Legislator

Short description: Person who writes and passes laws

A legislator, or lawmaker, is a person who writes and passes laws, especially someone who is a member of a legislature. Legislators are often elected by the people, but they can be appointed, or hereditary. Legislatures may be supra-national (for example, the European Parliament), national (for example, the United States Congress), sub-national, such as US states,[1] Canadian provinces or German Länder, or local (for example, local authorities).

## Contents

* 1 Overview
* 2 Terminology
* 2.1 By country
* 3 Substitute legislator
* 4 See also
* 5 References
* 6 External links

## Overview

The political theory of the separation of powers requires legislators to be independent individuals from the members of the executive and the judiciary. Certain political systems adhere to this principle, others do not. In the United Kingdom and other countries using the Westminster system, for example, the executive is formed almost exclusively from legislators (members of the parliament), and the executive Cabinet itself has delegated legislative power.

In continental European jurisprudence and legal discussion, "the legislator" (le législateur) is the abstract entity that has produced the laws. When there is room for interpretation, the intent of the legislator will be questioned, and the court is directed to rule in the direction it judges to best fit the legislative intent, which can be difficult in the case of conflicting laws or constitutional provisions.

## Terminology

The local term for a legislator is usually a derivation of the local term for the relevant legislature. Typical examples include

* Parliament: member of parliament
* Assembly: member of the assembly
* Legislature: member of the legislature
* Congress: member of congress
* Senate: senator
* House of Representatives: representative
* The generic term "deputy" may also be used, deriving from the concept that the legislator is "deputising" for the electorate of their electoral district.

### By country

This is an incomplete list of terms for a national legislator:

Country  | Title  | Legislature

|
|

Algeria  | نواب (Député)  | People's National Assembly
Argentina  | Diputado Nacional | Chamber of Deputies
Senador | Senate
Diputado provincial | Several provincial Chambers of Deputies
Belarus  | Дэпутат (deputat)  | House of Representatives
Belgium  | Provincial executive member: Gedeputeerde (Dutch) / Député (French) / Deputierter (German)  | Deputation / Provincial College (provincial executive body)
In French, député is sometimes also used to denote a member of parliament.  | Chamber of Representatives or a regional parliament
Bolivia  | Diputado/Diputada | Chamber of Deputies
Brazil  | Deputado estadual | Legislative Assemblies
Deputado federal | Chamber of Deputies
Bulgaria  | Депутат (Deputat)  | National Assembly
Canada  | Senator,[2] Sénateur | Senate of Canada
Member of Parliament (MP)[3] / Député | House of Commons of Canada
Chile  | Diputado/Diputada | Chamber of Deputies
Senador/Senadora | Senate
China  | Deputy (人大代表)  | National People's Congress
Colombia  | Diputado/Diputada | Departamental Assemblies
Costa Rica  | Diputado/Diputada | Legislative Assembly
Denmark  | Folketingsmedlem | Folketinget
Dominican Republic  | Diputado/Diputada | Chamber of Deputies of the Dominican Republic
Ecuador  | Asambleísta (before 2007, diputado)  | National Assembly
El Salvador  | Diputado/Diputada | Legislative Assembly
France  | Député/Députée | National Assembly
Sénateur/Sénatrice | Senate
Germany  | Gesetzgeber | Bundestag
Guatemala  | Diputado/Diputada | Congress of the Republic
Guernsey  | People's Deputy | States of Guernsey
Haiti  | Député[4] | Chamber of Deputies
Honduras  | Diputado/Diputada | National Congress
India  | Member of Parliament | Lok Sabha
Iran  | مجلس شورای اسلامی | Islamic Consultative Assembly
Ireland | Senators / Seanadóirí | Seanad Éireann
Teachta Dála (TD)  | Dáil Éireann
Italy  | Deputato | Chamber of Deputies
Jersey  | Deputy | States Assembly
Kazakhstan  | Депутат (deputat)  | Mäjilis
Latvia  | Deputāts | Saeima
Lebanon  | Député/النواب (Nuwwab, or deputy)  | Parliament
Luxembourg  | Deputéierten / Député | Chamber of Deputies
Mexico  | Diputado/Diputada | Chamber of Deputies
Netherlands  | Gedeputeerde | Provincial executive (European Netherlands)
Eilandgedeputeerde | Bestuurscollege (Caribbean Netherlands)
Nicaragua  | Diputado/Diputada | National Assembly
North Korea  | Deputy (대의원; taeŭiwŏn)[5][6] | Supreme People's Assembly
Panama  | Diputado/Diputada | National Assembly
Paraguay  | Diputado/Diputada | Chamber of Deputies
Portugal  | Deputado | Assembly of the Republic
Romania  | Deputat | Chamber of Deputies
Russia  | Депутат (deputat)  | State Duma and regional legislative bodies
Somalia  | Deputy | Federal Parliament
Spain  | Diputado/Diputada | Congress of Deputies
Thailand  | Senator (วุฒิสมาชิก; ส.ว.)  | Senate
Member of the H.R. (สมาชิกสภาผู้แทนราษฎร; ส.ส.)  | House of Representatives
Ukraine  | People's Deputy of Ukraine (Депутат)  | Verkhovna Rada
United Kingdom  | Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal  | House of Lords
Member of Parliament (MP)  | House of Commons
United States of America  | Senator  | Senate
Representative; Congressperson  | House of Representatives
Uruguay  | Diputado/Diputada | Chamber of Representatives
Venezuela  | Diputado/Diputada | National Assembly
Vietnam  | Đại biểu Quốc hội | National Assembly

## Substitute legislator

Some legislatures provide each legislator with an official "substitute legislator" who deputises for the legislator in the legislature if the elected representative is unavailable. Venezuela, for example, provides for substitute legislators (diputado suplente) to be elected under Article 186 of its 1999 constitution.[7] Ecuador, Panama, and the U.S. state of Idaho also have substitute legislators.[8]

## See also

* List of legislatures by country

## References

1. ↑ Little, T.H.; Ogle, D.B. (2006). The Legislative Branch of State Government: People, Process, and Politics. ABC-CLIO's about state government. ABC-CLIO. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-85109-761-6. https://archive.org/details/legislativebranc0000litt. Retrieved June 26, 2019.
2. ↑ Senators. Parliament of Canada.
3. ↑ "Guide to the Canadian House of Commons: The Role of a Member of Parliament. Parliament of Canada.
4. ↑ "Chambre des députés". Le Parlement haitien. http://parlementhaitien.ht/chambre-des-deputes/.
5. ↑ "Socialist Constitution". Chapter IV, Section 1, Article 89. http://www.naenara.com.kp/main/index/en/politics?arg_val=leader3.
6. ↑ "Error: no `|title=` specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ko). 제6장, 제1절, 제89조. http://www.naenara.com.kp/main/index/ko/politics?arg_val=leader3.Error:+no+`|title=`+specified when+using+{{[[Template:Cite+web|Cite+web]]}}&rft.atitle=&rft.pages=제6장,+제1절,+제89조&rft_id=http://www.naenara.com.kp/main/index/ko/politics?arg_val=leader3&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikibooks.org:Social:Legislator">
7. ↑ "Asamblea Nacional Constituyente". Tribunal Supremo de Justicia. http://www.tsj.gov.ve/legislacion/constitucion1999.htm.
8. ↑ Russell, Betsy (16 March 2014). "Idaho's substitute law unique". https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2014/mar/16/idahos-substitute-law-unique/.

## External links

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