Brett Kavanaugh confirmation hearings

* Justices
* CHIEF JUSTICE JOHN ROBERTS
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* SAMUEL ALITO
* AMY CONEY BARRETT
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* NEIL GORSUCH
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* BRETT KAVANAUGH
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* HISTORY OF THE COURT
* CHIEF JUSTICE ERAS
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* MAJOR CASES OF THE SUPREME COURT 2014 TERM
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* Recent vacancies
* 2020 VACANCY AND BARRETT CONFIRMATION
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SCOTUS Vacancy, 2018

Nominee
Brett Kavanaugh
Retiring Justice
Anthony Kennedy
Vacancy date
July 31, 2018
Confirmation date
October 6, 2018
Coverage

Timeline
Confirmation hearings
Kavanaugh nomination
Process to fill the seat
Kennedy resignation

See also
Brett Kavanaugh
Supreme Court vacancy, 2017
Supreme Court of the United States

* Brett Kavanaugh

* Timeline

* Kavanaugh nomination

* Process to fill the seat

* Kennedy resignation

The Senate voted 50-48-1 to confirm Brett Kavanaugh as the 114th associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court on October 6, 2018. Sen. Joe Manchin (D-W.Va.) was the only Democrat to vote to confirm Kavanaugh. Sen. Lisa Murkowski (R-Alaska), who opposed Kavanaugh's nomination, paired her vote with Sen. Steve Daines (R-Mont.), who supported Kavanaugh's nomination, allowing Daines to attend his daughter's wedding instead of flying back to Washington, D.C., for the vote. A simple majority was needed to confirm Kavanaugh.

Kavanaugh was sworn in as a Supreme Court justice the same day as his confirmation, October 6, 2018.[1]

On September 28, 2018, the Senate Judiciary Committee voted 11-10 along party lines to report Kavanaugh’s nomination to United States Supreme Court to the full Senate for a vote. The Senate voted 51-49 to end debate on Kavanaugh’s nomination to the Supreme Court on October 5, 2018. [2]

A first round of confirmation hearings before the Senate Judiciary Committee regarding Kavanaugh's nomination to the U.S. Supreme Court was held September 4 to 7, 2018. They began with members of the Senate Judiciary Committee giving opening statements. Kavanaugh was introduced by former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, Sen. Rob Portman (R), and attorney Lisa Blatt, and then he gave opening remarks. The following two days consisted of question and answer sessions with members of the Senate. The final day included testimonies both for and against Kavanaugh.[3]

In a second round of hearings, Kavanaugh and college professor Christine Blasey Ford testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee on September 27, 2018, about an allegation by Ford that Kavanaugh sexually assaulted her in the early 1980s when the two were in high school. Kavanaugh denied the allegation.[4]

All nominees to the court are subject to the advice and consent of the United States Senate. Judicial nominations from the president are referred to the Senate Judiciary Committee. During the hearings, the committee was composed of 11 Republican and 10 Democratic senators.

The entries below are listed in reverse chronological order. Click here for day five, here for day four, here for day three, here for day two, and here for day one.

## Contents

* 1 Senate confirmation vote
* 2 Senate cloture vote
* 3 Senate Judiciary Committee vote
* 4 Day five (9/27/2018)
* 4.1 Prepared statements
* 5 Day four (9/7/2018)
* 5.1 Witness testimonies
* 6 Day three (9/6/2018)
* 7 Day two (9/5/2018)
* 8 Day one (9/4/2018)
* 8.1 Judiciary Committee member statements
* 8.2 Brett Kavanaugh opening statement
* 9 Judiciary Committee questionnaire
* 10 See also
* 11 Footnotes

## Senate confirmation vote[edit]

The Senate voted 50-48-1 to confirm Brett Kavanaugh as the 114th associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court on October 6, 2018. Sen. Joe Manchin (D-W.Va.) was the only Democrat to vote to confirm Kavanaugh. Sen. Lisa Murkowski (R-Alaska), who opposed Kavanaugh's nomination, paired her vote with Sen. Steve Daines (R-Mont.), who supported Kavanaugh's nomination, so Daines could attend his daughter's wedding instead of flying back to Washington D.C., for the vote. A simple majority was needed to confirm Kavanaugh.

On Brett Kavanaugh's nomination to the U.S. Supreme Court

Member  |  Vote
Lamar Alexander (R-Tenn.)  |
Tammy Baldwin (D-Wis.)  |
John Barrasso (R-Wyo.)  |
Michael Bennet (D-Colo.)  |
Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.)  |
Roy Blunt (R-Mo.)  |
Cory Booker (D-N.J.)  |
John Boozman (R-Ark.)  |
Sherrod Brown (D-Ohio.)  |
Richard Burr (R-N.C.)  |
Maria Cantwell (D-Wash.)  |
Shelley Moore Capito (R-W.Va.)  |
Ben Cardin (D-Md.)  |
Tom Carper (D-De.)  |
Bob Casey (D-Pa.)  |
Bill Cassidy (R-La.)  |
Susan Collins (R-Maine)  |
Chris Coons (D-Del.)  |
Bob Corker (R-Tenn.)  |
John Cornyn (R-Texas)  |
Catherine Cortez Masto (D-Nev.)  |
Tom Cotton (R-Ark.)  |
Mike Crapo (R-Idaho)  |
Ted Cruz (R-Texas)  |
Steve Daines (R-Mont.)  |  Did not vote
Joe Donnelly (D-Ind.)  |
Tammy Duckworth (D-Ill.)  |
Dick Durbin (D-Ill.)  |
Mike Enzi (R-Wyo.)  |
Joni Ernst (R-Iowa)  |
Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif.)  |
Deb Fischer (R-Neb.)  |
Jeff Flake (R-Ariz.)  |
Cory Gardner (R-Colo.)  |
Kirsten Gillibrand (D-N.Y.)  |
Lindsey Graham (R-S.C.)  |
Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa)  |
Kamala Harris (D-Calif.)  |
Maggie Hassan (D-N.H.)  |
Orrin Hatch (R-Utah)  |
Martin Heinrich (D-N.M.)  |
Heidi Heitkamp (D-N.D.)  |
Dean Heller (R-Nev.)  |
Mazie Hirono (D-Hawaii)  |
John Hoeven (R-N.D.)  |
Cindy Hyde-Smith (R-Miss.)  |
Jim Inhofe (R-Okla.)  |
Johnny Isakson (R-Ga.)  |
Ron Johnson (R-Wis.)  |
Doug Jones (D-Ala.)  |
Tim Kaine (D-Va.)  |
John Kennedy (R-La.)  |
Angus King (I-Maine.)  |
Amy Klobuchar (D-Minn.)  |
Jon Kyl (R-Ariz.)  |
James Lankford (R-Okla.)  |
Patrick Leahy (D-Vt.)  |
Mike Lee (R-Utah)  |
Joe Manchin (D-W.Va.)  |
Ed Markey (D-Mass.)  |
Claire McCaskill (D-Mo.)  |
Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.)  |
Bob Menendez (D-N.J.)  |
Jeff Merkley (D-Ore.)  |
Jerry Moran (R-Kan.)  |
Lisa Murkowski (R-Alaska)  | Present
Chris Murphy (D-Conn.)  |
Patty Murray (D-Wash.)  |
Bill Nelson (D-Fla.)  |
Rand Paul (R-Ky.)  |
David Perdue (R-Ga.)  |
Gary Peters (D-Mich.)  |
Rob Portman (R-Ohio)  |
Jack Reed (D-R.I.)  |
Jim Risch (R-Idaho)  |
Pat Roberts (R-Kan.)  |
Mike Rounds (R-S.D.)  |
Marco Rubio (R-Fla.)  |
Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.)  |
Ben Sasse (R-Neb.)  |
Brian Schatz (D-Hawaii)  |
Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.)  |
Tim Scott (R-S.C.)  |
Jeanne Shaheen (D-N.H.)  |
Richard Shelby (R-Ala.)  |
Tina Smith (D-Minn.)  |
Debbie Stabenow (D-Mich.)  |
Dan Sullivan (R-Alaska)  |
Jon Tester (D-Mont.)  |
John Thune (R-S.D.)  |
Thom Tillis (R-N.C.)  |
Pat Toomey (R-Pa.)  |
Tom Udall (D-N.M.)  |
Chris Van Hollen (D-Md.)  |
Mark Warner (D-Va.)  |
Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.)  |
Sheldon Whitehouse (D-R.I.)  |
Roger Wicker (R-Miss.)  |
Ron Wyden (D-Ore.)  |
Todd Young (R-Ind.)  |

## Senate cloture vote[edit]

The Senate voted 51-49 to end debate on Brett Kavanaugh’s nomination to the Supreme Court on October 5, 2018. Sen. Lisa Murkowski (R-Alaska) was the only Republican to vote against advancing Kavanaugh's nomination. Sen. Joe Manchin (D-W.Va.) was the only Democrat to vote to advance the nomination. A cloture vote proposes ending unlimited debate on a nomination. The vote begins a 30-hour time limit for final debate before a confirmation vote.

Motion to invoke cloture on Brett Kavanaugh's nomination to the U.S. Supreme Court

Member  |  Vote
Lamar Alexander (R-Tenn.)  |
Tammy Baldwin (D-Wis.)  |
John Barrasso (R-Wyo.)  |
Michael Bennet (D-Colo.)  |
Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.)  |
Roy Blunt (R-Mo.)  |
Cory Booker (D-N.J.)  |
John Boozman (R-Ark.)  |
Sherrod Brown (D-Ohio.)  |
Richard Burr (R-N.C.)  |
Maria Cantwell (D-Wash.)  |
Shelley Moore Capito (R-W.Va.)  |
Ben Cardin (D-Md.)  |
Bob Casey (D-Pa.)  |
Bill Cassidy (R-La.)  |
Susan Collins (R-Maine)  |
Chris Coons (D-Del.)  |
Bob Corker (R-Tenn.)  |
John Cornyn (R-Texas)  |
Catherine Cortez Masto (D-Nev.)  |
Tom Cotton (R-Ark.)  |
Mike Crapo (R-Idaho)  |
Ted Cruz (R-Texas)  |
Steve Daines (R-Mont.)  |
Joe Donnelly (D-Ind.)  |
Tammy Duckworth (D-Ill.)  |
Dick Durbin (D-Ill.)  |
Mike Enzi (R-Wyo.)  |
Joni Ernst (R-Iowa)  |
Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif.)  |
Deb Fischer (R-Neb.)  |
Jeff Flake (R-Ariz.)  |
Cory Gardner (R-Colo.)  |
Kirsten Gillibrand (D-N.Y.)  |
Lindsey Graham (R-S.C.)  |
Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa)  |
Kamala Harris (D-Calif.)  |
Maggie Hassan (D-N.H.)  |
Orrin Hatch (R-Utah)  |
Martin Heinrich (D-N.M.)  |
Heidi Heitkamp (D-N.D.)  |
Dean Heller (R-Nev.)  |
Mazie Hirono (D-Hawaii)  |
John Hoeven (R-N.D.)  |
Cindy Hyde-Smith (R-Miss.)  |
Jim Inhofe (R-Okla.)  |
Johnny Isakson (R-Ga.)  |
Ron Johnson (R-Wis.)  |
Doug Jones (D-Ala.)  |
Tim Kaine (D-Va.)  |
John Kennedy (R-La.)  |
Angus King (I-Maine.)  |
Amy Klobuchar (D-Minn.)  |
Jon Kyl (R-Ariz.)  |
James Lankford (R-Okla.)  |
Patrick Leahy (D-Vt.)  |
Mike Lee (R-Utah)  |
Joe Manchin (D-W.Va.)  |
Ed Markey (D-Mass.)  |
Claire McCaskill (D-Mo.)  |
Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.)  |
Bob Menendez (D-N.J.)  |
Jeff Merkley (D-Ore.)  |
Jerry Moran (R-Kan.)  |
Lisa Murkowski (R-Alaska)  |
Chris Murphy (D-Conn.)  |
Patty Murray (D-Wash.)  |
Bill Nelson (D-Fla.)  |
Rand Paul (R-Ky.)  |
David Perdue (R-Ga.)  |
Gary Peters (D-Mich.)  |
Rob Portman (R-Ohio)  |
Jack Reed (D-R.I.)  |
Jim Risch (R-Idaho)  |
Pat Roberts (R-Kan.)  |
Mike Rounds (R-S.D.)  |
Marco Rubio (R-Fla.)  |
Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.)  |
Ben Sasse (R-Neb.)  |
Brian Schatz (D-Hawaii)  |
Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.)  |
Tim Scott (R-S.C.)  |
Jeanne Shaheen (D-N.H.)  |
Richard Shelby (R-Ala.)  |
Tina Smith (D-Minn.)  |
Debbie Stabenow (D-Mich.)  |
Dan Sullivan (R-Alaska)  |
Jon Tester (D-Mont.)  |
John Thune (R-S.D.)  |
Thom Tillis (R-N.C.)  |
Pat Toomey (R-Pa.)  |
Tom Udall (D-N.M.)  |
Chris Van Hollen (D-Md.)  |
Mark Warner (D-Va.)  |
Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.)  |
Sheldon Whitehouse (D-R.I.)  |
Roger Wicker (R-Miss.)  |
Ron Wyden (D-Ore.)  |
Todd Young (R-Ind.)  |

## Senate Judiciary Committee vote[edit]

On September 28, 2018, the Senate Judiciary Committee voted 11-10 along party lines to report Judge Brett Kavanaugh’s nomination to the Senate floor for a vote.[2]

Senate Judiciary Committee vote on Brett Kavanaugh's nomination to the U.S. Supreme Court

Member  |  Vote
Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa), Chairman |
Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif.), Ranking member |
Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.)  |
Cory Booker (D-N.J.)  |
Chris Coons (D-Del.)  |
John Cornyn (R-Texas)  |
Ted Cruz (R-Texas)  |
Dick Durbin (D-Ill.)  |
Jeff Flake (R-Ariz.)  |
Lindsey Graham (R-S.C.)  |
Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa)  |
Kamala Harris (D-Calif.)  |
Orrin Hatch (R-Utah)  |
Mazie Hirono (D-Hawaii)  |
John Kennedy (R-La.)  |
Amy Klobuchar (D-Minn.)  |
Patrick Leahy (D-Vt.)  |
Mike Lee (R-Utah)  |
Ben Sasse (R-Neb.)  |
Thom Tillis (R-N.C.)  |
Sheldon Whitehouse (D-R.I.)  |

## Day five (9/27/2018)[edit]

HIGHLIGHTS

* Brett Kavanaugh and Christine Ford testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee on September 27, 2018. Each gave prepared statements.

* Each member of the Senate Judiciary Committee had five minutes to question both Kavanaugh and Ford.

* Ford was questioned by Maricopa County Deputy Attorney Rachel Mitchell on behalf of Senate Republicans.

### Prepared statements[edit]

Click the links below to view the prepared statements of Kavanaugh, Ford, and Sens. Chuck Grassley (R) and Dianne Feinstein (D).

Brett Kavanaugh

Christine Ford

Chuck Grassley

Dianne Feinstein

## Day four (9/7/2018)[edit]

HIGHLIGHTS

* In the final day of the first round of hearings, a panel of witnesses on both sides of the nomination spoke.

* Democratic witnesses included Richard Nixon's White House counsel John Dean, Rep. Cedric Richmond (D), several law school professors, and attorneys.

* Republican witnesses included federal public defender A.J. Kramer, former clerks and students of Kavanaugh, and personal friends.

### Witness testimonies[edit]

Click the names below to access a transcript of each witness' testimony during the hearing, if available.[5]

* Paul T. Moxley, Chair of the American Bar Association Standing Committee on the Federal Judiciary

* Luke McCloud, former law clerk at Associate Williams & Connolly LLP

* Louisa Garry, teacher at Friends Academy

* Hon. Theodore Olson, former solicitor general, partner at Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher

* Colleen E. Roh Sinzdak, former student and senior associate at Hogan Lovells LLP

* Akhil Amar, professor of law and political science at Yale University

* Rep. Cedric Richmond

* Rochelle Garza, managing attorney at Garza & Garza Law

* Elizabeth Weintraub, advocacy specialist at the Association of University Centers on Disabilities

* Alicia Baker

* Melissa Murray, professor of law at New York University School of Law

* A.J. Kramer, federal public defender

* Rebecca Taibleson, former law clerk

* Maureen E. Mahoney, former deputy solicitor general of the United States

* Kenneth Christmas, Executive Vice President of Business & Legal Affairs at Marvista Entertainment

* Aalayah Eastmond

* Jackson Corbin

* Hunter Lachance

* Melissa Smith

* Monica Mastal

* Hon. Paul Clement, partner at Kirkland & Ellis LLP

* Adam White, executive director of the C. Boyden Gray Center for the Study of the Administrative State at Antonin Scalia Law School

* Jennifer Mascott, former law clerk and assistant professor of law at Antonin Scalia Law School

* John Dean, former counsel to President Richard Nixon

* Rebecca Ingber, associate professor of law at Boston University School of Law

* Lisa Heinzerling, professor of law at Georgetown University Law Center

* Peter Shane, professor of law at Moritz College of Law

## Day three (9/6/2018)[edit]

HIGHLIGHTS

* On the schedule for Thursday were 20-minute rounds of questions from each Senate Judiciary Committee member, with an additional 15 minutes per member if needed. A closed-door session was also held in the evening.

* In their questioning, senators touched on presidential power and the Affordable Care Act.

The topics below were comprised from a number of analysis and summary articles.

Affordable Care Act

Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX) asked Kavanaugh about a dissenting opinion the judge wrote in 2015 where he sided with the group Priests for Life, who argued that a provision in the Affordable Care Act to opt out for religious reasons was burdensome.

Kavanaugh expanded on his dissent, saying “the government had ways to ensure contraceptive coverage without doing so on the backs of religious objectors.”[6]

Cruz also asked Kavanaugh about a case in which he argued that a high school should allow student-led prayer in public at football games.

“Religious people, speakers and speech are entitled to equal treatment,” Kavanaugh said.

Presidential power

Sen. Dick Durbin (D-IL) asked Kavanaugh about placing checks on presidential power. He said, "Give us some reassurance about your commitment to the democratic institutions in this country, in the face of a president who seems prepared to cast them aside. Whether it's voter suppression, the role of the media — case after case, we hear this president willing to walk away from the rule of law in this country."[7]

Kavanaugh responded, "No one is above the law. I've made clear in my writings that a court order that requires a president to do something or prohibits a president from doing something under the Constitution or laws of the United States is the final word in our system."

Sen. Mazie Hirono (D-HI) asked Kavanaugh when the Supreme Court should question what a president says about national security.

Kavanaugh replied, "National security is not a blank check for the president...Even in the context of wartime, the courts are not silenced. Civil liberties are not silent."[7]

## Day two (9/5/2018)[edit]

HIGHLIGHTS

* The second day of Kavanaugh’s confirmation hearings consisted of 12 hours of senators questioning the judge, with each senator allotted 30 minutes.

* Recurring themes in the questioning included abortion, presidential power, judicial independence, and legal access to firearms.

The topics below were comprised from a number of analysis and summary articles.

Abortion

Kavanaugh was asked by senators including Sen. Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) about his views on the 1973 Roe v. Wade decision.

"I don’t live in a bubble," he told Feinstein. "I live in the real world. I understand the importance of the issue." He added that Roe is "settled as a precedent of the Supreme Court entitled to respect under principles of stare decisis."[8]

The judge was also asked about an opinion he wrote in 2017 dissenting from a majority ruling which required the government to permit a pregnant 17-year-old girl who had entered the country without legal permission to obtain an abortion.

Kavanaugh said, “If she had been an adult she would have had a right to obtain an abortion immediately,” but that legal precedent left room for delay in cases involving parental consent.[8]

"I specifically said the government cannot use this as a ruse to prevent abortion," Kavanaugh told Sen. Dick Durbin (D-IL). He said he also considered the girl’s circumstances. "She's a 17-year-old, by herself in a foreign country in a facility where she's detained and she has no one to talk to and she's pregnant. Now that is a difficult situation."[9]

Legal access to firearms

Sen. Feinstein asked Kavanaugh about his dissenting opinion in a 2011 case where he would have ruled unconstitutional Washington, D.C.’s ban on assault firearms.

Kavanaugh said his dissent was based on the precedent that the Constitution protects individual possession of handguns. “I was trying to follow strictly and carefully the Supreme Court precedent,” he said.[8]

He added, "Semi-automatic rifles are widely possessed in the United States. There are millions and millions and millions. As a judge, my job was to follow the Second Amendment decision of the Supreme Court, whether I agreed with it or disagreed with it."[9]

Judicial independence

Sen. Chuck Grassley (R-IA) asked Kavanaugh whether he would be independent from the president in making judicial decisions.

Kavanaugh responded, “The first thing that makes a good judge is independence, not being swayed by political or public pressure.”[10]

When Kavanaugh was asked for examples of what he saw as judicial independence, he cited the 1974 ruling ordering President Nixon to hand over subpoenaed materials during the Watergate investigation.

Presidential power and pardon

Kavanaugh was asked questions about presidential power that included whether a sitting president can be required to respond to a subpoena, whether he believed the president could fire a prosecutor investigating him, and whether a president could pardon himself.[11]

Sen. Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) asked Kavanaugh whether he would commit to recusing himself from cases investigating the president.

"To be consistent with the principle of independence of the judiciary, I should not and may not make a commitment about how I would handle a particular case, and the decision to participate in a case is itself a decision in a particular case," Kavanaugh said.[8]

## Day one (9/4/2018)[edit]

HIGHLIGHTS

* September 4, 2018, was the first day of confirmation hearings for Judge Brett Kavanaugh's nomination to the U.S. Supreme Court.

* Former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, Sen. Rob Portman (R), and attorney Lisa Blatt introduced Kavanaugh.

* Kavanaugh gave his testimony before the committee, which lasted about 15 minutes.

The first day of Brett Kavanaugh's Senate confirmation hearings began at 9:30 a.m. EST. Members of the Senate Judiciary Committee commenced the hearings with opening statements. Former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, Sen. Rob Portman (R), and attorney Lisa Blatt then introduced Kavanaugh. Testimony from Kavanaugh ended the day.[3]

Democrats pursued procedural processes to adjourn hearings for the first hour and a half of the hearings. Protestors in the hearing room resulted in 70 arrests, according to Capitol police.[12]

### Judiciary Committee member statements[edit]

Click the links below to access the opening statements made by the members of the Senate Judiciary Committee. Statements were obtained from the Senate Judiciary Committee's website, senators' websites, or social media. Sen. Jeff Flake's (R-AZ) statement could not be obtained as of September 5, 2018.

* Chuck Grassley (R-IA)

* Dianne Feinstein (D-CA)

* Patrick Leahy (D-VT)

* Dick Durbin (D-IL)

* Amy Klobuchar (D-MN)

* Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI)

* Christopher Coons (D-DE)

* Richard Blumenthal (D-CT)

* Mazie Hirono (D-HI)

* Kamala Harris (D-CA)

* Cory Booker (D-NJ)

* Orrin Hatch (R-UT)

* John Cornyn (R-TX)

* Mike Lee (R-UT)

* Lindsey Graham (R-SC)

* Ted Cruz (R-TX)

* Ben Sasse (R-NE)

* Mike Crapo (R-ID)

* Thom Tillis (R-NC)

* John Kennedy (R-LA)

### Brett Kavanaugh opening statement[edit]

The video below shows the opening statement of Brett Kavanaugh. Click here for the transcript of his speech.

"Judge Brett Kavanaugh Opening Statement " September 4, 2018

## Judiciary Committee questionnaire[edit]

The Senate Judiciary Committee provided Kavanaugh with a questionnaire to fill out prior to his confirmation hearing on July 14. He returned it completed on July 20. You can view it below. Click here to view the appendices.

## See also[edit]

* Nomination of Brett Kavanaugh to the U.S. Supreme Court
* Supreme Court vacancy, 2018: An overview
* Timeline of events related to the Supreme Court vacancy, 2018
* Process to fill the vacated seat of Justice Anthony Kennedy
* Supreme Court of the United States
* History of the Supreme Court
* Supreme Court cases, October term 2017-2018

## Footnotes[edit]

1. ↑ WKOW, "The Latest: Kavanaugh sworn in as Supreme Court justice," October 6, 2018
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 The Hill, "Judiciary panel approves Kavanaugh, sending nomination to full Senate," September 28, 2018
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Senate Judiciary Committee, "Nomination of the Honorable Brett M. Kavanaugh to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States," accessed September 4, 2018
4. ↑ New York Times, "Brett Kavanaugh’s Accuser Reaches Deal to Testify," September 23, 2018
5. ↑ Committee on the Judiciary, "Nomination of the Honorable Brett M. Kavanaugh to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (Day 4)," accessed September 10, 2018
6. ↑ Washington Post, "Supreme Court nominee declines to condemn Trump’s attacks on judiciary," September 6, 2018
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 NPR, "Senators Dispute Status Of Released Documents As Questioning Of Kavanaugh Wraps Up," September 6, 2018
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Bloomberg, "Kavanaugh Won't Promise to Recuse in Trump Case: Hearing Update," September 5, 2018
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 NPR, "Kavanaugh Defends Controversial Abortion, Gun-Control Dissents," September 5, 2018
10. ↑ The Associated Press, "Kavanaugh’s lips sealed on White House subpoenas, pardons," September 6, 2018
11. ↑ Reuters, "Supreme Court nominee evasive on scope of Trump's presidential power," September 5, 2018
12. ↑ CNN, "Partisan shouting marks first day of Brett Kavanaugh confirmation hearing," September 4, 2018

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Editorial|

Geoff Pallay, Editor-in-Chief • Daniel Anderson, Managing Editor • Josh Altic, Managing Editor • Cory Eucalitto, Managing Editor • Mandy Gillip, Managing Editor • Jerrick Adams • Victoria Antram • Dave Beaudoin • Jaclyn Beran • Marielle Bricker • Ryan Byrne • Kate Carsella • Kelly Coyle • Megan Feeney • Tyler King • Doug Kronaizl • Amee LaTour • David Luchs • Brittony Maag • Andrew McNair • Jackie Mitchell • Elisabeth Moore • Ellen Morrissey • Mackenzie Murphy • Paul Rader • Ethan Rice • Abbey Smith • Janie Valentine • Caitlin Vanden Boom • Joel Williams • Corinne Wolyniec • Samuel Wonacott • Mercedes Yanora