Verbenaceae

The Verbenaceae (/ˌvɜːrbəˈneɪsi.iː/ VUR-bə-NAY-see-ee), the verbena family or vervain family, is a family of mainly tropical flowering plants. It contains trees, shrubs, and herbs notable for heads, spikes, or clusters of small flowers, many of which have an aromatic smell.[1]

The family Verbenaceae includes 32 genera and 800 species.[2] Phylogenetic studies[3] have shown that numerous genera traditionally classified in Verbenaceae belong instead in Lamiaceae. The mangrove genus Avicennia, sometimes placed in the Verbenaceae[4] or in its own family, Avicenniaceae,[5] has been placed in the Acanthaceae.[6]

Economically important Verbenaceae include:

* Lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla), grown for aroma or flavoring
* Verbenas or vervains (Verbena), some used in herbalism, others grown in gardens

## Contents

* 1 Taxonomy
* 1.1 Excluded genera
* 2 References
* 3 External links

## Taxonomy

Golden dew drops (Duranta erecta) Frog fruit (Phyla nodiflora) Glandularia pulchella in Kerala

33 genera are accepted.[7] Tribes and genera in the family[8] and their estimated species numbers:[2]

Casselieae (Schauer) Tronc.

* Casselia Nees & Mart. \- 6 species
* Parodianthus Tronc. \- 2 species
* Tamonea Aubl. \- 6 species

Citharexyleae Briq.

* Citharexylum L. (fiddlewoods) - 60 species
* Rehdera Moldenke \- 3 species

Duranteae Bent.

* Bouchea Cham. \- 13 species
* Chascanum E.Mey \- 27 species
* Duranta L. \- 31 species
* Recordia Moldenke \- 2 species
* Stachytarpheta Vahl \- 120 species

Lantaneae Endl.

* Aloysia Palau (beebrushes) - 36 species
* Coelocarpum Balf.f. \- 6 species
* Diphyllocalyx (Griseb.) Greuter & R.Rankin \- 6 species
* Isidroa Greuter & R.Rankin \- 1 species
* Lantana L. (shrub verbenas, lantanas) - 100 species
* Lippia L. (synonym Burroughsia Moldenke) - 140 species
* Nashia Millsp. \- 1 species
* Phyla Lour. (frogfruits) - 5 species
* Salimenaea N.O'Leary & P.Moroni – 1 species
* Troncosoa N.O'Leary & P.Moroni \- 1 species

Neospartoneae Olmstead & N.O'Leary

* Diostea Miers \- 1 species
* Lampayo Phil. ex Murillo \- 3 species
* Neosparton Griseb. \- 3 species

Petreeae Briq.

* Petrea L. (sandpaper vines) - 12 species

Priveae Briq.

* Pitraea Turcz. \- 1 species
* Priva Adans. \- 20 species

Verbeneae Dumort.

* Glandularia J.F.Gmel. \- 88 species
* Hierobotana Briq. \- 1 species
* Junellia Moldenke \- 38 species
* Mulguraea N.O’Leary & P.Peralta \- 11 species
* Verbena L. (verbenas/vervains) - 57 species

Unassigned

* Dipyrena Hook. \- 1 species
* Rhaphithamnus Miers \- 2 species

### Excluded genera

Various genera formerly included in the family Verbenaceae are now treated under other families:[9]

Moved to Acanthaceae

* Avicennia L.

Moved to Lamiaceae

* Amasonia L.f.
* Brachysola (F.Muell.) Rye
* Callicarpa L.
* Caryopteris Bunge
* Chloanthes R.Br.
* Clerodendrum L.
* Congea Roxb.
* Cornutia L.
* Cyanostegia Turcz.
* Dicrastylis J.Drumm. ex Harv.
* Discretitheca P.D.Cantino
* Faradaya F.Muell.
* Garrettia H.R.Fletcher
* Glossocarya Wall. ex Griff.
* Gmelina L.
* Hemiphora (F.Muell.) F.Muell.
* Holmskioldia Retz.
* Hosea Ridl.
* Hymenopyramis Wall. ex Griff.
* Kalaharia Baill.
* Karomia Dop
* Lachnostachys Hook.
* Mallophora Endl.
* Monochilus Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
* Newcastelia F.Muell.
* Oncinocalyx F.Muell.
* Oxera Labill.
* Peronema Jack
* Petitia Jacq.
* Petraeovitex Oliv.
* Physopsis Turcz.
* Pityrodia R.Br.
* Premna L.
* Pseudocarpidium Millsp.
* Pseudocaryopteris P.D.Cantino
* Rotheca Raf.
* Schnabelia Hand.-Mazz.
* Spartothamnella Briq.
* Sphenodesme Jack
* Symphorema Roxb.
* Tectona L.f.
* Teijsmanniodendron Koord.
* Teucridium Hook.f.
* Tripora P.D.Cantino
* Vitex L.

Moved to Oleaceae

* Dimetra Kerr
* Nyctanthes L.

Moved to Orobanchaceae

* Asepalum Marais
* Cyclocheilon Oliv.
* Nesogenes A.DC.

Moved to Phrymaceae

* Phryma L.

Moved to Stilbaceae

* Campylostachys Kunth
* Euthystachys A.DC.
* Stilbe P.J.Bergius
* Thesmophora Rourke

## References

1. ↑ Stevens, P. F. (July 12, 2012). "Verbenaceae". Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. https://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APWeb/orders/Lamialesweb.htm#Verbenaceae. Retrieved September 24, 2013.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Cardoso PH, O'Leary N, Olmstead RG, Moroni P, Thode VA (2021). "An update of the Verbenaceae genera and species number". Plant Ecology and Evolution 154 (1): 80–86. doi:10.5091/plecevo.2021.1821.
3. ↑ Cantino, P.D., Harley, R.M. & Wagstaff, S.J. 1992. Genera of Labiatae: status and classification. Pp. 511-522. In Harley, R.M. & Reynolds, T. (eds) Advances in Labiate Science. Richmond, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
4. ↑ Grandtner, Miroslav M. (2005). Elsevier's Dictionary of Trees: With Names in Latin, English, French, Spanish and Other Languages. 1. Elsevier. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-444-51784-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=yjc5ZYWtkNAC.
5. ↑ Nelson, Gil (1994). The Trees of Florida: a Reference and Field Guide. Pineapple Press. p. 52. ISBN 978-1-56164-055-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=Wzmo7cHvhZkC.
6. ↑ "Angiosperm Phylogeny Website - Lamiales". Missouri Botanical Garden. https://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/APweb/orders/lamialesweb.htm#Lamiales.
7. ↑ "Verbenaceae J.St.-Hil.". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000070-2.
8. ↑ Marx H, O’Leary N, Yuan Y, Lu-Irving P, Tank DC, Múlgura ME, Olmstead, RG (2010). "A molecular phylogeny and classification of Verbenaceae". American Journal of Botany 97 (10): 1647–1663. doi:10.3732/ajb.1000144. PMID 21616800.
9. ↑ "GRIN genera sometimes placed in Verbenaceae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnothlist.pl?1176.

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## External links

* Data related to Verbenaceae at Wikispecies
* Verbenaceae of Mongolia in FloraGREIF. .
* Verbenaceae in BoDD - Botanical Dermatology Database

Template:Angiosperm families Wikidata ☰ Q156960 entry

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