Amorphous carbonia

Amorphous carbonia, also called a-carbonia or a-CO2, is an exotic amorphous solid form of carbon dioxide that is analogous to amorphous silica glass. It was first made in the laboratory in 2006 by subjecting dry ice to high pressures (40-48 gigapascal, or 400,000 to 480,000 atmospheres), in a diamond anvil cell.[1] Amorphous carbonia is not stable at ordinary pressures—it quickly reverts to normal CO2.[2] While normally carbon dioxide forms molecular crystals, where individual molecules are bound by Van der Waals forces, in amorphous carbonia a covalently bound three-dimensional network of atoms is formed, in a structure analogous to silicon dioxide or germanium dioxide glass.

Mixtures of a-carbonia and a-silica may be a prospective very hard and stiff glass material stable at room temperature. Such glass may serve as protective coatings, e.g. in microelectronics.

The discovery has implications for astrophysics, as interiors of massive planets may contain amorphous solid carbon dioxide.

## Notes

1. ↑ Francis, J. (2008). Philosophy Of Mathematics. Global Vision Publishing House. p. 198. ISBN 9788182202672. https://books.google.com/books?id=6UGGgTXUJCEC. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
2. ↑ "Carbon dioxide glass created in the lab". www.newscientisttech.com. 15 June 2006. https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn9339-carbon-dioxide-glass-created-in-the-lab.html.

## References

* Paul F. McMillan (2006). "Solid-state chemistry: A glass of carbon dioxide". Nature 441 (7095): 823. doi:10.1038/441823a. PMID 16778880. Bibcode: 2006Natur.441..823M.
* Mario Santoro; Federico A. Gorelli; Roberto Bini; Giancarlo Ruocco; Sandro Scandolo; Wilson A. Crichton (2006). "Amorphous silica-like carbon dioxide". Nature 441 (7095): 857–60. doi:10.1038/nature04879. PMID 16778885. Bibcode: 2006Natur.441..857S.

## External links

* Dry ice creates toughened glass
* Physicsweb: Dry ice forms ultrahard glass

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