Solid (state of matter)

A solid is one of the main states of matter. Solids are made up of atoms or molecules that only move within a very small range in relation to one another.

Some solids can vapourize directly into a gas. This is called sublimation. Examples of this are dry ice becoming carbon dioxide gas, and ice disappearing without melting.

Some of the properties of a solid are bulk modulus,which is a measure of how a solid responds to deformation, hardness, which is a measure of how a solid resists abrasion, and melting point, which is the temparature at which a solid becomes a liquid.

Solids at their respective melting point change to liquids.

A crystaline solid has atoms or molecules aranged in a regular repeated pattern and may abruptly change phase as the temperature changes.

An amorphous solid is an apparently solid substance that does not abruptly change its phase as its temperature changes. The atoms or molecules in it are aranged randomly.

## Solid measures

Quantities of liquids are measured in units of volume, such as the cubic metre (m³), and mass, such as the kilogram (kg).

## See also

* List of states of matter

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States of matter (list)

State|

* Solid
* Liquid
* Gas / Vapor
* Plasma

Low energy|

* Bose–Einstein condensate
* Fermionic condensate
* Degenerate matter
* Quantum Hall
* Rydberg matter
* Rydberg polaron
* Strange matter
* Superfluid
* Supersolid
* Photonic matter

High energy|

* QCD matter
* Lattice QCD
* Quark–gluon plasma
* Color-glass condensate
* Supercritical fluid

Other states|

* Colloid
* Glass
* Crystal
* Liquid crystal
* Time crystal
* Quantum spin liquid
* Exotic matter
* Programmable matter
* Dark matter
* Antimatter
* Magnetically ordered
* Antiferromagnet
* Ferrimagnet
* Ferromagnet
* String-net liquid
* Superglass

Transitions|

* Boiling
* Boiling point
* Condensation
* Critical line
* Critical point
* Crystallization
* Deposition
* Evaporation
* Flash evaporation
* Freezing
* Chemical ionization
* Ionization
* Lambda point
* Melting
* Melting point
* Recombination
* Regelation
* Saturated fluid
* Sublimation
* Supercooling
* Triple point
* Vaporization
* Vitrification

Quantities|

* Enthalpy of fusion
* Enthalpy of sublimation
* Enthalpy of vaporization
* Latent heat
* Latent internal energy
* Trouton's ratio
* Volatility

Concepts|

* Baryonic matter
* Binodal
* Compressed fluid
* Cooling curve
* Equation of state
* Leidenfrost effect
* Macroscopic quantum phenomena
* Mpemba effect
* Order and disorder
* Spinodal
* Superconductivity
* Superheated vapor
* Superheating
* Thermo-dielectric effect

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