 9] | 8192  | 256  | GDDR5  | 3.0  | x16  | 4.6  | 12 (12_1) SM 6.7 | 1.3  | 3.0[lower-alpha 6] | 5783  | 181  | 150  | Yes  | Unknown  | Unknown
Quadro RTX 4000[lower-alpha 10][lower-alpha 9] | 8192  | 256  | GDDR6  | 3.0  | x16  | 4.6  | 12 (12_2) SM 6.7 | 1.3  | 3.0[lower-alpha 6] | 7119  | 222.5  | 160  | Yes  | Unknown  | Unknown
GeForce RTX 3060[lower-alpha 11] | 12228  | 192  | GDDR6  | 4.0  | x16  | 4.6  | 12 (12_2) SM 6.7 | 1.3  | 3.0[lower-alpha 6] | 9462  | 148  | 170  | Yes  | Unknown  | Unknown
Card  | Memory  | PCIe  | OpenGL  | DirectX  | Vulkan  | OpenCL  | GFLOPs  | TBP (W)
max.  | Works on
Size (MB)  | Width (bit)  | Type  | Version  | Lanes  | Single  | Double  | QEMU-KVM  | Xen  | VMware ESXi

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 No longer supported.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lacks hardware video encoders, and JPEG, H.263, H.265, H.266, AVS1, AVS+, AVS2, AVS3, VP8, VP9 and AV1 hardware decoders.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Lacks HDCP 2.2 and higher.
4. ↑ Security updates for Kepler until September 2024.
5. ↑ Lacks MPEG-1, H.262, and VC-1 hardware encoders, and JPEG, H.263, H.265, H.266, AVS1, AVS+, AVS2, AVS3, VP8, VP9 and AV1 hardware codecs.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 In OpenCL 3.0, OpenCL 1.2 functionality has become a mandatory baseline, while all OpenCL 2.x and OpenCL 3.0 features were made optional.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Lacks MPEG-1, H.262, VC-1, and VP8 hardware encoders, and JPEG, H.263, H.266, AVS1, AVS+, AVS2, AVS3, VP9 and AV1 hardware codecs.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Lacks MPEG-1, H.262, VC-1, and VP9 hardware encoders, and JPEG, H.263, H.266, AVS1, AVS+, AVS2, AVS3, VP8, and AV1 hardware codecs.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Lacks HDCP 2.3.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Lacks MPEG-1, H.262, VC-1, VP8, and VP9 hardware encoders, and JPEG, H.263, H.266, AVS1, AVS+, AVS2, AVS3, and AV1 hardware codecs.
11. ↑ Lacks MPEG-1, H.262, VC-1, VP8, VP9, and AV1 hardware encoders, and JPEG, H.263, H.266, AVS1, AVS+, AVS2, and AVS3 hardware codecs.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "ARK Processor Feature Filter". http://ark.intel.com/search/advanced?VTD=true. Retrieved 2016-02-13.
2. ↑ "Intel Xeon Processor E5502". Intel. https://ark.intel.com/products/37092/Intel-Xeon-Processor-E5502-4M-Cache-1_86-GHz-4_80-GTs-Intel-QPI. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
3. ↑ "Intel Core2 Quad Processor Q9400 (6M Cache, 2.66 GHz, 1333 MHz FSB) Caractéristiques". http://ark.intel.com/products/35365/Intel-Core2-Quad-Processor-Q9400-6M-Cache-2_66-GHz-1333-MHz-FSB.
4. ↑ "Intel Core2 Duo Processor E8500 (6M Cache, 3.16 GHz, 1333 MHz FSB)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/33911/. Retrieved 10 Oct 2014.
5. ↑ "Intel Core i7-860 Processor (8M Cache, 2.80 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/41316/Intel-Core-i7-860-Processor-8M-Cache-2_80-GHz. Retrieved 23 Oct 2013.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 "Graphics card pass-through working with two pass pci-initialization". Weidemann, André. http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.emulators.kvm.devel/72987. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
7. ↑ "Intel® Core™ i7-870 Processor (8M Cache, 2.93 GHZ) - Product Specifications". https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/41315/intel-core-i7870-processor-8m-cache-2-93-ghz/specifications.html.
8. ↑ "Intel Core i7-920XM Processor Extreme Edition (8M Cache, 2.00 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/43126/Intel-Core-i7-920XM-Processor-Extreme-Edition-8M-Cache-2_00-GHz. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
9. ↑ "Intel Core i3-2115C Processor (3M Cache, up to 2.00 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/68332/Intel-Core-i3-2115C-Processor-(3MB-Cache-2_00-GHz). Retrieved 11 July 2012.
10. ↑ "Intel Core i5-2400 Processor (6M Cache, up to 3.40 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/52207/Intel-Core-i5-2400-Processor-(6M-Cache-up-to-3_40-GHz). Retrieved 11 July 2012.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 "Video card passthrough success". Luke. http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.emulators.kvm.devel/71981. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "ESX5i Z77 DirectPath vt-d Asrock Z77 Pro3". nachtrab. Archived from the original on 11 February 2013. https://archive.today/20130211113609/http://nachtrab.de/2012/04/28/esx5i-z77-directpath-vt-d-asrock-z77-pro3/. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
13. ↑ "Intel Core i5-2400S Processor (6M Cache, up to 3.30 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/52208/Intel-Core-i5-2400S-Processor-(6M-Cache-up-to-3_30-GHz). Retrieved 11 July 2012.
14. ↑ "Intel Core i5-2500 Processor (6M Cache, up to 3.70 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/52209/Intel-Core-i5-2500-Processor-(6M-Cache-up-to-3_70-GHz). Retrieved 11 July 2012.
15. ↑ "Intel Core i5-2500S Processor (6M Cache, up to 3.70 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/52211/Intel-Core-i5-2500S-Processor-(6M-Cache-up-to-3_70-GHz). Retrieved 11 July 2012.
16. ↑ "Intel Core i5-2500T Processor (6M Cache, up to 3.30 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/52212/Intel-Core-i5-2500T-Processor-(6M-Cache-up-to-3_30-GHz). Retrieved 11 July 2012.
17. ↑ "Intel Core i7-2600 Processor (6M Cache, up to 3.80 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/52213/Intel-Core-i7-2600-Processor-(8M-Cache-up-to-3_80-GHz). Retrieved 11 July 2012.
18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 "Z68 Sandybridge Motherboard VT-d Test Matrix". Tinkererguy. http://tinkertry.com/vmdirectpath/. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
19. ↑ "Intel Core i7-2600S Processor (6M Cache, up to 3.80 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/52215/Intel-Core-i7-2600S-Processor-(8M-Cache-up-to-3_80-GHz). Retrieved 11 July 2012.
20. ↑ "Intel Core i5-3470 Processor (6M Cache, up to 3.60 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/68316/Intel-Core-i5-3470-Processor-(6M-Cache-up-to-3_60-GHz). Retrieved 11 July 2012.
21. ↑ "Intel Core i5-3470 Processor (6M Cache, up to 3.60 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/68316/Intel-Core-i5-3470-Processor-(6M-Cache-up-to-3_60-GHz). Retrieved 11 July 2012.
22. ↑ "Intel Core i5-3470T Processor (3M Cache, up to 3.60 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/65703/Intel-Core-i5-3470T-Processor-(3M-Cache-up-to-3_60-GHz). Retrieved 11 July 2012.
23. ↑ "Intel Core i5-3475S Processor (6M Cache, up to 3.60 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/65515/Intel-Core-i5-3475S-Processor-(6M-Cache-up-to-3_60-GHz). Retrieved 11 July 2012.
24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 "Intel Core i5-3550 Processor (6M Cache, up to 3.70 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/65516/Intel-Core-i5-3550-Processor-(6M-Cache-up-to-3_70-GHz). Retrieved 11 July 2012.
25. ↑ "Intel Core i5-3570 Processor (6M Cache, 3.40 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/65702/Intel-Core-i5-3570-Processor-(6M-Cache-3_40-GHz). Retrieved 11 July 2012.
26. ↑ "Intel Core i5-3570S Processor (6M Cache, up to 3.80 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/65701/Intel-Core-i5-3570S-Processor-(6M-Cache-up-to-3_80-GHz). Retrieved 11 July 2012.
27. ↑ "Intel Core i5-3570T Processor (6M Cache, up to 3.30 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/65521/Intel-Core-i5-3570T-Processor-(6M-Cache-up-to-3_30-GHz). Retrieved 11 July 2012.
28. ↑ "Intel Core i7-3770 Processor (8M Cache, up to 3.90 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/65719/Intel-Core-i7-3770-Processor-(8M-Cache-up-to-3_90-GHz). Retrieved 11 July 2012.
29. ↑ "Intel Core i7-3770S Processor (8M Cache, up to 3.90 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/65524/Intel-Core-i7-3770S-Processor-(8M-Cache-up-to-3_90-GHz). Retrieved 11 July 2012.
30. ↑ "Intel Core i7-3770T Processor (8M Cache, up to 3.70 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/65525/Intel-Core-i7-3770T-Processor-(8M-Cache-up-to-3_70-GHz). Retrieved 11 July 2012.
31. ↑ "Intel Core i7-3820 Processor (10M Cache, up to 3.80 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/63698/Intel-Core-i7-3820-Processor-(10M-Cache-up-to-3_80-GHz). Retrieved 11 July 2012.
32. ↑ "Intel Core i7-3930K Processor (12M Cache, up to 3.80 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/63697/Intel-Core-i7-3930K-Processor-(12M-Cache-up-to-3_80-GHz). Retrieved 11 July 2012.
33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 "HOW-TO make dual-boot obsolete using XEN VGA passthrough". Linux Mint user forum. Sieger, Heiko. http://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?f=42&t=112013. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
34. ↑ "Intel Core i7-3960X Processor Extreme Edition (15M Cache, up to 3.90 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/63696/Intel-Core-i7-3960X-Processor-Extreme-Edition-(15M-Cache-up-to-3_90-GHz). Retrieved 11 July 2012.
35. ↑ "Intel Core i5-4460 Processor (6M Cache, up to 3.40 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/80817/Intel-Core-i5-4460-Processor-6M-Cache-up-to-3_40-GHz. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
36. ↑ "Intel Core i5-4570 Processor (6M Cache, up to 3.60 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/75043/Intel-Core-i5-4570-Processor-6M-Cache-up-to-3_60-GHz. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
37. ↑ "Intel Core i5-4590 Processor (6M Cache, up to 3.70 GHz) Product Specifications". Intel ARK (Product Specs). https://ark.intel.com/products/80815/Intel-Core-i5-4590-Processor-6M-Cache-up-to-3_70-GHz.
38. ↑ "Intel Core i5-4670 Processor (6M Cache, up to 3.80 GHz) Product Specifications". Intel ARK (Product Specs). http://ark.intel.com/products/75047/Intel-Core-i5-4670-Processor-6M-Cache-up-to-3_80-GHz.
39. ↑ "Intel Core i5-4690 Processor (6M Cache, up to 3.90 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/80810/intel-core-i5-4690-processor-6M-cache-up-to-3-90-ghz. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
40. ↑ "Intel Core i5-4690K Processor (6M Cache, up to 3.90 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/80811/Intel-Core-i5-4690K-Processor-6M-Cache-up-to-3_90-GHz. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
41. ↑ "Intel Core i5-4690S Processor (6M Cache, up to 3.90 GHz)". Intel. https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/80812/intel-core-i5-4690s-processor-6m-cache-up-to-3-90-ghz.html. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
42. ↑ "Intel Core i7-4765T Processor (8M Cache, up to 3.00 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/75121/Intel-Core-i7-4765T-Processor-8M-Cache-up-to-3_00-GHz. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
43. ↑ "Intel Core i7-4770 Processor (8M Cache, up to 3.90 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/75122/Intel-Core-i7-4770-Processor-8M-Cache-up-to-3_90-GHz. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
44. ↑ "Intel Core i7-4770R Processor (6M Cache, up to 3.90 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/76642/Intel-Core-i7-4770R-Processor-6M-Cache-up-to-3_90-GHz. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
45. ↑ "Intel Core i7-4770S Processor (8M Cache, up to 3.90 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/75124/Intel-Core-i7-4770S-Processor-8M-Cache-up-to-3_90-GHz. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
46. ↑ "Intel Core i7-4770T Processor (8M Cache, up to 3.70 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/75125/Intel-Core-i7-4770T-Processor-8M-Cache-up-to-3_70-GHz. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
47. ↑ "Intel Core i7-4771 Processor (8M Cache, up to 3.90 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/77656/Intel-Core-i7-4771-Processor-8M-Cache-up-to-3_90-GHz. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
48. ↑ "Intel Core i7-4790 Processor (8M Cache, up to 4.00 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/80806/Intel-Core-i7-4790-Processor-8M-Cache-up-to-4_00-GHz. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
49. ↑ "Intel Core i7-4790S Processor (8M Cache, up to 4.00 GHz)". Intel. https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/80808/intel-core-i74790s-processor-8m-cache-up-to-4-00-ghz/specifications.html. Retrieved 25 November 2024.
50. ↑ "Intel Core i7-4790K Processor (8M Cache, up to 4.40 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/80807/Intel-Core-i7-4790K-Processor-8M-Cache-up-to-4_40-GHz. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
51. ↑ "Intel Core i7-4820K Processor (10M Cache, up to 3.90 GHz) Product Specifications". Intel ARK (Product Specs). https://ark.intel.com/products/77781/Intel-Core-i7-4820K-Processor-10M-Cache-up-to-3_90-GHz.
52. ↑ "ntel Core i7-4960X Processor Extreme Edition". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/77779/Intel-Core-i7-4960X-Processor-Extreme-Edition-15M-Cache-up-to-4_00-GHz. Retrieved 2016-07-28.
53. ↑ "Intel Core i5-5200U Processor (3M Cache, up to 2.70 GHz)". Intel. https://ark.intel.com/products/85212/Intel-Core-i5-5200U-Processor-3M-Cache-up-to-2_70-GHz.
54. ↑ "Intel Core i7-5500U Processor (4M Cache, up to 3.00 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/85214/Intel-Core-i7-5500U-Processor-4M-Cache-up-to-3_00-GHz. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
55. ↑ "Intel Core i7-5820K Processor (15M Cache, up to 3.60 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/82932/Intel-Core-i7-5820K-Processor-15M-Cache-up-to-3_60-GHz.
56. ↑ "Intel Core i7-5930K Processor (15M Cache, up to 3.70 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/82931/Intel-Core-i7-5930K-Processor-15M-Cache-up-to-3_70-GHz.
57. ↑ "Intel Core i7-5960X Processor (20M Cache, up to 3.50 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/82930/Intel-Core-i7-5960X-Processor-Extreme-Edition-20M-Cache-up-to-3_50-GHz.
58. ↑ "Intel Core i5-6500T Processor(6M Cache, up to 3.10 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/88183/Intel-Core-i5-6500T-Processor-6M-Cache-up-to-3_10-GHz.
59. ↑ "Intel Core i5-6600K Processor(6M Cache, up to 3.90 GHz)". Intel. https://ark.intel.com/products/88191/Intel-Core-i5-6600K-Processor-6M-Cache-up-to-3_90-GHz.
60. ↑ "Intel Core i7-6700K Processor (8M Cache, up to 4.20 GHz)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/88195/Intel-Core-i7-6700K-Processor-8M-Cache-up-to-4_20-GHz?q=6700k.
61. ↑ "Intel Core i7-6800K Processor (15M Cache, up to 3.60 GHz)". Intel. https://ark.intel.com/products/94189/Intel-Core-i7-6800K-Processor-15M-Cache-up-to-3_60-GHz.
62. ↑ "Intel Core i3-7100U Processor (3M Cache, 2.40 GHz)". Intel. https://ark.intel.com/products/95442/Intel-Core-i3-7100U-Processor-3M-Cache-2_40-GHz?q=Intel® Core™ i3-7100U.
63. ↑ "Intel Core i5-7600K Processor (6M Cache, up to 4.20 GHz)". Intel. https://ark.intel.com/products/97144/Intel-Core-i5-7600K-Processor-6M-Cache-up-to-4_20-GHz?q=Intel® Core™ i5-7600K.
64. ↑ "Intel Core i7-7700K Processor (8M Cache, up to 4.50 GHz)". Intel. https://ark.intel.com/products/94189/Intel-Core-i7-7700K-Processor-8M-Cache-up-to-4_50-GHz.
65. ↑ "Intel Core i3-8100 Processor (6M Cache, 3.60 GHz)". Intel. https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/126688/intel-core-i3-8100-processor-6m-cache-3-60-ghz.html.
66. ↑ "Intel Core i7-8700K Processor (12M Cache, up to 4.70 GHz)". Intel. https://ark.intel.com/products/126684/Intel-Core-i7-8700K-Processor-12M-Cache-up-to-4_70-GHz.
67. ↑ "Intel Core i7-8750H Processor (9M Cache, up to 4.1 GHz)". Intel. https://ark.intel.com//products/134906/intel-core-i78750h-processor-9m-cache-up-to-4-10-ghz.html.
68. ↑ "Intel Core i7-8086K Processor (12M Cache, up to 5.00 GHz)". Intel. https://ark.intel.com/products/148263/intel-core-i7-8086k-processor-12m-cache-up-to-5-00-ghz.html.
69. ↑ "Intel Core i7-8700 Processor (12M Cache, up to 4.60 GHz) Product Specifications". Intel ARK (Product Specs). https://ark.intel.com/products/126686/Intel-Core-i7-8700-Processor-12M-Cache-up-to-4_60-GHz.
70. ↑ "Intel Core i3-9100 Processor (6M Cache, up to 4.20 GHz) - Product Specifications" (in en). https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/134870/intel-core-i39100-processor-6m-cache-up-to-4-20-ghz/specifications.html.
71. ↑ "Intel Core i7-9750H Specs". Intel ARK (Product Specs). https://www.techpowerup.com/cpu-specs/core-i7-9750h.c2290.
72. ↑ "MSI Z68A-GD80 (B3)". MSI. http://ark.intel.com/products/36888/Intel-Desktop-Board-DX58SO. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
73. ↑ "Intel Desktop Board DQ67SW". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/51997/Intel-Desktop-Board-DQ67SW. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
74. ↑ "ASRock Z77 Pro3". ASRock. http://www.asrock.com/mb/overview.asp?Model=Z68 Extreme4. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
75. ↑ "Fatal1ty Z68 Professional Gen3". ASRock. http://www.asrock.com/mb/overview.asp?Model=Fatal1ty Z68 Professional Gen3. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
76. ↑ "ASRock Z77 Pro3". ASRock. http://www.asrock.com/mb/Intel/Z77 Pro3/. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
77. ↑ "ASRock Z77 Extreme6". ASRock. http://www.asrock.com/mb/Intel/Z77 Extreme6/. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
78. ↑ "ASRock B85M Pro4". ASRock. http://www.asrock.com/mb/intel/b85m pro4/. Retrieved 3 January 2017.
79. ↑ "ASRock Z87 Extreme6". ASRock. http://www.asrock.com/mb/Intel/Z87 Extreme6/. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
80. ↑ "ASRock Z97 Extreme4". ASRock. http://asrock.com/mb/Intel/Z97 Extreme4/. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
81. ↑ "ASRock Z370M-ITX/ac". ASRock. https://www.asrock.com/mb/Intel/Z370M-ITXac/. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
82. ↑ "Z8NA-D6 | Servers & Workstations" (in en). https://www.asus.com/Commercial-Servers-Workstations/Z8NAD6/.
83. ↑ "Asus P6T6 WS Revolution". Asus. http://www.asus.com/Motherboards/P6T6_WS_Revolution. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
84. ↑ "MSI Z68A-GD80 (B3)". MSI. Archived from the original on 2 July 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120702041628/http://www.msi.com/product/mb/Z68A-GD80--B3-.html. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
85. ↑ "X99A XPOWER GAMING TITANIUM". MSI. https://us.msi.com/Motherboard/X99A-XPOWER-GAMING-TITANIUM.html. Retrieved 23 Jan 2017.
86. ↑ "B150M PRO-VD". MSI. https://www.msi.com/Motherboard/B150M-PRO-VD.html. Retrieved 22 Oct 2016.
87. ↑ "Z170A SLI PLUS". MSI. https://us.msi.com/Motherboard/Z170A-SLI-PLUS.html. Retrieved 20 Sep 2019.
88. ↑ "Intel Z490 Chipset". Intel.com. https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/201834/intel-z490-chipset.html. Retrieved 2020-11-01.
89. ↑ "Intel Z370 Chipset". Intel.com. https://ark.intel.com/products/125903/Intel-Z370-Chipset. Retrieved 2017-11-18.
90. ↑ "Intel Z170 Chipset". Intel.com. http://ark.intel.com/products/90591. Retrieved 2016-04-02.
91. ↑ "Intel X99 Chipset". Intel.com. http://ark.intel.com/products/81761. Retrieved 2016-04-02.
92. ↑ "Intel X79 Express Chipset". Intel.com. http://ark.intel.com/products/64015. Retrieved 2016-04-02.
93. ↑ "Intel Q170 Chipset". Intel.com. http://ark.intel.com/products/90587. Retrieved 2016-04-02.
94. ↑ "Intel Q150 Chipset". Intel.com. http://ark.intel.com/products/90588. Retrieved 2016-04-02.
95. ↑ "Intel Q87 Chipset". Intel.com. http://ark.intel.com/products/75007/Intel-DH82Q87-PCH. Retrieved 2014-02-23.
96. ↑ "Intel Q77 Express Chipset". Intel.com. http://ark.intel.com/products/64027. Retrieved 2016-04-02.
97. ↑ "Intel Q67 Express Chipset". Intel.com. http://ark.intel.com/products/52812. Retrieved 2016-04-02.
98. ↑ "Intel Q45 Express Chipset". Intel.com. http://ark.intel.com/products/36527. Retrieved 2016-04-02.
99. ↑ "Intel P55 Express Chipset". Intel.com. http://ark.intel.com/products/42690/Intel-BD82P55-PCH. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
100. ↑ "Intel Q35 Express Chipset". Intel.com. http://ark.intel.com/products/31918. Retrieved 2016-04-02.
101. ↑ 101.0 101.1 "AMD Platform Specifications". Amd.com. https://www.amd.com/us/products/server/processors/Pages/amd-platform-specifications.aspx. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
102. ↑ "LKML thread". https://lkml.org/lkml/2013/4/2/367. Retrieved 2013-09-06.
103. ↑ "List of AMD CPUs supporting AMD-V and AMD-RVI to run Hyper-V in MS Windows 8". Amd.com. http://support.amd.com/en-us/kb-articles/Pages/GPU120AMDRVICPUsHyperVWin8.aspx. Retrieved 2015-10-12.
104. ↑ "AMD FX Key Architectural Features". Amd.com. https://www.amd.com/us/products/desktop/processors/amdfx/Pages/amdfx-key-architectural-features.aspx. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
105. ↑ AMD support ticket 8200534822
106. ↑ "Six-Core AMD Opteron Processor Features". Amd.com. https://www.amd.com/us/products/server/processors/six-core-opteron/Pages/six-core-opteron-key-architectural-features.aspx. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
107. ↑ "ASUS F2A55-M USER MANUAL". Garth W Martin - (Tested on 2/24/2014). http://www.asus.com/Motherboards/F2A55M/#support. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
108. ↑ 108.0 108.1 "Re: IOMMU support for FM2A75M-DGS?". DBAMAN6. http://forums.tweaktown.com/asrock/51473-iommu-support-fm2a75m-dgs.html. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
109. ↑ "IOMMU Bios releases". Alphac. http://www.asrock.com/MB/overview.asp?cat=Download&os=BIOS&Model=FM2A75 Pro4-M. Retrieved 9 April 2013.
110. ↑ "ASUS F2A85-V PRO USER MANUAL". Garth W Martin - (Tested on 2/24/2014). http://www.asus.com/Motherboards/F2A85V_PRO/#support. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
111. ↑ "Ubuntu 13.10 dmesg throws "[Firmware Bug: AMD-Vi: IOAPIC[5] not in IVRS table""]. Vidkoym7. http://forums.tweaktown.com/asrock/54827-ubuntu-13-10-dmesg-throws-firmware-bug-amd-vi-ioapic-5-not-ivrs-table.html. Retrieved 31 October 2013.
112. ↑ "Motherboards - M5A97 R2.0 - ASUS". Asus. http://www.asus.com/Motherboards/M5A97_R20/specifications/. Retrieved 19 September 2014.
113. ↑ "Motherboards - M5A97 LE R2.0 - ASUS". Asus. http://www.asus.com/Motherboards/M5A97_LE_R20/specifications//. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
114. ↑ "KVM VGA-Passthrough using the new vfio-vga support in kernel =>3.9 (Page 228) / Kernel & Hardware / Arch Linux Forums". https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?pid=1546056#p1546056.
115. ↑ "ESXi 5.0 AMD Whitebox Server for $500 with Passthrough (IOMMU), Build #2". vintagedon. http://thehomeserverblog.com/esxi/esxi-5-0-amd-whitebox-server-for-500-with-passthrough-iommu-build-2/. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
116. ↑ 116.0 116.1 "Easy solution to get IOMMU working on mobos with broken BIOSes.". leonmaxx. http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2254677. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
117. ↑ http://www.sapphiretech.com/presentation/product/?cid=2&gid=1089&sgid=1099&pid=1128&psn=&lid=1&leg=0# // available after bios update Nov9 2012
118. ↑ "ESXi - Desktop - HTPC - SAN/NAS all in one". Derek Glover. http://nexentastor.org/boards/12/topics/7912#message-8260. Retrieved 24 January 2013.
119. ↑ "X300 Owners Thread". SmallFormFactor.net. 2024-10-17. https://smallformfactor.net/forum/threads/16-10-2024-asrock-deskmini-a-x300-bios-p1-90-sl01-s3-support-p1-90c-acs-support-for-x300-p3-70e-for-a300-agesa-combo-v2-pi-1-2-0-cc.18423/post-290115. Retrieved 2024-10-17.
120. ↑ "AMD Bulldozer series 9 chipset detailed". NordicHardware. 2011-01-21. http://www.nordichardware.se/nyheter/amd-bulldozer-series-9-chipset-detailed.html. Retrieved 2016-05-04.
121. ↑ "ATI Radeon HD 5450 Graphics". AMD. https://www.amd.com/us/products/desktop/graphics/ati-radeon-hd-5000/hd-5450-overview/Pages/hd-5450-overview.aspx#1. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
122. ↑ "MSI R5450 ESXi 5.1 Test". http://hardforum.com/showthread.php?t=1724083&page=2. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
123. ↑ "ATI Radeon HD 5770 Graphics". AMD. https://www.amd.com/us/products/desktop/graphics/ati-radeon-hd-5000/hd-5770/pages/ati-radeon-hd-5770-overview.aspx. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
124. ↑ "ATI Radeon HD 5850 Graphics". AMD. https://www.amd.com/us/products/desktop/graphics/ati-radeon-hd-5000/hd-5850/Pages/ati-radeon-hd-5850-overview.aspx. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
125. ↑ "AMD Radeon HD 6870 Graphics". AMD. https://www.amd.com/US/PRODUCTS/DESKTOP/GRAPHICS/AMD-RADEON-HD-6000/HD-6870/Pages/amd-radeon-hd-6870-overview.aspx. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
126. ↑ "AMD Radeon HD 6950 Graphics". AMD. https://www.amd.com/US/PRODUCTS/DESKTOP/GRAPHICS/AMD-RADEON-HD-6000/HD-6950/Pages/amd-radeon-hd-6950-overview.aspx. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
127. ↑ "AMD Radeon HD 7970 Graphics". AMD. https://www.amd.com/us/products/desktop/graphics/7000/7970/Pages/radeon-7970.aspx. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
128. ↑ "VMware Communities: VMDirectPath and ATI Radeon". VMware. http://communities.vmware.com/message/2102021#2102021. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
129. ↑ "AMD Radeon R7 260X Graphics". AMD. https://www.amd.com/en-us/products/graphics/desktop/r7#.
130. ↑ "AMD Radeon R9 290 Graphics". AMD. https://www.amd.com/en-us/products/graphics/desktop/r9#.
131. ↑ "Bug Bounty: NVidia Reset Bug For RTX 5090 and RTX PRO 6000". CloudRift. 2025-08-05. https://www.cloudrift.ai/blog/bug-bounty-nvidia-reset-bug. Retrieved 2025-09-14.
132. ↑ "Nvidia RTX 5090 reset bug prompts $1,000 reward for a fix — cards become completely unresponsive and require a reboot after virtualization reset bug, also impacts RTX PRO 6000". Tom's Hardware. 2025-09-07. https://www.tomshardware.com/pc-components/gpus/rtx-5090-pro-6000-bug-forces-host-reboot. Retrieved 2025-09-14.
133. ↑ "GeForce GTX 460". Nvidia. http://www.geforce.com/hardware/desktop-gpus/geforce-gtx-460. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
134. ↑ "Ubisoft Is Playing With Linux & Xen Virtualization". Phoronix. https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=OTY2NA. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
135. ↑ "NVIDIA Quadro 2000". Nvidia. http://www.nvidia.com/object/product-quadro-2000-us.html. Retrieved 17 December 2013.

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