Erbium(III) chloride

Names
IUPAC name

Erbium(III) chloride

Other names

Erbium trichloride

Identifiers

CAS Number

* 10138-41-7 (anhydrous) N

3D model (JSmol)

* Interactive image

ChemSpider |

* 59656 Y

EC Number |

* 233-385-0

PubChem CID

* 66277

UNII |

* 867J5QOF46 N

InChI

* InChI=1S/3ClH.Er/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3 Y

Key: HDGGAKOVUDZYES-UHFFFAOYSA-K Y

* InChI=1/3ClH.Er/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3

Key: HDGGAKOVUDZYES-DFZHHIFOAE

SMILES

* Cl[Er](Cl)Cl

Properties

Chemical formula

| ErCl
3 (anhydrous)
ErCl
3 * 6H2O (hexahydrate)
Molar mass | 273.62 g/mol (anhydrous)
381.71 g/mol (hexahydrate)
Appearance  | violet hygroscopic monoclinic crystals (anhydrous)
pink hygroscopic crystals (hexahydrate)
Density | 4.1 g/cm3 (anhydrous)
Melting point |  776 °C (1,429 °F; 1,049 K) (anhydrous)
decomposes (hexahydrate)
Boiling point |  1,500 °C (2,730 °F; 1,770 K)

Solubility in water

| soluble in water (anhydrous)
slightly soluble in ethanol (hexahydrate)[1]
Structure[2]

Crystal structure

| monoclinic

Space group

| C2/m, No. 12

Lattice constant

a = 6.80 Å, b = 11.79 Å, c = 6.39 Å

α = 90°, β = 110.7°, γ = 90°

Lattice volume (V)

| 479 Å3

Formula units (Z)

| 4
Related compounds

Other anions

| Erbium(III) oxide

Other cations

| Holmium(III) chloride, Thulium(III) chloride

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Erbium(III) chloride is a violet solid with the formula ErCl
3. It is used in the preparation of erbium metal.

## Contents

* 1 Preparation
* 2 Structural data
* 3 Optical properties
* 4 Catalytic properties
* 5 References

## Preparation

Erbium(III) chloride hydrate photographed under a fluorescent lamp

Anhydrous erbium(III) chloride can be produced by the ammonium chloride route.[3][4][5] In the first step, erbium(III) oxide is heated with ammonium chloride to produce the ammonium salt of the pentachloride:

3 \+ 10 [NH
4]Cl → 2 [NH

2ErCl
5 \+ 6 H
2O + 6 NH

In the second step, the ammonium chloride salt is converted to the trichloride by heating in a vacuum at 350-400 °C:

[NH

2ErCl
5 → ErCl
3 \+ 2 HCl + 2 NH

## Structural data

Erbium(III) chloride forms crystals of the AlCl
3 type, with monoclinic crystals and the point group C2/m.[2]

Erbium(III) chloride hexahydrate also forms monoclinic crystals with the point group of P2/n (P2/c) - C42h. In this compound, erbium is octa-coordinated to form [Er(H
2O)
6Cl
2]+
ions with the isolated Cl−
completing the structure.[6]

## Optical properties

Erbium(III) chloride solutions show a negative nonlinear absorption effect.[7][clarification needed]

## Catalytic properties

The use of erbium(III) chloride as a catalyst has been demonstrated in the acylation of alcohols and phenols[8] and in an amine functionalisation of furfural.[9] It is a catalyst for Friedel–Crafts-type reactions, and can be used in place of cerium(III) chloride for Luche reductions.[10]

## References

1. ↑ Lide, David R. (1998). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87 ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. pp. 4–57. ISBN 0-8493-0594-2.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "The Crystal Structure of Yttrium Trichloride and Similar Compounds". J Phys Chem 58 (11): 940–943. 1954. doi:10.1021/j150521a002.
3. ↑ Brauer, G., ed (1963). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (2nd ed.). New York: Academic Press.
4. ↑ Meyer, G. (1989). "The Ammonium Chloride Route to Anhydrous Rare Earth Chlorides—The Example of Ycl 3". The Ammonium Chloride Route to Anhydrous Rare Earth Chlorides-The Example of YCl3. Inorganic Syntheses. 25. pp. 146–150. doi:10.1002/9780470132562.ch35. ISBN 978-0-470-13256-2.
5. ↑ Edelmann, F. T.; Poremba, P. (1997). Herrmann, W. A.. ed. Synthetic Methods of Organometallic and Inorganic Chemistry. VI. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag. ISBN 978-3-13-103021-4.
6. ↑ "Crystallographic data for solvated rare earth chlorides". Acta Crystallographica 21 (6): 1012–1013. 1966. doi:10.1107/S0365110X66004420.
7. ↑ "All-optical liquid device derived from negative nonlinear absorption effect in an erbium chloride solution". Applied Physics Letters 73 (17): 2411–2413. 1998. doi:10.1063/1.122450. Bibcode: 1998ApPhL..73.2411M.
8. ↑ Dalpozzo Renato, De Nino Antonio, Maiuolo Loredana, Oliverio Manuela, Procopio Antonio, Russo Beatrice, Tocci Amedeo (2007) Erbium(iii) Chloride: a Very Active Acylation Catalyst. Australian Journal of Chemistry 60, 75-79. doi:10.1071/CH06346
9. ↑ Synthesis of trans-4,5-Bis-dibenzylaminocyclopent-2-enone from Furfural Catalyzed by ErCl3·6H2O Mónica S. Estevão, Ricardo J. V. Martins, and Carlos A. M. Afonso Journal of Chemical Education 2017 94 (10), 1587-1589 {DOI|10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00470}
10. ↑ Luche, Jean-Louis (2001-04-15), John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, ed. (in en), Erbium(III) Chloride, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. re006, doi:10.1002/047084289x.re006, ISBN 978-0-471-93623-7

* v
* t
* e

Erbium compounds

* ErCl3
* ErBr3
* ErI3
* Er2O3
* ErB4
* ErB6

* v
* t
* e

Salts and covalent derivatives of the chloride ion

HCl |  |  |  | He

|
|
|
|

LiCl | BeCl2 | BCl3
B2Cl4 | CCl4 | NCl3
ClN3 | Cl2O
ClO2
Cl2O7 | ClF
ClF3
ClF5 | Ne
NaCl | MgCl2 | AlCl
AlCl3 | SiCl4 | P2Cl4
PCl3
PCl5 | S2Cl2
SCl2
SCl4 | Cl2 | Ar
KCl | CaCl
CaCl2 | ScCl3 | TiCl2
TiCl3
TiCl4 | VCl2
VCl3
VCl4
VCl5 | CrCl2
CrCl3
CrCl4 | MnCl2 | FeCl2
FeCl3 | CoCl2
CoCl3 | NiCl2 | CuCl
CuCl2 | ZnCl2 | GaCl2
GaCl3 | GeCl2
GeCl4 | AsCl3
AsCl5 | Se2Cl2
SeCl4 | BrCl | KrCl
RbCl | SrCl2 | YCl3 | ZrCl3
ZrCl4 | NbCl4
NbCl5 | MoCl2
MoCl3
MoCl4
MoCl5
MoCl6 | TcCl4 | RuCl3 | RhCl3 | PdCl2 | AgCl | CdCl2 | InCl
InCl2
InCl3 | SnCl2
SnCl4 | SbCl3
SbCl5 | Te3Cl2
TeCl4 | ICl
ICl3 | XeCl
XeCl2
CsCl | BaCl2 |  | HfCl4 | TaCl5 | WCl2
WCl3
WCl4
WCl5
WCl6 | Re3Cl9
ReCl4
ReCl5
ReCl6 | OsCl4 | IrCl2
IrCl3
IrCl4 | PtCl2
PtCl4 | AuCl
AuCl3 | Hg2Cl2,
HgCl2 | TlCl | PbCl2,
PbCl4 | BiCl3 | PoCl2,
PoCl4 | AtCl  | RnCl2
FrCl | RaCl2 |  | Rf  | Db  | Sg  | Bh  | Hs  | Mt  | Ds  | Rg  | Cn  | Nh  | Fl  | Mc  | Lv  | Ts  | Og
| ↓  |  |
LaCl3 | CeCl3 | PrCl3 | NdCl2,
NdCl3 | PmCl3 | SmCl2,
SmCl3 | EuCl2,
EuCl3 | GdCl3 | TbCl3 | DyCl2,
DyCl3 | HoCl3 | ErCl3 | TmCl2
TmCl3 | YbCl2
YbCl3 | LuCl3
AcCl3 | ThCl4 | PaCl5 | UCl3
UCl4
UCl5
UCl6 | NpCl4 | PuCl3 | AmCl2
AmCl3 | CmCl3 | BkCl3 | CfCl3 | EsCl3 | Fm  | Md  | No  | LrCl3

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