Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle

Short description: Retired Indian small-lift launch vehicle

For the virus, see Avian sarcoma leukosis virus.

Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle

ASLV liftoff

Function| Small-lift launch vehicle
Manufacturer| ISRO
Country of origin| India
Size
Height| 23.5 m (77 ft)
Diameter| 1 m (3 ft 3 in)
Mass| 41,000 kg (90,000 lb)
Capacity
Payload to 400 km LEO| 150 kg (330 lb)
Associated rockets
Family| SLV, PSLV
Launch history
Status| Retired
Launch sites| Satish Dhawan Space Centre
Total launches| 4
Successes| 1
Failures| 2
Partial failures| 1
First flight| 24 March 1987
Last flight| 4 May 1994
Notable payloads| SROSS
First stage
Engines| 2 solid
Thrust| 502.6 kN (113,000 lbf) each
Specific impulse| 253 seconds (2.48 km/s)
Burn time| 49 seconds
Fuel| Solid
Second stage
Engines| 1 solid
Thrust| 702.6 kN (158,000 lbf)
Specific impulse| 259 seconds (2.54 km/s)
Burn time| 45 seconds
Fuel| Solid
Third stage
Engines| 1 solid
Thrust| 304 kN (68,000 lbf)
Specific impulse| 276 seconds (2.71 km/s)
Burn time| 36 seconds
Fuel| Solid
Fourth stage
Engines| 1 solid
Thrust| 90.7 kN (20,400 lbf)
Specific impulse| 277 seconds (2.72 km/s)
Burn time| 45 seconds
Fuel| Solid
Fifth stage
Engines| 1 solid
Thrust| 35 kN (7,900 lbf)
Specific impulse| 281 seconds (2.76 km/s)
Burn time| 33 seconds
Fuel| Solid

The Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV) was a small-lift launch vehicle five-stage solid-fuel rocket developed by ISRO to place 150 kg satellites into LEO.[1] This project was started by India during the early 1980s to develop technologies needed for a payload to be placed into a geostationary orbit.[2][3] Its design was based on Satellite Launch Vehicle.[4] ISRO did not have sufficient funds for both the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle programme and the ASLV programme at the same time and the ASLV programme was terminated after the initial developmental flights.[2] The payloads of ASLV were Stretched Rohini Satellites.[4]

## Contents

* 1 Vehicle
* 2 History
* 3 Launch history
* 4 Launch statistics
* 5 See also
* 6 References

## Vehicle

The ASLV was a five-stage vehicle. Two strap-on boosters acted as a first stage, with the core stage igniting after booster burn out. The payload capacity of the ASLV was approximately 150 kg (330 lb) to an orbit of 400 km (250 mi) with a 47-degree inclination.[4]

At liftoff, the ASLV generated 909.9 kN (204,500 lbf) of thrust. It was a 41,000-kilogram (90,000 lb) rocket, measuring 23.5 metres (77 ft) in length with a core diameter of one metre (3 ft 3 in).[4] The height to diameter ratio of ASLV was very large which resulted in the vehicle being unstable in flight. This was compounded by the fact that many of the critical events during a launch like the core ignition and the booster separation happened at the Tropopause where the dynamic loads on the launcher was at the maximum.[5] The aerodynamic characterization research was conducted at the National Aerospace Laboratories' 1.2m Trisonic Wind Tunnel Facility.[6]

## History

The ASLV made four launches, of which one was successful, two failed to achieve orbit, and a third achieved a lower than planned orbit which decayed quickly. The type made its maiden flight on 24 March 1987, and its final flight on 4 May 1994.

## Launch history

All four ASLV launches occurred from the ASLV Launch Pad at the Sriharikota Range. For vertically integrated ASLV, many SLV-3 ground facilities were reused but a new launch pad with retractable Mobile Service Structure was constructed within the same launch complex.[7]

Flight No.  | Date / time (UTC)  | Rocket,

Configuration

| Launch site  | Payload  | Payload mass  | Orbit  | User  | Launch
outcome

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

D1  | 24 March 1987[8] | ASLV  | Satish Dhawan Space Centre | SROSS-A | 150 kg (330 lb)  |  |  | Failure
First stage failed to ignite after launch
D2  | 13 July 1988[8] | ASLV  | Satish Dhawan Space Centre | SROSS-B | 150 kg (330 lb)  |  |  | Failure
Control problems caused launcher to disintegrate
D3  | 20 May 1992[8] | ASLV  | Satish Dhawan Space Centre | SROSS-C | 106 kg (234 lb)  |  |  | Partial failure[9]
Orbit lower than expected and incorrect spin-stabilization. Decayed quickly.
D4  | 5 May 1994[8][10] | ASLV  | Satish Dhawan Space Centre | SROSS-C2 | 113 kg (249 lb)  |  |  | Success[9]

## Launch statistics

Script error: No such module "Chart".

Decade-wise summary of ASLV launches

Decade  | Successful  | Partial success  | Failure  | Total

|
|
|
|

1980s  | 0  | 0  | 2  | 2
1990s  | 1  | 1  | 0  | 2
Total  | 1  | 1  | 2  | 4

## See also

* Comparison of orbital launchers families

## References

1. ↑ "ASLV". http://www.isro.org/launchers/aslv.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Space Launch Vehicles - ASLV". http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/SPACE/space-launchers-aslv.html.
3. ↑ Menon, Amarnath (15 April 1987). "Setback in the sky". India Today. http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/failure-of-aslv-mission-comes-a-major-blow-to-india-ambitious-space-programme/1/336942.html.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "ASLV". http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/aslv.htm.
5. ↑ Mukunth, Vasudevan. "U.R. Rao, Former Chairman Who Helped ISRO Settle Down" (in en-GB). https://thewire.in/160902/ur-rao-isro-aslv-unispace-cryogenic/.
6. ↑ "Bengaluru: 1.2m trisonic wind tunnel at National Aerospace Laboratories completes 55 years of service" (in en). 2022-06-06. https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/bengaluru-12m-trisonic-wind-tunnel-at-national-aerospace-laboratories-completes-55-years-of-service20220606001500/.
7. ↑ Indian Space Research Organization (2015). "4.1 The Spaceport of ISRO - K. Narayana" (in en). From Fishing Hamlet to Red Planet: India's Space Journey. India: Harper Collins. pp. 328, 329. ISBN 9789351776901. https://www.isro.gov.in/pslv-c25-mars-orbiter-mission/fishing-hamlet-to-red-planet-download-e-book. Retrieved 2018-02-09. "While most of the facilities realised for SLV-3 was utilised for ASLV, a new launch pad was built in the same complex.This was because, unlike SLV-3, the ASLV had strap-ons and was vertically integrated."
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Page. http://www.planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Stretched Rohini Satellite Series 3 & C2". http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/sross3.html.
10. ↑ "List of ASLV Launches". https://www.isro.gov.in/launchers/list-of-aslv-launches.

* v
* t
* e

Orbital launch systems

* List of orbital launch systems
* Comparison of orbital launch systems

Current|

* Angara
* A5
* Antares 230+
* Ariane 5
* Atlas V
* Delta IV Heavy
* Electron
* Epsilon
* Falcon 9 Block 5
* Falcon Heavy
* GSLV
* Mk II
* Mk III
* H-IIA
* H-IIB
* Hyperbola-1
* Jielong 1
* Kuaizhou
* 1
* 1A
* Kaituozhe 2
* Long March
* 2C
* 2D
* 2F
* 3A
* 3B/E
* 3C
* 4B
* 4C
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 11
* Minotaur
* I
* IV
* V
* C
* OS-M1
* Pegasus XL
* Proton-M
* PSLV
* Safir
* Shavit
* Simorgh
* Soyuz-2
* 2.1a / STA
* 2.1b / STB
* 2-1v
* Unha
* Vega
* Zenit
* 3SL
* 3SLB
* 3F
* Zhuque-1

In development|

* Angara 1.2
* Ariane 6
* Bloostar
* Cyclone-4M
* Eris
* Firefly Alpha
* Beta
* H3
* Hyperbola-2
* Irtysh
* Kuaizhou
* 11
* 21
* 31
* LauncherOne
* Long March
* 8
* 9
* Miura 5
* New Glenn
* New Line 1
* Nuri
* OmegA
* OS-M2
* OS-M4
* Orbex Prime
* SLS
* Soyuz-7
* SSLV
* Starship
* Terran 1
* Vega C
* Vega E
* Vulcan
* Zero
* Zhuque-2

Retired|

* Antares 110/120/130/230
* Ariane
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* ASLV
* Athena
* I
* II
* Atlas
* B
* D
* E/F
* G
* H
* I
* II
* III
* LV-3B
* SLV-3
* Able
* Agena
* Centaur
* Black Arrow
* Conestoga
* Delta
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* G
* J
* L
* M
* N
* 0100
* 1000
* 2000
* 3000
* 4000
* 5000
* II
* III
* IV
* Diamant
* Dnepr
* Energia
* Europa
* Falcon 1
* Falcon 9
* v1.0
* v1.1
* v1.2 "Full Thrust"
* Feng Bao 1
* GSLV
* Mk I
* H-I
* H-II
* Juno I
* Juno II
* Kaituozhe-1
* Kosmos
* 1
* 2I
* 3
* 3M
* Lambda 4S
* Long March
* 1
* 1D†
* 2A
* 2E
* 3
* 3B
* 4A
* Mu
* 4S 3C 3H 3S 3SII
* V
* N1†
* N-I
* N-II
* Naro-1
* Paektusan
* Pilot†
* R-7
* Luna
* Molniya
* M
* L
* Polyot
* Soyuz
* original
* FG
* L
* M
* U
* U2
* Soyuz/Vostok
* Sputnik
* Voskhod
* Vostok
* L
* K
* 2
* 2M
* R-29
* Shtil'
* Volna
* Saturn
* I
* IB
* V
* Scout
* SLV
* Space Shuttle
* SPARK†
* Sparta
* SS-520
* Start-1
* Thor
* Able
* Ablestar
* Agena
* Burner
* Delta
* DSV-2U
* Thorad-Agena
* Titan
* II GLV
* IIIA
* IIIB
* IIIC
* IIID
* IIIE
* 34D
* 23G
* CT-3
* IV
* Tsyklon
* 2
* 3
* 4
* UR (Proton)
* UR-500 (Proton)
* Proton-K
* Rokot
* Strela
* Vanguard
* VLS-1†
* Zenit
* 2
* 2M

Classes|

* Sounding rocket
* Small-lift launch vehicle
* Medium-lift launch vehicle
* Heavy-lift launch vehicle
* Super heavy-lift launch vehicle

* Symbol † indicates projects terminated before a successful orbital launch

* v
* t
* e

Indian space program

* Department of Space (DoS)

Organisations|

* Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
* Antrix Corporation
* Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST)
* Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS)
* Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems (LEOS)
* National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL)
* New Space India Limited
* Physical Research Laboratory (PRL)
* Development and Educational Communication Unit (DECU)
* Integrated Space Cell
* Defence Space Agency

Programmes|

* Bhaskara
* GAGAN
* GSAT
* INSAT
* IRNSS
* IRS
* Cartosat
* RISAT
* Rohini
* SROSS
* Chandrayaan
* Human Spaceflight Programme

Satellites|

* APPLE
* Aryabhata
* HAMSAT
* IMS-1
* Megha-Tropiques
* NISAR
* SARAL
* South Asia Satellite
* SRE
* SRE II
* Kalpana-1
* CARE

Space observatories|

* Astrosat
* Aditya-L1 (planned)
* AstroSat-2 (planned)

Lunar and
planetary spacecraft|

* Chandrayaan-1
* Chandrayaan-2
* Chandrayaan-3 (planned, 2021)
* Lunar Polar Exploration Mission (proposed)
* Mars Orbiter Mission
* Mars Orbiter Mission 2 (proposed)
* Shukrayaan-1 (proposed)

Crewed spacecraft|

* Gaganyaan (Under development)

Rockets|

* Engines
* CE-7.5
* CE-20
* Vikas
* Orbital
* SLV
* ASLV
* PSLV
* GSLV
* Mk I
* Mk II
* Mk III
* Suborbital
* Rohini
* ATV
* Concepts
* ULV
* Under development
* RLV Technology Demonstration Programme
* RLV-TD
* HEX
* SSLV
* SCE-200

Facilities|

* Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN)
* ISRO Satellite Centre (ISAC)
* ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC)
* Master Control Facility (MCF)
* Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC)
* Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS)
* ISRO Satellite Integration and Testing Establishment (ISITE)
* Vikram Sarabhai Space Center (VSSC)
* Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC)
* ISRO Propulsion Complex
* Human Space Flight Centre (HSFC)

Related|

* SAGA-220 (supercomputer)
* RESPOND

* List of Indian satellites
* List of Satish Dhawan Space Centre launches
* List of ISRO missions

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