Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle

Short description: Class of Indian medium-lift expendable launch vehicles, developed by ISRO

Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle

File:GSLV F16 during Liftoff carrying NISAR.webp

GSLV-F16 during Liftoff carrying NISAR for NASA and ISRO

Function| Medium-lift Launch System
Manufacturer| ISRO
Country of origin| India
Cost per launch| US$47 million[1]
Size
Height| 49.13 m (161.2 ft)[2]
Diameter| 2.8 m (9 ft 2 in)
Mass| 414,750 kg (914,370 lb)
Stages| 3
Capacity
Payload to LEO| 6,000 kg (13,000 lb)[3]
Payload to SSO| 3,000 kg (6,600 lb)[3]
Payload to GTO| 2,500 kg (5,500 lb)[2][4]
Payload to Venus| 247 kg (545 lb) to 1,346 kg (2,967 lb)
(direct transfer) [5]
Payload to Mars| 350 kg (770 lb) to 1,390 kg (3,060 lb)
(direct transfer) [6]
Launch history
Status|

* Mk I: Retired
* Mk II: Active

Launch sites| Satish Dhawan Space Centre
Total launches| 18 \+ 6 (planned)
Successes| 12
Failures| 4
Partial failures| 2
First flight|

* Mk.I: 18 April 2001
* Mk.II: 15 April 2010

Last flight|

* Mk.I: 25 December 2010
* Mk.II: 30 July 2025

Notable payloads|

* INSAT
* GSAT (South Asia Satellite)
* GISAT
* NVS
* NISAR

Boosters
No. boosters| 4 L40 Hs
Length| 19.7 m (65 ft)[7]
Diameter| 2.1 m (6 ft 11 in)
Propellant mass| 42,700 kg (94,100 lb) each
Engines| 1 L40H Vikas 2
Thrust| 760 kN (170,000 lbf)[8]
Total thrust| 3,040 kN (680,000 lbf)
Specific impulse| 262 s (2.57 km/s)
Burn time| 154 seconds
Fuel| N2O4 / UDMH
First[8][7] stage
Length| 20.2 m (66 ft)
Diameter| 2.8 m (9 ft 2 in)
Propellant mass| 138,200 kg (304,700 lb)
Engines| 1 S139 Booster
Thrust| 4,846.9 kN (1,089,600 lbf)
Specific impulse| 237 s (2.32 km/s)
Burn time| 100 seconds
Fuel| HTPB (solid)
Second[8][7] stage
Length| 11.6 m (38 ft)
Diameter| 2.8 m (9 ft 2 in)
Propellant mass| 39,500 kg (87,100 lb)
Engines| 1 GS2 Vikas 4
Thrust| 846.8 kN (190,400 lbf)
Specific impulse| 295 s (2.89 km/s)
Burn time| 139 seconds
Fuel| N2O4 / UDMH
Second GS2 (GL40)[8][9] stage
Length| 11.9 m (39 ft)
Diameter| 2.8 m (9 ft 2 in)
Propellant mass| 42,500 kg (93,700 lb)
Engines| 1 GS2 Vikas 4
Thrust| 846.8 kN (190,400 lbf)
Specific impulse| 295 s (2.89 km/s)
Burn time| 149 seconds
Fuel| N2O4 / UDMH
Third[7] stage (GSLV Mk I) – CUS
Length| N/A
Diameter| 2.8 m (9 ft 2 in)
Propellant mass| N/A
Engines| 1 KVD-1
Thrust| 70 kN (16,000 lbf)
Specific impulse| 462 s (4.53 km/s)
Burn time| N/A
Fuel| LOX / LH2
Third[7] stage (GSLV Mk II) – CUS12
Length| 8.7 m (29 ft)
Diameter| 2.8 m (9 ft 2 in)
Propellant mass| 12,800 kg (28,200 lb)
Engines| 1 CE-7.5
Thrust| 75 kN (17,000 lbf)
Specific impulse| 454 s (4.45 km/s)
Burn time| 718 seconds
Fuel| LOX / LH2
Third[9] stage (GSLV Mk II) – CUS15
Length| 9.9 m (32 ft)
Diameter| 2.8 m (9 ft 2 in)
Propellant mass| 15,000 kg (33,000 lb)
Engines| 1 CE-7.5
Thrust| 75 kN (17,000 lbf)
Specific impulse| 454 s (4.45 km/s)
Burn time| 846 seconds
Fuel| LOX / LH2

Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) is a class of expendable launch systems operated by ISRO. GSLV has been used in eighteen launches since 2001.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 1.1 Cryogenic engine controversy
* 2 Vehicle description
* 2.1 Liquid boosters
* 2.2 First stage
* 2.3 Second stage
* 2.4 Third stage
* 3 Variants
* 3.1 GSLV Mark I
* 3.2 GSLV Mark II
* 3.3 RLV-OREX
* 4 Launch statistics
* 5 Gallery
* 6 See also
* 7 References
* 8 External links

## History

The Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) project was initiated in 1990 with the objective of acquiring an Indian launch capability for geosynchronous satellites.[10][11]

GSLV uses major components that are already proven in the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) launch vehicles in the form of the S125/S139 solid rocket booster and the liquid-fueled Vikas engine. Due to the thrust required for injecting the satellite in a geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) the third stage was to be powered by a LOX/LH2 Cryogenic engine which at that time India did not possess or have the technological expertise to build. The aerodynamic characterization research was conducted at the National Aerospace Laboratories' 1.2m Trisonic Wind Tunnel Facility.[12]

The first development flight of the GSLV (Mk I configuration) was launched on 18 April 2001 was a failure as the payload failed to reach the intended orbit parameters. The launcher was declared operational after the second development flight successfully launched the GSAT-2 satellite. During the initial years from the initial launch to 2014 the launcher had a checkered history with only 2 successful launches out of 7, resulting in the rocket gaining the nickname "naughty boy".[13][14]

At the end of 2025, flight components from GSLV-F12, GSLV-F14, GSLV-F15, and GSLV-F16 are reported to still be in earth orbit as Space Junk.

### Cryogenic engine controversy

The third stage was to be procured from Russian company Glavkosmos, including transfer of technology and design details of the engine based on an agreement signed in 1991.[11] Russia backed out of the deal after United States objected to the deal as in violation of the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) in May 1992. As a result, ISRO initiated the Cryogenic Upper Stage Project in April 1994 and began developing its own cryogenic engine.[15] A new agreement was signed with Russia for 7 KVD-1 cryogenic stages and 1 ground mock-up stage with no technology transfer, instead of 5 cryogenic stages along with the technology and design as per the earlier agreement.[16] These engines were used for the initial flights and were named GSLV Mk I.[17]

## Vehicle description

The 49 m (161 ft) tall GSLV, with a lift-off mass of 415 t (408 long tons; 457 short tons), is a three-stage vehicle with solid, liquid and cryogenic stages respectively. The payload fairing, which is 7.8 m (26 ft) long and 3.4 m (11 ft) in diameter, protects the vehicle electronics and the spacecraft during its ascent through the atmosphere. It is discarded when the vehicle reaches an altitude of about 115 km (71 mi).[18][needs update]

GSLV employs S-band telemetry and C-band transponders for enabling vehicle performance monitoring, tracking, range safety / flight safety and preliminary orbit determination. The Redundant Strap Down Inertial Navigation System/Inertial Guidance System of GSLV housed in its equipment bay guides the vehicle from lift-off to spacecraft injection. The digital auto-pilot and closed loop guidance scheme ensure the required altitude maneuver and guide injection of the spacecraft to the specified orbit.

The GSLV can place approximately 5,000 kg (11,000 lb) into an easterly low Earth orbit (LEO) or 2,500 kg (5,500 lb) (for the Mk II version) into an 18° geostationary transfer orbit.

### Liquid boosters

The first GSLV flight, GSLV-D1 used the L40 stage. Subsequent flights of the GSLV used high pressure engines in the strap-on boosters called the L40H.[19] The GSLV uses four L40H liquid strap-on boosters derived from the L37.5 second stage, which are loaded with 42.6 tons of hypergolic propellants (UDMH and N2O4). The propellants are stored in tandem in two independent tanks 2.1 m (6 ft 11 in) diameter. The engine is pump-fed and generates 760 kN (170,000 lbf) of thrust, with a burn time of 150 seconds.

### First stage

GSLV-D1 used the S125 stage which contained 125 t (123 long tons; 138 short tons) of solid propellant and had a burn time of 100 seconds. All subsequent launches have used enhanced propellant loaded S139 stage.[19] The S139 stage is 2.8 m in diameter and has a nominal burn time of 100 seconds.[20][21]

### Second stage

The GS2 stage is powered by the Vikas engine. It has a diameter of 2.8 m (9 ft 2 in).[20]

### Third stage

The third stage of the GSLV Mark II is propelled by the Indian CE-7.5 cryogenic rocket engine while the older defunct Mark I is propelled using a Russian made KVD-1. It uses liquid hydrogen (LH2) and liquid oxygen (LOX)[22] The Indian cryogenic engine was built at the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre.[23][24] The engine has a default thrust of 75 kN (17,000 lbf) but is capable of a maximum thrust of 93.1 kN (20,900 lbf). In GSLV-F14 mission, a new white coloured C15 stage was introduced which has more environmental-friendly manufacturing processes, better insulation properties and the use of lightweight materials.[25]

* Pre-flight Integration of GSLV rockets
* L40 booster under construction

L40 booster under construction

* L40 boosters and S139 core stage of GSLV F-05 during integration

* GS2 stage of GSLV-F16 being integrated

GS2 stage of GSLV-F16 being integrated

* GS-2 integration

GS-2 integration

* GSLV F-14 Cryogenic stage being transported prior to vehicle integration

GSLV F-14 Cryogenic stage being transported prior to vehicle integration

* Payload fairing mating to the rocket

## Variants

GSLV rockets using the Russian Cryogenic Stage (CS) are designated as the GSLV Mark I while versions using the indigenous Cryogenic Upper Stage (CUS) are designated the GSLV Mark II.[26][27] All GSLV launches have been conducted from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota.

### GSLV Mark I

The first developmental flight of GSLV Mark I had a 129 tonne (S125) first stage and was capable of launching around 1500 kg into geostationary transfer orbit. The second developmental flight replaced the S125 stage with S139. It used the same solid motor with 138 tonne propellant loading. The chamber pressure in all liquid engines were enhanced, enabling a higher propellant mass and burn time. These improvements allowed GSLV to carry an additional 300 kg of payload.[28][29] The fourth operational flight of GSLV Mark I, GSLV-F06, had a longer third stage called the C15 with 15 tonne propellant loading and also employed a 4 meter diameter payload fairing.[30][31]

### GSLV Mark II

This variant uses an Indian cryogenic engine, the CE-7.5, and is capable of launching 2500 kg into geostationary transfer orbit. Previous GSLV vehicles (GSLV Mark I) have used Russian cryogenic engines.[32]

For launches from 2018, a 6% increased thrust version of the Vikas engine was developed. It was demonstrated on 29 March 2018 in the GSAT-6A launch second stage. It will be used for the four Vikas engines on the first stage boosters on future missions.[33]

A 4m diameter Ogive payload fairing was developed and deployed for the first time in the EOS-03 launch on 12 August 2021, although this launch was a failure due to technical anomalies with the Cryogenic Upper Stage. This will allow GSLV vehicles to accommodate larger payloads.[34]

As of October 2024, ISRO has stopped selling GSLV Mk II Rockets. Eight known launches are planned with NVS Missions, IDRSS Missions, NISAR Mission.[35][36]

### RLV-OREX

The Reusable Launch Vehicle Technology Demonstration program, is a prototype spaceplane concept created by ISRO. For the Orbital return Flight experiment, a modified version of the GSLV Mk. II launcher, with the upper Cryogenic Stage replaced with the PS-4 stage from the PSLV is currently in development, as the RLV won't need all the excess energy produced by the CUS .[37][38]

## Launch statistics

Main article: Astronomy:List of GSLV launches

Launch system status

Active

Retired

Variant  | Launches  | Successes  | Failures  | Partial failures

|
|
|
|

GSLV Mk. I  | 6  | 2  | 2  | 2
GSLV Mk. II  | 12  | 10  | 2  | 0
Total as of July 2025[update][39] | 18  | 12  | 4  | 2

Decade-wise summary of GSLV Launches

Decade  | Successful  | Partial success  | Failure  | Total

|
|
|
|

2000s  | 2  | 2  | 1  | 5
2010s  | 6  | 0  | 2  | 8
2020s  | 4  | 0  | 1  | 5
Total  | 12  | 2  | 4  | 18

## Gallery

* GSLV F05 take off

* GSLV F11 vehicle at Second Launch Pad

* Indigenous Cryogenic Upper Stage CE-7.5 of GSLV

* Fully integrated GSLV-F05 coming out of the Vehicle Assembly Building

* Launch of GSLV F11 from Second Launch Pad

* Top view of a fully Integrated GSLV-F08 inside the Vehicle Assembly Building

* GSLV F11 launch

## See also

* SSLV
* Comparison of orbital launchers families
* Comparison of orbital launch systems
* PSLV
* LVM3
* NGLV
* ISRO
* ASLV
* SLV

## References

1. ↑ "GAO". http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-17-609.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle". http://isro.gov.in/launchers/gslv.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "HSFC Presentation from International Space Conference and Exhibition 2021". https://ciihive.in/Attachments/Exhibitor/35711_HSFCStandeefinal.pdf.
4. ↑ "ISRO developing vehicle to launch small satellites". https://frontline.thehindu.com/science-and-technology/article24801393.ece.
5. ↑ https://www.prl.res.in/~rajiv/planexnews/oldarticles/Volume -2, Issue-4.8-12.pdf
6. ↑ https://www.prl.res.in/~rajiv/planexnews/oldarticles/Volume -2, Issue-4.8-12.pdf
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 "GSLV F09 Brochure". ISRO. http://www.isro.gov.in/gslv-f09-gsat-9/gslv-f09-brochure.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 "GSLV F08 Brochure". ISRO. https://www.isro.gov.in/gslv-f08-gsat-6a-mission/gslv-f08-gsat6a-brochure.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "GSLV F11 Brochure". ISRO. https://www.isro.gov.in/gsat-f11-gsat-7a-mission/gslv-f11-gsat-7a-brochure.
10. ↑ "GSLV Launched Successfully". Current Science 80 (10): 1256. May 2001. http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/may252001/1254.pdf. Retrieved 12 December 2013.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Subramanian, T. S. (March 17–31, 2001). "The GSLV Quest". Frontline. http://www.frontline.in/navigation/?type=static&page=flonnet&rdurl=fl1806/18060820.htm.
12. ↑ "Bengaluru: 1.2m trisonic wind tunnel at National Aerospace Laboratories completes 55 years of service" (in en). 2022-06-06. https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/bengaluru-12m-trisonic-wind-tunnel-at-national-aerospace-laboratories-completes-55-years-of-service20220606001500/.
13. ↑ "GSLV Rocket, Billed 'Naughty Boy'". https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/gslv-rocket-billed-naughty-boy-by-scientists-is-now-adorable-1456610.
14. ↑ "India's hefty "naughty boy" rocket comes in from cold". https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn24821-indias-hefty-naughty-boy-rocket-comes-in-from-cold/.
15. ↑ Raj, N Gopal (21 April 2011). "The long road to cryogenic technology". The Hindu (Chennai, India). http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/the-long-road-to-cryogenic-technology/article397441.ece.
16. ↑ Subramanian, T. S. (28 April – 11 May 2001). "The cryogenic quest". Frontline. http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1809/18090140.htm.
17. ↑ "Why ISRO's New Engine and Mk III Rocket Are Reasons to Forget 1990 Cryogenic Scandal". The Wire. https://thewire.in/138915/cryogenic-ce-20-isro-gslv-mk-iii/.
18. ↑ "GSLV-F04". ISRO. http://www.isro.gov.in/gslv-d5/d5-updates.aspx.
19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "GSLV-D2". ISRO. http://isro.gov.in/gslv-d2/gslv-d2.aspx.
20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 "GSLV Launcher". ISRO. https://www.isro.gov.in/launchers/gslv.
21. ↑ "Evolution of Indian launch vehicle technologies". Current Science. http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Downloads/article_id_093_12_1697_1714_0.pdf.
22. ↑ "GSLV-D5". http://www.isro.gov.in/gslv-d5/gslv-d5.aspx.
23. ↑ "ISRO's Cryogenic Stage Fails in Maiden Flight". SpaceNews. http://www.spacenews.com/launch/100415isro-cryogenic-engine-fails.html.
24. ↑ "GSLV, PSLV flights put off". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 1 January 2010. http://www.hindu.com/2010/01/01/stories/2010010152721100.htm.
25. ↑ "GSLV-F14/INSAT-3DS Gallery". https://www.isro.gov.in/GSLV_F14_INSAT_3DS_gallery.html.
26. ↑ "Space India, April-June 2003". July 2003. p. 11. https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/51-SI-Apr-jun-2003/files/assets/common/downloads/Space India Apr-Jun 2003.pdf.
27. ↑ "GSLV-D3/GSAT-4 Brochure". ISRO. http://www.isro.org/gslv-d3/pdf/GSLV-D3_GSAT-4 Brochure.pdf.
28. ↑ R. V. Perumal; B. N. Suresh; D. Narayana Moorthi; G. Madhavan Nair (25 July 2001). "First developmental flight of geosynchronous satellite launch vehicle (GSLV-D1)". Current Science 81 (2): 167–174. http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/jul252001/167.pdf.
29. ↑ R. V. Perumal; D. Narayana Moorthi; N. Vedachalam; G. Madhavan Nair (10 September 2003). "Second developmental flight of Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle". Current Science 85 (5): 597–601. http://www.iisc.ernet.in/~currsci/sep102003/597.pdf.
30. ↑ "GSLV-F06". ISRO. http://www.isro.gov.in/gslv-f06/gslv-f06.aspx.
31. ↑ "GSLV-F06 / GSAT-5P mission brochure". http://isro.gov.in/gslv-f06/pdf/GSLV-F06.pdf.
32. ↑ Clark, Stephen (2010-10-12). "India may seek international help on cryogenic engine". Spaceflight Now. http://www.spaceflightnow.com/news/n1010/12gslv/. "Besides the new upper stage, the GSLV Mk.2 launched in April was nearly identical to previous versions of the booster"
33. ↑ Clark, Stephen (29 March 2018). "India tests upgraded engine tech in successful communications satellite launch". Spaceflight Now. https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/03/29/india-tests-upgraded-engine-tech-in-successful-communications-satellite-launch/.
34. ↑ "GSLV-F10/EOS-03 Brochure". https://www.isro.gov.in/gslv-f10-eos-03/gslv-f10-eos-03-brochure.
35. ↑ "ISRO has stopped selling GSLV Mk II Rockets". X (Formerly Twitter). https://x.com/ISROSpaceflight/status/1844724481958334841?t=La5vxZzAvABlXsIcGCoHRQ&s=08.
36. ↑ "Why ISRO chose GSLV for NISAR mission despite the launch vehicle's poor track record?" (in en). https://www.theweek.in/news/sci-tech/2025/05/20/why-isro-chose-gslv-for-nisar-mission-despite-the-launch-vehicles-poor-track-record.html.
37. ↑ "MSN". https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/other/rlv-re-entry-mission-to-use-gslv-with-pslv-last-stage-landing-gear-to-change-more/ar-BB1oSNaF.
38. ↑ "RLV re-entry mission to use GSLV with PSLV last stage; landing gear to change & more". The Times of India. ISSN 0971-8257. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rlv-re-entry-mission-to-use-gslv-with-pslv-last-stage-landing-gear-to-change-more/articleshow/111267553.cms.
39. ↑ "ISRO GSLV NVS-1 Navic launch highlights | India launches next-gen navigational satellite" (in en). 29 May 2023. https://www.indiatoday.in/science/story/isro-gslv-nvs-1-navic-satellite-launch-live-updates-sriharikota-2385647-2023-05-29.

## External links

* ISRO GSLV Page
* INDIA in Space – GSLV Page
* 12KRB (KVD-1) Upper Stage at Khrunichev Space Center

* v
* t
* e

Orbital launch systems

* List of orbital launch systems
* Comparison of orbital launch systems

Current|

* Angara
* A5
* Antares 230+
* Ariane 5
* Atlas V
* Delta IV Heavy
* Electron
* Epsilon
* Falcon 9 Block 5
* Falcon Heavy
* GSLV
* Mk II
* Mk III
* H-IIA
* H-IIB
* Hyperbola-1
* Jielong 1
* Kuaizhou
* 1
* 1A
* Kaituozhe 2
* Long March
* 2C
* 2D
* 2F
* 3A
* 3B/E
* 3C
* 4B
* 4C
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 11
* Minotaur
* I
* IV
* V
* C
* OS-M1
* Pegasus XL
* Proton-M
* PSLV
* Safir
* Shavit
* Simorgh
* Soyuz-2
* 2.1a / STA
* 2.1b / STB
* 2-1v
* Unha
* Vega
* Zenit
* 3SL
* 3SLB
* 3F
* Zhuque-1

In development|

* Angara 1.2
* Ariane 6
* Bloostar
* Cyclone-4M
* Eris
* Firefly Alpha
* Beta
* H3
* Hyperbola-2
* Irtysh
* Kuaizhou
* 11
* 21
* 31
* LauncherOne
* Long March
* 8
* 9
* Miura 5
* New Glenn
* New Line 1
* Nuri
* OmegA
* OS-M2
* OS-M4
* Orbex Prime
* SLS
* Soyuz-7
* SSLV
* Starship
* Terran 1
* Vega C
* Vega E
* Vulcan
* Zero
* Zhuque-2

Retired|

* Antares 110/120/130/230
* Ariane
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* ASLV
* Athena
* I
* II
* Atlas
* B
* D
* E/F
* G
* H
* I
* II
* III
* LV-3B
* SLV-3
* Able
* Agena
* Centaur
* Black Arrow
* Conestoga
* Delta
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* G
* J
* L
* M
* N
* 0100
* 1000
* 2000
* 3000
* 4000
* 5000
* II
* III
* IV
* Diamant
* Dnepr
* Energia
* Europa
* Falcon 1
* Falcon 9
* v1.0
* v1.1
* v1.2 "Full Thrust"
* Feng Bao 1
* GSLV
* Mk I
* H-I
* H-II
* Juno I
* Juno II
* Kaituozhe-1
* Kosmos
* 1
* 2I
* 3
* 3M
* Lambda 4S
* Long March
* 1
* 1D†
* 2A
* 2E
* 3
* 3B
* 4A
* Mu
* 4S 3C 3H 3S 3SII
* V
* N1†
* N-I
* N-II
* Naro-1
* Paektusan
* Pilot†
* R-7
* Luna
* Molniya
* M
* L
* Polyot
* Soyuz
* original
* FG
* L
* M
* U
* U2
* Soyuz/Vostok
* Sputnik
* Voskhod
* Vostok
* L
* K
* 2
* 2M
* R-29
* Shtil'
* Volna
* Saturn
* I
* IB
* V
* Scout
* SLV
* Space Shuttle
* SPARK†
* Sparta
* SS-520
* Start-1
* Thor
* Able
* Ablestar
* Agena
* Burner
* Delta
* DSV-2U
* Thorad-Agena
* Titan
* II GLV
* IIIA
* IIIB
* IIIC
* IIID
* IIIE
* 34D
* 23G
* CT-3
* IV
* Tsyklon
* 2
* 3
* 4
* UR (Proton)
* UR-500 (Proton)
* Proton-K
* Rokot
* Strela
* Vanguard
* VLS-1†
* Zenit
* 2
* 2M

Classes|

* Sounding rocket
* Small-lift launch vehicle
* Medium-lift launch vehicle
* Heavy-lift launch vehicle
* Super heavy-lift launch vehicle

* Symbol † indicates projects terminated before a successful orbital launch

* v
* t
* e

Indian space program

* Department of Space (DoS)

Organisations|

* Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
* Antrix Corporation
* Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST)
* Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS)
* Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems (LEOS)
* National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL)
* New Space India Limited
* Physical Research Laboratory (PRL)
* Development and Educational Communication Unit (DECU)
* Integrated Space Cell
* Defence Space Agency

Programmes|

* Bhaskara
* GAGAN
* GSAT
* INSAT
* IRNSS
* IRS
* Cartosat
* RISAT
* Rohini
* SROSS
* Chandrayaan
* Human Spaceflight Programme

Satellites|

* APPLE
* Aryabhata
* HAMSAT
* IMS-1
* Megha-Tropiques
* NISAR
* SARAL
* South Asia Satellite
* SRE
* SRE II
* Kalpana-1
* CARE

Space observatories|

* Astrosat
* Aditya-L1 (planned)
* AstroSat-2 (planned)

Lunar and
planetary spacecraft|

* Chandrayaan-1
* Chandrayaan-2
* Chandrayaan-3 (planned, 2021)
* Lunar Polar Exploration Mission (proposed)
* Mars Orbiter Mission
* Mars Orbiter Mission 2 (proposed)
* Shukrayaan-1 (proposed)

Crewed spacecraft|

* Gaganyaan (Under development)

Rockets|

* Engines
* CE-7.5
* CE-20
* Vikas
* Orbital
* SLV
* ASLV
* PSLV
* GSLV
* Mk I
* Mk II
* Mk III
* Suborbital
* Rohini
* ATV
* Concepts
* ULV
* Under development
* RLV Technology Demonstration Programme
* RLV-TD
* HEX
* SSLV
* SCE-200

Facilities|

* Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN)
* ISRO Satellite Centre (ISAC)
* ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC)
* Master Control Facility (MCF)
* Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC)
* Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS)
* ISRO Satellite Integration and Testing Establishment (ISITE)
* Vikram Sarabhai Space Center (VSSC)
* Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC)
* ISRO Propulsion Complex
* Human Space Flight Centre (HSFC)

Related|

* SAGA-220 (supercomputer)
* RESPOND

* List of Indian satellites
* List of Satish Dhawan Space Centre launches
* List of ISRO missions

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle. Read more

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