Osteoma

Other names: Benign osteogenic tumors, unspecified and osteoma NOS.[1] Not recommended: ivory exostosis, parosteal osteoma, torus palatines/mandibularis[1]
CT scan showing an osteoma growing on inside of skull bone
Specialty| Orthopedics
Symptoms| None, pain, headache[1]
Complications| Pressure symptoms[1]
Usual onset| Slow[1]
Causes| Unknown[1]
Diagnostic method| Medical imaging: X-ray, CT scan, MRI[1]
Treatment| None, surgery[1]
Frequency| Males=Females[1]

Osteoma (plural: "osteomata" or "osteomas"), is a non-cancerous bone tumor, a type osteogenic tumor, where a new piece of bone typically grows on another piece of bone, usually on the skull and near the sinuses.[1][2] Often there are no symptoms as the tumor grows slowly, but there may be pain, headache, blocked paranasal sinuses or local swelling.[1] It may present with sinusitis.[3]

The cause is unknown.[1] Osteomas are also found in Gardner's syndrome.[1]

Medical imaging such as X-ray, CT scan and MRI show dense, clearly defined, round white tumors attached to bone.[1] They can be left alone if not troubling, and surgically cut out if pressure symptoms.[1] The surgery may be possible through the nose, without making a large cut.[3]

It affects males and females equally.[1] How commonly it occurs is not known but some report up to 6.4% may be affected.[1] Findings of osteomata date back to ancient Egypt (664-332 BCE).[1]

## Contents

* 1 Signs and symptoms
* 2 Cause
* 3 Diagnosis
* 4 Treatment
* 5 Epidemiology
* 6 History
* 7 Variants
* 8 See also
* 9 References
* 10 External links

## Signs and symptoms[edit | edit source]

Osteoma of external auditory meatus

There may be no symptoms or blocked paranasal sinuses or local swelling.[1] An affected person might therefore present with an infection of the sinuses, headaches or facial pain.[3]

Often, craniofacial osteoma presents itself through eye signs and symptoms (such as protruding eyes).[4]

## Cause[edit | edit source]

The cause of osteomas is uncertain, but commonly accepted theories propose congenital, traumatic, or infectious causes.[3] Osteomas are also found in Gardner's syndrome.[1]

## Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Medical imaging such as X-ray, CT scan and MRI show dense, clearly defined, round white tumors attached to bone.[1] They may be diagnosed when having medical imaging for another reason.[3] Osteomas of the paranasal sinuses and skull base can be diagnosed using CT-scan without intravenous contrast, allowing its size and relation to nearby important structures to be assessed.[3] A biopsy is not usually required.[3]

* X-ray skull: Osteoma of the frontal sinus

* CT-scan skull: Osteoma of the frontal sinus

* X-ray skull: Osteoma of the frontal sinus

## Treatment[edit | edit source]

They can be left alone if not troubling, and surgically cut out if pressure symptoms.[1]

## Epidemiology[edit | edit source]

It most frequently affects the skull and affect males and females equally.[1] The true prevalence is not known but some reports quote up to 6.4%.[1]

Osteoma represents the most common non-cancerous tumor of the nose and paranasal sinuses.[3]

## History[edit | edit source]

Findings of osteomata date back to ancient Egypt (664-332 BCE).[1]

## Variants[edit | edit source]

* Osteoma cutis
* Fibro-osteoma
* Chondro-osteoma

## See also[edit | edit source]

* Osteosclerosis
* Familial adenomatous polyposis
* Exostosis
* Ganglion cyst

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, ed. (2020). "Bone tumors". Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours. Vol. 3 (5th ed.). Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer. p. 391-393. ISBN 978-92-832-4503-2. Archived from the original on 2021-06-13. Retrieved 2021-07-06.
2. ↑ "ICD-11 - ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics". icd.who.int. Archived from the original on 1 August 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 "Osteoma". Stanford Medicine: Skull Base Surgery (in Gagana Samoa). Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2021.
4. ↑ Michael S. Schwartz, MD; Dennis M. Crockett, MD. "Management of a Large Frontoethmoid Osteoma with Sinus Cranialization and Cranial Bone Graft Reconstruction". International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. Archived from the original on 2012-02-16. Retrieved 2020-03-24.

## External links[edit | edit source]

* Humapth #4724 Archived 2020-12-03 at the Wayback Machine (Pathology images)

Classification|

* ICD-10: D16
* ICD-9-CM: 213.0
* ICD-O: 9180/0, 9191/0, 9200/0

|

* v
* t
* e

Tumours of bone and cartilage

Diaphysis|

* Multiple myeloma
* Epithelia
* Adamantinoma
* Primitive neuroectodermal tumor
* Ewing family
* Ewing's sarcoma

Metaphysis|

| Osteoblast|

* Osteoid osteoma
* Osteoblastoma
* Osteoma/osteosarcoma

|

Chondroblast|

* Chondroma/ecchondroma/enchondroma
* Enchondromatosis
* Extraskeletal chondroma
* Chondrosarcoma
* Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma
* Myxoid chondrosarcoma
* Osteochondroma
* Osteochondromatosis
* Chondromyxoid fibroma

Fibrous|

* Ossifying fibroma
* Fibrosarcoma

Epiphysis|

| Chondroblast|

* Chondroblastoma

|

Myeloid|

* Giant-cell tumor of bone

Other|

| Notochord|

* Chordoma

|

* v
* t
* e

Skin cancer of nevi and melanomas

Melanoma|

* Mucosal melanoma
* Superficial spreading melanoma
* Nodular melanoma
* lentigo
* Lentigo maligna/Lentigo maligna melanoma
* Acral lentiginous melanoma
* Amelanotic melanoma
* Desmoplastic melanoma
* Melanoma with features of a Spitz nevus
* Melanoma with small nevus-like cells
* Polypoid melanoma
* Nevoid melanoma
* Melanocytic tumors of uncertain malignant potential

Nevus/
melanocytic nevus|

* Nevus of Ito/Nevus of Ota
* Spitz nevus
* Pigmented spindle cell nevus
* Halo nevus
* Pseudomelanoma

* Blue nevus
* of Jadassohn–Tièche
* Cellular
* Epithelioid
* Deep penetrating
* Amelanotic
* Malignant

* Congenital melanocytic nevus (Giant
* Medium-sized
* Small-sized)

* Balloon cell nevus
* Dysplastic nevus/Dysplastic nevus syndrome

* Acral nevus
* Becker's nevus
* Benign melanocytic nevus
* Nevus spilus

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