Ionization energies of the elements (data page)

Short description: List of energies required to remove successive electrons from each atom

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Ionization energies of the elements" data page – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

|

Main article: Physics:Ionization energy

## Contents

* 1 Numerical values
* 2 Notes
* 3 References
* 3.1 WEL (Webelements)
* 4 External links
* 5 See also

## Numerical values

For each atom, the column marked 1 is the first ionization energy to ionize the neutral atom, the column marked 2 is the second ionization energy to remove a second electron from the +1 ion, the column marked 3 is the third ionization energy to remove a third electron from the +2 ion, and so on.

"use" and "WEL" give ionization energy in the unit kJ/mol; "CRC" gives atomic ionization energy in the unit eV.[1]

| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1 H hydrogen[2][3]
use | 1312.0
WEL | 1312.0
CRC | 13.59844[4]
2 He helium[2][3]
use | 2372.3 | 5250.5
WEL | 2372.3 | 5250.5
CRC | 24.58738[5] | 54.41776[5]
3 Li lithium[2][3]
use | 520.2 | 7298.1 | 11815.0
WEL | 520.2 | 7298.1 | 11815.0
CRC | 5.39171[6] | 75.64009[7] | 122.45435[8]
4 Be beryllium[2][3]
use | 899.5 | 1757.1 | 14848.7 | 21006.6
WEL | 899.5 | 1757.1 | 14848.7 | 21006.6
CRC | 9.32269[9] | 18.21115 | 153.89620 | 217.71858
5 B boron
use | 800.6 | 2427.1 | 3659.7 | 25025.8 | 32826.7
WEL | 800.6 | 2427.1 | 3659.7 | 25025.8 | 32826.7
CRC | 8.29803 | 25.15484 | 37.93064 | 259.37521 | 340.22580
6 C carbon
use | 1086.5 | 2352.6 | 4620.5 | 6222.7 | 37831 | 47277.0
WEL | 1086.5 | 2352.6 | 4620.5 | 6222.7 | 37831 | 47277.0
CRC | 11.26030 | 24.38332 | 47.8878 | 64.4939 | 392.087 | 489.99334
7 N nitrogen
use | 1402.3 | 2856 | 4578.1 | 7475.0 | 9444.9 | 53266.6 | 64360
WEL | 1402.3 | 2856 | 4578.1 | 7475.0 | 9444.9 | 53266.6 | 64360
CRC | 14.53414 | 29.6013 | 47.44924 | 77.4735 | 97.8902 | 552.0718 | 667.046
8 O oxygen
use | 1313.9 | 3388.3 | 5300.5 | 7469.2 | 10989.5 | 13326.5 | 71330 | 84078.0
WEL | 1313.9 | 3388.3 | 5300.5 | 7469.2 | 10989.5 | 13326.5 | 71330 | 84078.0
CRC | 13.61806 | 35.11730 | 54.9355 | 77.41353 | 113.8990 | 138.1197 | 739.29 | 871.4101
9 F fluorine
use | 1681.0 | 3374.2 | 6050.4 | 8407.7 | 11022.7 | 15164.1 | 17868 | 92038.1 | 106434.3
WEL | 1681.0 | 3374.2 | 6050.4 | 8407.7 | 11022.7 | 15164.1 | 17868 | 92038.1 | 106434.3
CRC | 17.42282 | 34.97082 | 62.7084 | 87.1398 | 114.2428 | 157.1651 | 185.186 | 953.9112 | 1103.1176
10 Ne neon
use | 2080.7 | 3952.3 | 6122 | 9371 | 12177 | 15238 | 19999.0 | 23069.5 | 115379.5 | 131432
WEL | 2080.7 | 3952.3 | 6122 | 9371 | 12177 | 15238 | 19999.0 | 23069.5 | 115379.5 | 131432
CRC | 21.5646 | 40.96328 | 63.45 | 97.12 | 126.21 | 157.93 | 207.2759 | 239.0989 | 1195.8286 | 1362.1995
11 Na sodium
use | 495.8 | 4562 | 6910.3 | 9543 | 13354 | 16613 | 20117 | 25496 | 28932 | 141362 | 159076
WEL | 495.8 | 4562 | 6910.3 | 9543 | 13354 | 16613 | 20117 | 25496 | 28932 | 141362
CRC | 5.13908 | 47.2864 | 71.6200 | 98.91 | 138.40 | 172.18 | 208.50 | 264.25 | 299.864 | 1465.121 | 1648.702
12 Mg magnesium
use | 737.7 | 1450.7 | 7732.7 | 10542.5 | 13630 | 18020 | 21711 | 25661 | 31653 | 35458 | 169988 | 189368
WEL | 737.7 | 1450.7 | 7732.7 | 10542.5 | 13630 | 18020 | 21711 | 25661 | 31653 | 35458
CRC | 7.64624 | 15.03528 | 80.1437 | 109.2655 | 141.27 | 186.76 | 225.02 | 265.96 | 328.06 | 367.50 | 1761.805 | 1962.6650
13 Al aluminium
use | 577.5 | 1816.7 | 2744.8 | 11577 | 14842 | 18379 | 23326 | 27465 | 31853 | 38473 | 42647 | 201266 | 222316
WEL | 577.5 | 1816.7 | 2744.8 | 11577 | 14842 | 18379 | 23326 | 27465 | 31853 | 38473
CRC | 5.98577 | 18.82856 | 28.44765 | 119.992 | 153.825 | 190.49 | 241.76 | 284.66 | 330.13 | 398.75 | 442.00 | 2085.98 | 2304.1410
14 Si silicon
use | 786.5 | 1577.1 | 3231.6 | 4355.5 | 16091 | 19805 | 23780 | 29287 | 33878 | 38726 | 45962 | 50502 | 235196 | 257923
WEL | 786.5 | 1577.1 | 3231.6 | 4355.5 | 16091 | 19805 | 23780 | 29287 | 33878 | 38726
CRC | 8.15169 | 16.34585 | 33.49302 | 45.14181 | 166.767 | 205.27 | 246.5 | 303.54 | 351.12 | 401.37 | 476.36 | 523.42 | 2437.63 | 2673.182
15 P phosphorus
use | 1011.8 | 1907 | 2914.1 | 4963.6 | 6273.9 | 21267 | 25431 | 29872 | 35905 | 40950 | 46261 | 54110 | 59024 | 271791 | 296195
WEL | 1011.8 | 1907 | 2914.1 | 4963.6 | 6273.9 | 21267 | 25431 | 29872 | 35905 | 40950
CRC | 10.48669 | 19.7694 | 30.2027 | 51.4439 | 65.0251 | 220.421 | 263.57 | 309.60 | 372.13 | 424.4 | 479.46 | 560.8 | 611.74 | 2816.91 | 3069.842
16 S sulfur
use | 999.6 | 2252 | 3357 | 4556 | 7004.3 | 8495.8 | 27107 | 31719 | 36621 | 43177 | 48710 | 54460 | 62930 | 68216 | 311048 | 337138
WEL | 999.6 | 2252 | 3357 | 4556 | 7004.3 | 8495.8 | 27107 | 31719 | 36621 | 43177
CRC | 10.36001 | 23.3379 | 34.79 | 47.222 | 72.5945 | 88.0530 | 280.948 | 328.75 | 379.55 | 447.5 | 504.8 | 564.44 | 652.2 | 707.01 | 3223.78 | 3494.1892
17 Cl chlorine
use | 1251.2 | 2298 | 3822 | 5158.6 | 6542 | 9362 | 11018 | 33604 | 38600 | 43961 | 51068 | 57119 | 63363 | 72341 | 78095 | 352994 | 380760
WEL | 1251.2 | 2298 | 3822 | 5158.6 | 6542 | 9362 | 11018 | 33604 | 38600 | 43961
CRC | 12.96764 | 23.814 | 39.61 | 53.4652 | 67.8 | 97.03 | 114.1958 | 348.28 | 400.06 | 455.63 | 529.28 | 591.99 | 656.71 | 749.76 | 809.40 | 3658.521 | 3946.2960
18 Ar argon
use | 1520.6 | 2665.8 | 3931 | 5771 | 7238 | 8781 | 11995 | 13842 | 40760 | 46186 | 52002 | 59653 | 66199 | 72918 | 82473 | 88576 | 397605 | 427066
WEL | 1520.6 | 2665.8 | 3931 | 5771 | 7238 | 8781 | 11995 | 13842 | 40760 | 46186
CRC | 15.75962 | 27.62967 | 40.74 | 59.81 | 75.02 | 91.009 | 124.323 | 143.460 | 422.45 | 478.69 | 538.96 | 618.26 | 686.10 | 755.74 | 854.77 | 918.03 | 4120.8857 | 4426.2296
19 K potassium
use | 418.8 | 3052 | 4420 | 5877 | 7975 | 9590 | 11343 | 14944 | 16963.7 | 48610 | 54490 | 60730 | 68950 | 75900 | 83080 | 93400 | 99710 | 444880 | 476063
WEL | 418.8 | 3052 | 4420 | 5877 | 7975 | 9590 | 11343 | 14944 | 16963.7 | 48610
CRC | 4.34066 | 31.63 | 45.806 | 60.91 | 82.66 | 99.4 | 117.56 | 154.88 | 175.8174 | 503.8 | 564.7 | 629.4 | 714.6 | 786.6 | 861.1 | 968 | 1033.4 | 4610.8 | 4934.046
20 Ca calcium
use | 589.8 | 1145.4 | 4912.4 | 6491 | 8153 | 10496 | 12270 | 14206 | 18191 | 20385 | 57110 | 63410 | 70110 | 78890 | 86310 | 94000 | 104900 | 111711 | 494850 | 527762
WEL | 589.8 | 1145.4 | 4912.4 | 6491 | 8153 | 10496 | 12270 | 14206 | 18191 | 20385 | 57110
CRC | 6.11316 | 11.87172 | 50.9131 | 67.27 | 84.50 | 108.78 | 127.2 | 147.24 | 188.54 | 211.275 | 591.9 | 657.2 | 726.6 | 817.6 | 894.5 | 974 | 1087 | 1157.8 | 5128.8 | 5469.864
21 Sc scandium
use | 633.1 | 1235.0 | 2388.6 | 7090.6 | 8843 | 10679 | 13310 | 15250 | 17370 | 21726 | 24102 | 66320 | 73010 | 80160 | 89490 | 97400 | 105600 | 117000 | 124270 | 547530 | 582163
WEL | 633.1 | 1235.0 | 2388.6 | 7090.6 | 8843 | 10679 | 13310 | 15250 | 17370 | 21726 | 24102 | 66320 | 73010 | 80160 | 89490 | 97400 | 105600 | 117000 | 124270 | 547530 | 582163
CRC | 6.5615 | 12.79967 | 24.75666 | 73.4894 | 91.65 | 110.68 | 138.0 | 158.1 | 180.03 | 225.18 | 249.798 | 687.36 | 756.7 | 830.8 | 927.5 | 1009 | 1094 | 1213 | 1287.97 | 5674.8 | 6033.712
22 Ti titanium
use | 658.8 | 1309.8 | 2652.5 | 4174.6 | 9581 | 11533 | 13590 | 16440 | 18530 | 20833 | 25575 | 28125 | 76015 | 83280 | 90880 | 100700 | 109100 | 117800 | 129900 | 137530 | 602930 | 639294
WEL | 658.8 | 1309.8 | 2652.5 | 4174.6 | 9581 | 11533 | 13590 | 16440 | 18530 | 20833 | 25575 | 28125 | 76015 | 83280 | 90880 | 100700 | 109100 | 117800 | 129900 | 137530 | 602930
CRC | 6.8281 | 13.5755 | 27.4917 | 43.2672 | 99.30 | 119.53 | 140.8 | 170.4 | 192.1 | 215.92 | 265.07 | 291.500 | 787.84 | 863.1 | 941.9 | 1044 | 1131 | 1221 | 1346 | 1425.4 | 6249.0 | 6625.82
23 V vanadium
use | 650.9 | 1414 | 2830 | 4507 | 6298.7 | 12363 | 14530 | 16730 | 19860 | 22240 | 24670 | 29730 | 32446 | 86450 | 94170 | 102300 | 112700 | 121600 | 130700 | 143400 | 151440 | 661050 | 699144
WEL | 650.9 | 1414 | 2830 | 4507 | 6298.7 | 12363 | 14530 | 16730 | 19860 | 22240 | 24670 | 29730 | 32446 | 86450 | 94170 | 102300 | 112700 | 121600 | 130700 | 143400 | 151440
CRC | 6.7462 | 14.66 | 29.311 | 46.709 | 65.2817 | 128.13 | 150.6 | 173.4 | 205.8 | 230.5 | 255.7 | 308.1 | 336.277 | 896.0 | 976 | 1060 | 1168 | 1260 | 1355 | 1486 | 1569.6 | 6851.3 | 7246.12
24 Cr chromium
use | 652.9 | 1590.6 | 2987 | 4743 | 6702 | 8744.9 | 15455 | 17820 | 20190 | 23580 | 26130 | 28750 | 34230 | 37066 | 97510 | 105800 | 114300 | 125300 | 134700 | 144300 | 157700 | 166090 | 721870 | 761733
WEL | 652.9 | 1590.6 | 2987 | 4743 | 6702 | 8744.9 | 15455 | 17820 | 20190 | 23580 | 26130 | 28750 | 34230 | 37066 | 97510 | 105800 | 114300 | 125300 | 134700 | 144300 | 157700
CRC | 6.7665 | 16.4857 | 30.96 | 49.16 | 69.46 | 90.6349 | 160.18 | 184.7 | 209.3 | 244.4 | 270.8 | 298.0 | 354.8 | 384.168 | 1010.6 | 1097 | 1185 | 1299 | 1396 | 1496 | 1634 | 1721.4 | 7481.7 | 7894.81
25 Mn manganese
use | 717.3 | 1509.0 | 3248 | 4940 | 6990 | 9220 | 11500 | 18770 | 21400 | 23960 | 27590 | 30330 | 33150 | 38880 | 41987 | 109480 | 118100 | 127100 | 138600 | 148500 | 158600 | 172500 | 181380 | 785450 | 827067
WEL | 717.3 | 1509.0 | 3248 | 4940 | 6990 | 9220 | 11500 | 18770 | 21400 | 23960 | 27590 | 30330 | 33150 | 38880 | 41987 | 109480 | 118100 | 127100 | 138600 | 148500 | 158600
CRC | 7.43402 | 15.63999 | 33.668 | 51.2 | 72.4 | 95.6 | 119.203 | 194.5 | 221.8 | 248.3 | 286.0 | 314.4 | 343.6 | 403.0 | 435.163 | 1134.7 | 1224 | 1317 | 1437 | 1539 | 1644 | 1788 | 1879.9 | 8140.6 | 8571.94
26 Fe iron
use | 762.5 | 1561.9 | 2957 | 5290 | 7240 | 9560 | 12060 | 14580 | 22540 | 25290 | 28000 | 31920 | 34830 | 37840 | 44100 | 47206 | 122200 | 131000 | 140500 | 152600 | 163000 | 173600 | 188100 | 195200 | 851800 | 895161
WEL | 762.5 | 1561.9 | 2957 | 5290 | 7240 | 9560 | 12060 | 14580 | 22540 | 25290 | 28000 | 31920 | 34830 | 37840 | 44100 | 47206 | 122200 | 131000 | 140500 | 152600 | 163000
CRC | 7.9024 | 16.1878 | 30.652 | 54.8 | 75.0 | 99.1 | 124.98 | 151.06 | 233.6 | 262.1 | 290.2 | 330.8 | 361.0 | 392.2 | 457 | 489.256 | 1266 | 1358 | 1456 | 1582 | 1689 | 1799 | 1950 | 2023 | 8828 | 9277.69
27 Co cobalt
use | 760.4 | 1648 | 3232 | 4950 | 7670 | 9840 | 12440 | 15230 | 17959 | 26570 | 29400 | 32400 | 36600 | 39700 | 42800 | 49396 | 52737 | 134810 | 145170 | 154700 | 167400 | 178100 | 189300 | 204500 | 214100 | 920870 | 966023
WEL | 760.4 | 1648 | 3232 | 4950 | 7670 | 9840 | 12440 | 15230 | 17959 | 26570 | 29400 | 32400 | 36600 | 39700 | 42800 | 49396 | 52737 | 134810 | 145170 | 154700 | 167400
CRC | 7.8810 | 17.083 | 33.50 | 51.3 | 79.5 | 102.0 | 128.9 | 157.8 | 186.13 | 275.4 | 305 | 336 | 379 | 411 | 444 | 511.96 | 546.58 | 1397.2 | 1504.6 | 1603 | 1735 | 1846 | 1962 | 2119 | 2219.0 | 9544.1 | 10012.12
28 Ni nickel
use | 737.1 | 1753.0 | 3395 | 5300 | 7339 | 10400 | 12800 | 15600 | 18600 | 21670 | 30970 | 34000 | 37100 | 41500 | 44800 | 48100 | 55101 | 58570 | 148700 | 159000 | 169400 | 182700 | 194000 | 205600 | 221400 | 231490 | 992718 | 1039668
WEL | 737.1 | 1753.0 | 3395 | 5300 | 7339 | 10400 | 12800 | 15600 | 18600 | 21670 | 30970 | 34000 | 37100 | 41500 | 44800 | 48100 | 55101 | 58570 | 148700 | 159000 | 169400
CRC | 7.6398 | 18.16884 | 35.19 | 54.9 | 76.06 | 108 | 133 | 162 | 193 | 224.6 | 321.0 | 352 | 384 | 430 | 464 | 499 | 571.08 | 607.06 | 1541 | 1648 | 1756 | 1894 | 2011 | 2131 | 2295 | 2399.2 | 10288.8 | 10775.40
29 Cu copper
use | 745.5 | 1957.9 | 3555 | 5536 | 7700 | 9900 | 13400 | 16000 | 19200 | 22400 | 25600 | 35600 | 38700 | 42000 | 46700 | 50200 | 53700 | 61100 | 64702 | 163700 | 174100 | 184900 | 198800 | 210500 | 222700 | 239100 | 249660 | 1067358 | 1116105
WEL | 745.5 | 1957.9 | 3555 | 5536 | 7700 | 9900 | 13400 | 16000 | 19200 | 22400 | 25600 | 35600 | 38700 | 42000 | 46700 | 50200 | 53700 | 61100 | 64702 | 163700 | 174100
CRC | 7.72638 | 20.29240 | 36.841 | 57.38 | 79.8 | 103 | 139 | 166 | 199 | 232 | 265.3 | 369 | 401 | 435 | 484 | 520 | 557 | 633 | 670.588 | 1697 | 1804 | 1916 | 2060 | 2182 | 2308 | 2478 | 2587.5 | 11062.38 | 11567.617
30 Zn zinc
use | 906.4 | 1733.3 | 3833 | 5731 | 7970 | 10400 | 12900 | 16800 | 19600 | 23000 | 26400 | 29990 | 40490 | 43800 | 47300 | 52300 | 55900 | 59700 | 67300 | 71200 | 179100
WEL | 906.4 | 1733.3 | 3833 | 5731 | 7970 | 10400 | 12900 | 16800 | 19600 | 23000 | 26400 | 29990 | 40490 | 43800 | 47300 | 52300 | 55900 | 59700 | 67300 | 71200 | 179100
CRC | 9.3942 | 17.96440 | 39.723 | 59.4 | 82.6 | 108 | 134 | 174 | 203 | 238 | 274 | 310.8 | 419.7 | 454 | 490 | 542 | 579 | 619 | 698 | 738 | 1856
31 Ga gallium
use | 578.8 | 1979.3 | 2963 | 6180
WEL | 578.8 | 1979.3 | 2963 | 6180
CRC | 5.99930 | 20.5142 | 30.71 | 64
32 Ge germanium
use | 762 | 1537.5 | 3302.1 | 4411 | 9020
WEL | 762 | 1537.5 | 3302.1 | 4411 | 9020
CRC | 7.8994 | 15.93462 | 34.2241 | 45.7131 | 93.5
33 As arsenic
use | 947.0 | 1798 | 2735 | 4837 | 6043 | 12310
WEL | 947.0 | 1798 | 2735 | 4837 | 6043 | 12310
CRC | 9.7886 | 18.633 | 28.351 | 50.13 | 62.63 | 127.6
34 Se selenium
use | 941.0 | 2045 | 2973.7 | 4144 | 6590 | 7880 | 14990
WEL | 941.0 | 2045 | 2973.7 | 4144 | 6590 | 7880 | 14990
CRC | 9.75238 | 21.19 | 30.8204 | 42.9450 | 68.3 | 81.7 | 155.4
35 Br bromine
use | 1139.9 | 2103 | 3470 | 4560 | 5760 | 8550 | 9940 | 18600
WEL | 1139.9 | 2103 | 3470 | 4560 | 5760 | 8550 | 9940 | 18600
CRC | 11.81381 | 21.8 | 36 | 47.3 | 59.7 | 88.6 | 103.0 | 192.8
36 Kr krypton
use | 1350.8 | 2350.4 | 3565 | 5070 | 6240 | 7570 | 10710 | 12138 | 22274 | 25880 | 29700 | 33800 | 37700 | 43100 | 47500 | 52200 | 57100 | 61800 | 75800 | 80400 | 85300 | 90400 | 96300 | 101400 | 111100 | 116290 | 282500 | 296200 | 311400 | 326200
WEL | 1350.8 | 2350.4 | 3565 | 5070 | 6240 | 7570 | 10710 | 12138 | 22274 | 25880 | 29700 | 33800 | 37700 | 43100 | 47500 | 52200 | 57100 | 61800 | 75800 | 80400 | 85300
CRC | 13.99961 | 24.35985 | 36.950 | 52.5 | 64.7 | 78.5 | 111.0 | 125.802 | 230.85 | 268.2 | 308 | 350 | 391 | 447 | 492 | 541 | 592 | 641 | 786 | 833 | 884 | 937 | 998 | 1051 | 1151 | 1205.3 | 2928 | 3070 | 3227 | 3381
37 Rb rubidium
use | 403.0 | 2633 | 3860 | 5080 | 6850 | 8140 | 9570 | 13120 | 14500 | 26740
WEL | 403.0 | 2633 | 3860 | 5080 | 6850 | 8140 | 9570 | 13120 | 14500 | 26740
CRC | 4.17713 | 27.285 | 40 | 52.6 | 71.0 | 84.4 | 99.2 | 136 | 150 | 277.1
38 Sr strontium
use | 549.5 | 1064.2 | 4138 | 5500 | 6910 | 8760 | 10230 | 11800 | 15600 | 17100 | 31270
WEL | 549.5 | 1064.2 | 4138 | 5500 | 6910 | 8760 | 10230 | 11800 | 15600 | 17100
CRC | 5.6949 | 11.03013 | 42.89 | 57 | 71.6 | 90.8 | 106 | 122.3 | 162 | 177 | 324.1
39 Y yttrium
use | 600 | 1180 | 1980 | 5847 | 7430 | 8970 | 11190 | 12450 | 14110 | 18400 | 19900 | 36090
WEL | 600 | 1180 | 1980 | 5847 | 7430 | 8970 | 11190 | 12450 | 14110 | 18400
CRC | 6.2171 | 12.24 | 20.52 | 60.597 | 77.0 | 93.0 | 116 | 129 | 146.2 | 191 | 206 | 374.0
40 Zr zirconium
use | 640.1 | 1270 | 2218 | 3313 | 7752 | 9500
WEL | 640.1 | 1270 | 2218 | 3313 | 7752 | 9500
CRC | 6.63390 | 13.13 | 22.99 | 34.34 | 80.348
41 Nb niobium
use | 652.1 | 1380 | 2416 | 3700 | 4877 | 9847 | 12100
WEL | 652.1 | 1380 | 2416 | 3700 | 4877 | 9847 | 12100
CRC | 6.75885 | 14.32 | 25.04 | 38.3 | 50.55 | 102.057 | 125
42 Mo molybdenum
use | 684.3 | 1560 | 2618 | 4480 | 5257 | 6640.8 | 12125 | 13860 | 15835 | 17980 | 20190 | 22219 | 26930 | 29196 | 52490 | 55000 | 61400 | 67700 | 74000 | 80400 | 87000 | 93400 | 98420 | 104400 | 121900 | 127700 | 133800 | 139800 | 148100 | 154500
WEL | 684.3 | 1560 | 2618 | 4480 | 5257 | 6640.8 | 12125 | 13860 | 15835 | 17980 | 20190 | 22219 | 26930 | 29196 | 52490 | 55000 | 61400 | 67700 | 74000 | 80400 | 87000
CRC | 7.09243 | 16.16 | 27.13 | 46.4 | 54.49 | 68.8276 | 125.664 | 143.6 | 164.12 | 186.4 | 209.3 | 230.28 | 279.1 | 302.60 | 544.0 | 570 | 636 | 702 | 767 | 833 | 902 | 968 | 1020 | 1082 | 1263 | 1323 | 1387 | 1449 | 1535 | 1601
43 Tc technetium
use | 686.9 | 1470 | 2850
WEL | 702 | 1470 | 2850
CRC | 7.28 | 15.26 | 29.54
Mattolat et al.[10] | 7.119380(32) eV
44 Ru ruthenium
use | 710.2 | 1620 | 2747
WEL | 710.2 | 1620 | 2747
CRC | 7.36050 | 16.76 | 28.47
45 Rh rhodium
use | 719.7 | 1740 | 2997
WEL | 719.7 | 1740 | 2997
CRC | 7.45890 | 18.08 | 31.06
46 Pd palladium
use | 804.4 | 1870 | 3177
WEL | 804.4 | 1870 | 3177
CRC | 8.3369 | 19.43 | 32.93
47 Ag silver
use | 731.0 | 2070 | 3361
WEL | 731.0 | 2070 | 3361
CRC | 7.5762 | 21.49 | 34.83
48 Cd cadmium
use | 867.8 | 1631.4 | 3616
WEL | 867.8 | 1631.4 | 3616
CRC | 8.9938 | 16.90832 | 37.48
49 In indium
use | 558.3 | 1820.7 | 2704 | 5210
WEL | 558.3 | 1820.7 | 2704 | 5210
CRC | 5.78636 | 18.8698 | 28.03 | 54
50 Sn tin
use | 708.6 | 1411.8 | 2943.0 | 3930.3 | 7456
WEL | 708.6 | 1411.8 | 2943.0 | 3930.3 | 7456
CRC | 7.3439 | 14.63225 | 30.50260 | 40.73502 | 72.28
51 Sb antimony
use | 834 | 1594.9 | 2440 | 4260 | 5400 | 10400
WEL | 834 | 1594.9 | 2440 | 4260 | 5400 | 10400
CRC | 8.6084 | 16.53051 | 25.3 | 44.2 | 56 | 108
52 Te tellurium
use | 869.3 | 1790 | 2698 | 3610 | 5668 | 6820 | 13200
WEL | 869.3 | 1790 | 2698 | 3610 | 5668 | 6820 | 13200
CRC | 9.0096 | 18.6 | 27.96 | 37.41 | 58.75 | 70.7 | 137
53 I iodine
use | 1008.4 | 1845.9 | 3180
WEL | 1008.4 | 1845.9 | 3180
CRC | 10.45126 | 19.1313 | 33
54 Xe xenon
use | 1170.4 | 2046.4 | 3099.4
WEL | 1170.4 | 2046.4 | 3099.4
CRC | 12.1298 | 21.20979 | 32.1230
55 Cs caesium
use | 375.7 | 2234.3 | 3400
WEL | 375.7 | 2234.3 | 3400
CRC | 3.89390 | 23.15745
56 Ba barium
use | 502.9 | 965.2 | 3600
WEL | 502.9 | 965.2 | 3600
CRC | 5.21170 | 10.00390
57 La lanthanum
use | 538.1 | 1067 | 1850.3 | 4819 | 5940
WEL | 538.1 | 1067 | 1850.3 | 4819 | 5940
CRC | 5.5769 | 11.060 | 19.1773 | 49.95 | 61.6
58 Ce cerium
use | 534.4 | 1050 | 1949 | 3547 | 6325 | 7490
WEL | 534.4 | 1050 | 1949 | 3547 | 6325 | 7490
CRC | 5.5387 | 10.85 | 20.198 | 36.758 | 65.55 | 77.6
59 Pr praseodymium
use | 527 | 1020 | 2086 | 3761 | 5551
WEL | 527 | 1020 | 2086 | 3761 | 5551
CRC | 5.473 | 10.55 | 21.624 | 38.98 | 57.53
60 Nd neodymium
use | 533.1 | 1040 | 2130 | 3900
WEL | 533.1 | 1040 | 2130 | 3900
CRC | 5.5250 | 10.73 | 22.1 | 40.41
61 Pm promethium
use | 540 | 1050 | 2150 | 3970
WEL | 540 | 1050 | 2150 | 3970
CRC | 5.582 | 10.90 | 22.3 | 41.1
62 Sm samarium
use | 544.5 | 1070 | 2260 | 3990
WEL | 544.5 | 1070 | 2260 | 3990
CRC | 5.6436 | 11.07 | 23.4 | 41.4
63 Eu europium
use | 547.1 | 1085 | 2404 | 4120
WEL | 547.1 | 1085 | 2404 | 4120
CRC | 5.6704 | 11.241 | 24.92 | 42.7
64 Gd gadolinium
use | 593.4 | 1170 | 1990 | 4250
WEL | 593.4 | 1170 | 1990 | 4250
CRC | 6.1501 | 12.09 | 20.63 | 44.0
65 Tb terbium
use | 565.8 | 1110 | 2114 | 3839
WEL | 565.8 | 1110 | 2114 | 3839
CRC | 5.8638 | 11.52 | 21.91 | 39.79
66 Dy dysprosium
use | 573.0 | 1130 | 2200 | 3990
WEL | 573.0 | 1130 | 2200 | 3990
CRC | 5.9389 | 11.67 | 22.8 | 41.47
67 Ho holmium
use | 581.0 | 1140 | 2204 | 4100
WEL | 581.0 | 1140 | 2204 | 4100
CRC | 6.0215 | 11.80 | 22.84 | 42.5
68 Er erbium
use | 589.3 | 1150 | 2194 | 4120
WEL | 589.3 | 1150 | 2194 | 4120
CRC | 6.1077 | 11.93 | 22.74 | 42.7
69 Tm thulium
use | 596.7 | 1160 | 2285 | 4120
WEL | 596.7 | 1160 | 2285 | 4120
CRC | 6.18431 | 12.05 | 23.68 | 42.7
70 Yb ytterbium
use | 603.4 | 1174.8 | 2417 | 4203
WEL | 603.4 | 1174.8 | 2417 | 4203
CRC | 6.25416 | 12.1761 | 25.05 | 43.56
71 Lu lutetium
use | 523.5 | 1340 | 2022.3 | 4370 | 6445
WEL | 523.5 | 1340 | 2022.3 | 4370 | 6445
CRC | 5.4259 | 13.9 | 20.9594 | 45.25 | 66.8
72 Hf hafnium
use | 658.5 | 1440 | 2250 | 3216
WEL | 658.5 | 1440 | 2250 | 3216
CRC | 6.82507 | 14.9 | 23.3 | 33.33
73 Ta tantalum
use | 761 | 1500
WEL | 761 | 1500
CRC | 7.5496
74 W tungsten
use | 770 | 1700
WEL | 770 | 1700
CRC | 7.8640
75 Re rhenium
use | 760 | 1260 | 2510 | 3640
WEL | 760 | 1260 | 2510 | 3640
CRC | 7.8335
76 Os osmium
use | 840 | 1600
WEL | 840 | 1600
CRC | 8.4382
77 Ir iridium
use | 880 | 1600
WEL | 880 | 1600
CRC | 8.9670
78 Pt platinum
use | 870 | 1791
WEL | 870 | 1791
CRC | 8.9587 | 18.563 | 28[11]
79 Au gold
use | 890.1 | 1980
WEL | 890.1 | 1980
CRC | 9.2255 | 20.5 | 30[11]
80 Hg mercury
use | 1007.1 | 1810 | 3300
WEL | 1007.1 | 1810 | 3300
CRC | 10.43750 | 18.756 | 34.2
81 Tl thallium
use | 589.4 | 1971 | 2878
WEL | 589.4 | 1971 | 2878
CRC | 6.1082 | 20.428 | 29.83
82 Pb lead
use | 715.6 | 1450.5 | 3081.5 | 4083 | 6640
WEL | 715.6 | 1450.5 | 3081.5 | 4083 | 6640
CRC | 7.41666 | 15.0322 | 31.9373 | 42.32 | 68.8
83 Bi bismuth
use | 703 | 1610 | 2466 | 4370 | 5400 | 8520
WEL | 703 | 1610 | 2466 | 4370 | 5400 | 8520
CRC | 7.2856 | 16.69 | 25.56 | 45.3 | 56.0 | 88.3
84 Po polonium
use | 812.1
WEL | 812.1
CRC | 8.417
85 At astatine
use | 899.003
WEL | 920
CRC
talk | [1]
Originally quoted as 9.31751(8) eV.
86 Rn radon
use | 1037
WEL | 1037
CRC | 10.74850
87 Fr francium
use | 380
WEL | 380
CRC | 4.0727
talk | Andreev, S.V.; Letokhov, V.S.; Mishin, V.I. (1987). "Laser resonance photoionization spectroscopy of Rydberg levels in Fr". Phys. Rev. Lett. 59 (12): 1274–76. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.59.1274. PMID 10035190. Bibcode: 1987PhRvL..59.1274A. give 4.0712±0.00004 eV (392.811(4) kJ/mol)
88 Ra radium
use | 509.3 | 979.0
WEL | 509.3 | 979.0
CRC | 5.2784 | 10.14716
89 Ac actinium
use | 499 | 1170
WEL | 499 | 1170
CRC | 5.17 | 12.1
90 Th thorium
use | 587 | 1110 | 1930 | 2780
WEL | 587 | 1110 | 1930 | 2780
CRC | 6.3067 | 11.5 | 20.0 | 28.8
91 Pa protactinium
use | 568
WEL | 568
CRC | 5.89
92 U uranium
use | 597.6 | 1420
WEL | 597.6 | 1420
CRC | 6.19405 | 14.72
93 Np neptunium
use | 604.5
WEL | 604.5
CRC | 6.2657
94 Pu plutonium
use | 584.7
WEL | 584.7
CRC | 6.0262
95 Am americium
use | 578
WEL | 578
CRC | 5.9738
96 Cm curium
use | 581
WEL | 581
CRC | 5.9915
97 Bk berkelium
use | 601
WEL | 601
CRC | 6.1979
98 Cf californium
use | 608
WEL | 608
CRC | 6.2817
99 Es einsteinium
use | 619
WEL | 619
CRC | 6.42
100 Fm fermium
use | 627
WEL | 627
CRC | 6.50
101 Md mendelevium
use | 635
WEL | 635
CRC | 6.58
102 No nobelium
use | 642
WEL
CRC | 6.65
103 Lr lawrencium
use | 470
WEL
CRC | 4.9
104 Rf rutherfordium
use | 580
WEL
CRC | 6.0

## Notes

* Values from CRC are ionization energies given in the unit eV; other values are molar ionization energies given in the unit kJ/mol. The first of these quantities is used in atomic physics, the second in chemistry, but both refer to the same basic property of the element. To convert from "value of ionization energy" to the corresponding "value of molar ionization energy", the conversion is:

1 eV = 96.48534 kJ/mol
1 kJ/mol = 0.0103642688 eV[12]

## References

1. ↑ Lide, David R., ed (2003–2004). "Ionization Potentials of Atoms and Atomic Ions – Section 10. Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (84th edition). CRC Press. pp. 10-178 to 10-180. https://abu.ut.ac.ir/documents/83901321/98999218/crc.pdf. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Martin, W.C.; Musgrove, A.; Kotochigova, S.; Sansonetti, S.E. (September 2013). Kramida, Alexander. ed (in en). Ground Levels and Ionization Energies for the Neutral Atoms. 100 Bureau Drive Gaithersburg, MD 20899, Maryland: National Institute of Standards and Technology. doi:10.18434/T42P4C. https://www.nist.gov/pml/ground-levels-and-ionization-energies-neutral-atoms. Retrieved December 16, 2020.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Kramida, A.Expression error: Unrecognized word "et". (October 2019). Ralchenko, Yuri. ed (in en). Ionization Energies Data. 100 Bureau Drive Gaithersburg, MD 20899, Maryland: NIST Atomic Spectra Database. March 1995. doi:10.18434/T4W30F. https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/ASD/ie.pl?spectra=H-DS+i&units=1&at_num_out=on&el_name_out=on&shells_out=on&level_out=on&e_out=0&unc_out=on&biblio=on. Retrieved December 16, 2020.
4. ↑ Mohr, P.J. (December 6, 2019). Energy Levels of Hydrogen and Deuterium. 100 Bureau Drive Gaithersburg, MD 20899, Maryland: National Institute of Standards and Technology. doi:10.18434/T4V01G. https://www.nist.gov/pml/energy-levels-hydrogen-and-deuterium. Retrieved December 16, 2020.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Kandula, D.Z.; Gohle, C.; Pinkert, T.J.; Ubachs, W.; Eikerna, K.S.E. (April 8, 2010). "Extreme Ultraviolet Frequency Comb Metrology" (in en). Physical Review Letters (Amsterdam) 105 (6): 063001. August 6, 2010. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.063001. PMID 20867977. Bibcode: 2010PhRvL.105f3001K. https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.063001. Retrieved December 16, 2020.
6. ↑ Bushaw, B.A.; Nörtershäuser, W.; Drake, G.W.F.; Kluge, H.F. (May 8, 2007). written at University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada. "Ionization energy of 6,7Li determined by triple-resonance laser spectroscopy" (in en). Physical Review A (Windsor, Canada: American Physical Society) 75 (5): 8. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.75.052503. https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.75.052503. Retrieved December 16, 2020.
7. ↑ Drake, G.W. (1988). written at Windsor University, Ontario, Canada. "Theoretical energies for the n=1 and 2 states of the helium isoelectronic sequence up to Z=100" (in en). Canadian Journal of Physics (Ottawa, Canada: Canadian Science Publishing) 66 (7): 586–611. July 1, 1998. doi:10.1139/p88-100. Bibcode: 1988CaJPh..66..586D. https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.1139/p88-100. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
8. ↑ Erickson, G.W. (October 15, 2009). written at Physics Department, University of California, Davis, California 95616. "Energy Levels of One-Electron Atoms" (in en). Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data (Department of Physics, University of California (UC), 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States: American Institute of Physics) 6 (3): 831–869. doi:10.1063/1.555557. ISSN 0047-2689. OCLC 150326853. Bibcode: 1977JPCRD...6..831E. https://srd.nist.gov/JPCRD/jpcrd100.pdf. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
9. ↑ Beigang, R.; Schmidt, D.; West, P.J. (November 1, 1983). written at FU Berlin, 1000 Berlin 33, F.R.G.. "LASER SPECTROSCOPY OF HIGH RYDBERG STATES OF LIGHT ALKALINE-EARTH ELEMENTS : Be AND Mg" (in en). Le Journal de Physique Colloques. Optogalvanic Spectroscopy and its Applications (Berlin, Germany: Colloque International du C.N.R.S.) 44 (C7): 229–237. doi:10.1051/jphyscol:1983719. https://jphyscol.journaldephysique.org/articles/jphyscol/abs/1983/07/jphyscol198344C719/jphyscol198344C719.html. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
10. ↑ Mattolat, C.; Gottwald, T.; Raeder, S.; Rothe, S.; Schwellnus, F.; Wendt, K.; Thörle-Pospiech, P.; Trautmann, N. (24 May 2010). "Determination of the first ionization potential of technetium". Physical Review A 81: 052513. https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.81.052513. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 https://dept.astro.lsa.umich.edu/~cowley/ionen.htm archived
12. ↑ "Unit Conversions". http://greif.geo.berkeley.edu/~driver/conversions.html.

### WEL (Webelements)

As quoted at http://www.webelements.com/ from these sources:

* J.E. Huheey, E.A. Keiter, and R.L. Keiter in Inorganic Chemistry : Principles of Structure and Reactivity, 4th edition, HarperCollins, New York, USA, 1993.
* A.M. James and M.P. Lord in Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data, Macmillan, London, UK, 1992.

## External links

* NIST Atomic Spectra Database Ionization Energies

## See also

* Molar ionization energies of the elements

* v
* t
* e

Chemical elements data

Elements|

* List of chemical elements—atomic mass, atomic number, symbol, name
* Periodic table

Data|

* Abundance of the chemical elements in Earth's crust, sea water, Sun and solar system
* data page
* Atomic radius empirical, calculated, van der Waals radius, covalent radius
* data page
* Boiling point
* data page
* Critical point
* data page
* Density solid, liquid, gas
* data page
* Elastic properties of the elements: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, bulk modulus, shear modulus
* data page
* Electrical resistivity
* data page
* Electron affinity
* data page
* Electron configuration
* data page
* Electronegativity (Pauling scale)
* data page
* Hardness: Mohs hardness, Vickers hardness, Brinell hardness
* data page
* Heat capacity
* data page
* Heat of fusion
* data page
* Heat of vaporization
* data page
* Ionization energy (in eV) and molar ionization energies (in kJ/mol)
* data page
* Melting point
* data page
* Molar ionization energy
* Oxidation state
* data table
* Speed of sound
* data page
* Standard atomic weight
* Thermal conductivity
* data page
* Thermal expansion
* data page
* Vapor pressure
* data page

* v
* t
* e

Periodic table

Periodic table forms|

| Standard|

* 18-column
* 32-column

|

Alternative|

* Alternatives
* Janet's left step table

Extended|

* Extension beyond the 7th period
* Aufbau
* Fricke
* Pyykkö

Sets of elements|

| By periodic table structure|

| Groups|

* 1 (Alkali metals)
* 2 (Alkaline earth metals)
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15 (Pnictogens)
* 16 (Chalcogens)
* 17 (Halogens)
* 18 (Noble gases)

|

Periods|

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8+
* Aufbau
* Fricke
* Pyykkö

Blocks|

* s-block
* p-block
* d-block
* f-block
* g-block
* Aufbau principle

By metallicity|

| Metals|

* Alkali metals
* Alkaline earth metals
* Lanthanides
* Actinides
* Transition metals
* Post-transition metals

|

Metalloids|

* Lists of metalloids by source
* Dividing line

Nonmetals|

* Reactive nonmetals
* Noble gases

Other sets|

* Platinum-group metals (PGM)
* Rare-earth elements
* Refractory metals
* Precious metals
* Coinage metals
* Noble metal
* Heavy metals
* Native metals
* Transuranium elements
* Superheavy elements
* Major actinides
* Minor actinides

Elements|

| Lists|

* By: Abundance (in humans)
* Atomic properties
* Nuclear stability
* Production
* Symbol

|

Properties|

* Crystal structure
* Electron configuration
* Electronegativity
* Goldschmidt classification
* Term symbol

Data pages|

* Abundance
* Atomic radius
* Boiling point
* Critical point
* Density
* Elasticity
* Electrical resistivity
* Electron affinity
* Electron configuration
* Electronegativity
* Hardness
* Heat capacity
* Heat of fusion
* Heat of vaporization
* Ionization energy
* Melting point
* Oxidation state
* Speed of sound
* Thermal conductivity
* Thermal expansion coefficient
* Vapor pressure

History|

* Element discoveries
* Mendeleev's predictions
* Naming
* etymology
* controversies
* for places
* for people
* in East Asia

See also|

* IUPAC
* nomenclature
* systematic element name
* Trivial name
* Dmitri Mendeleev

* Book
* Category

0.00

(0 votes)

Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionization energies of the elements (data page). Read more

|

Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Chemistry:Ionization_energies_of_the_elements_(data_page)&oldid=665766"
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template