Sonolite

Sonolite (in bottom left corner) with zincite and manganosite

General
Category| Silicate minerals
Formula
(repeating unit)| Mn9(SiO4)4(OH,F)2
Strunz classification| 9.AF.55
Dana classification| 52.3.2d.3
Crystal system| Monoclinic
Crystal class| Prismatic (2/m)
(same H-M symbol)
Space group| P21/b[1]
Unit cell| a = 4.87 Å, b = 10.66 Å
c = 14.28 Å
β = 100.3°, Z = 2[1]
Identification
Color| Red-orange, pinkish brown to dark brown
Colorless in thin section[1]
Twinning| Common, singular or lamellar on {101}[1]
Mohs scale hardness| 5.5
|re|er}}| Vitreous, dull
Diaphaneity| Transparent to translucent[2]
Density| 3.82–4.00 (measured)[1]
Optical properties| Biaxial (−)
Refractive index| nα = 1.765
nβ = 1.778
nγ = 1.787
Birefringence| δ = 0.022
2V angle| 75° to 82° (measured)
Dispersion| r > v[1]
References| [3]

Sonolite is a mineral with formula Mn9(SiO4)4(OH,F)2. The mineral was discovered in 1960 in the Sono mine in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. In 1963, it was identified as a new mineral and named after the Sono mine.

## Contents

* 1 Description
* 2 History
* 3 Distribution
* 4 References
* 4.1 Bibliography
* 5 Further reading
* 6 External links

## Description

Sonolite is transparent to translucent[2] and is red-orange, pinkish brown to dark brown in color and colorless in thin sections. The mineral has a granular habit or occurs as prismatic to anhedral crystals up to 2.5 cm (0.98 in).[1] Sonolite is the manganese analogue of clinohumite,[5] a dimorph of jerrygibbsite,[1] and a member of the humite group.[3]

The mineral occurs in metamorphosed manganese-rich deposits. Sonolite has been found in association with calcite, chlorite, franklinite, galaxite, manganosite, pyrochroite, rhodochrosite, tephroite, willemite, and zincite.[1]

## History

In 1960, Mayumi Yoshinaga was investigating alleghanyite and other manganese orthosilicates in Japan. He discovered a dull, red-brown mineral on the first level ore body of the Sono Mine, and later from a number of other sites.[5] Using samples from ten locations in Japan and one in Taiwan, the mineral was described in 1963 and identified as a new mineral species.[6] It was named sonolite after the mine in which it was first found and the name was approved by the International Mineralogical Association.[3][5]

## Distribution

(As of 2012), sonolite has been found in Austria, France, Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, and the United States.[3] The type material is held at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, US.[1]

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 "Sonolite". Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineral Data Publishing. http://www.handbookofmineralogy.com/pdfs/sonolite.pdf.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Sonolite". Webmineral. http://webmineral.com/data/Sonolite.shtml.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "Sonolite". Mindat. http://www.mindat.org/min-3711.html.
4. ↑ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine 85 (3): 291–320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. Bibcode: 2021MinM...85..291W. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/mineralogical-magazine/article/imacnmnc-approved-mineral-symbols/62311F45ED37831D78603C6E6B25EE0A.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Yoshinaga 1963, p. 1.
6. ↑ Yoshinaga 1963, pp. 1–2.

### Bibliography

* Yoshinaga, Mayumi (January 25, 1963). "Sonolite, a New Manganese Silicate Mineral". Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University 14 (1): 1–21. http://rruff.info/uploads/MFSKUSD14_1.pdf. Retrieved June 20, 2012.

## Further reading

* Cook, David (September–October 1969). "Sonolite, Alleghanyite and Leucophoenicite from New Jersey". American Mineralogist 54 (9 & 10): 1392–1398. http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM54/AM54_1392.pdf.

## External links

0.00

(0 votes)

Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonolite. Read more

|

Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Chemistry:Sonolite&oldid=3335152"