Ytterbium(III) oxide

Names
IUPAC name

Ytterbium(III) oxide.

Other names

Ytterbia
diytterbium trioxide
ytterbium sesquioxide

Identifiers

CAS Number

* 1314-37-0 Y

ChemSpider |

* 3337532

EC Number |

* 215-234-0

PubChem CID

* 4124403

UNII |

* T66CZ53RP4 Y

Properties

Chemical formula

| Yb2O3
Molar mass | 394.08 g/mol
Appearance  | White solid.
Density | 9.17 g/cm3, solid.
Melting point |  2,355 °C (4,271 °F; 2,628 K)
Boiling point |  4,070 °C (7,360 °F; 4,340 K)

Solubility in water

| Insoluble
Structure

Crystal structure

| Cubic, cI80

Space group

| Ia-3, No. 206

Coordination geometry

| Octahedral
Thermochemistry

Std molar
entropy (S ~~o~~ 298)

| 133.05 J/mol·K [1]

Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298)

| -1814.600 kJ/mol [1]

Gibbs free energy (ΔfG˚)

| -1726.844 kJ/mol [1]
Hazards
GHS pictograms |
GHS Signal word | Warning

GHS hazard statements

| H315, H319, H335

GHS precautionary statements

| P261, P305+351+338[2]
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)  |

Flash point | Non-flammable.
Related compounds

Other anions

| Ytterbium(III) sulfide, Ytterbium(III) chloride

Other cations

| Thulium(III) oxide
Lutetium(III) oxide

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Y verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Ytterbium(III) oxide is the chemical compound with the formula Yb2O3. It is one of the more commonly encountered compounds of ytterbium. It occurs naturally in trace amounts in the mineral gadolinite. It was first isolated from this in 1878 by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac.[3]

## Contents

* 1 Preparation
* 2 Properties
* 2.1 Chemical
* 2.2 Physical
* 3 Uses
* 4 See also
* 5 References
* 6 External links

## Preparation

Ytterbium(III) oxide can be obtained by directly reacting ytterbium with oxygen:[4]

4 Yb + 3 O
2 → 2 Yb

It can also be obtained by the thermal decomposition of ytterbium carbonate or ytterbium oxalate at temperatures around 700 °C:[5]

2(CO

3 → Yb

3 \+ 3CO

2(C

3 → Yb

3 \+ 3 CO
2 \+ 3CO

## Properties

### Chemical

Ytterbium(III) oxide is a white powder.[2] It reacts with carbon tetrachloride[6] or hot hydrochloric acid to form ytterbium(III) chloride:[7]

2 Yb

3 \+ 3 CCl
4 → 4 YbCl
3 \+ 3 CO

3 \+ 6 HCl → 2 YbCl
3 \+ 3 H

### Physical

Like the other trivalent oxides of the heavier lanthanides, ytterbium(III) oxide has the "rare-earth C-type sesquioxide" structure which is related to the fluorite structure with one quarter of the anions removed, leading to ytterbium atoms in two different six coordinate (non-octahedral) environments.[8]

## Uses

* Colorant for glasses and enamels
* Dopant for garnet crystals in lasers
* Optical fibers
* Additive for special alloys and dielectric ceramic materials[9]

## See also

* Active laser medium

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 R. Robie, B. Hemingway, and J. Fisher, “Thermodynamic Properties of Minerals and Related Substances at 298.15K and 1bar Pressure and at Higher Temperatures,” US Geol. Surv., vol. 1452, 1978.[1]
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Sigma Aldrich; rev. 2012-09-19
3. ↑ Krebs, Robert E.; Déjur, Rae (2006). The history and use of our earth's chemical elements: a reference guide (2nd ed.). Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-33438-2.
4. ↑ Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils (2007). Holleman, Arnold F.. ed. Lehrbuch der anorganischen Chemie (102., stark umgearbeitete und verbesserte Auflage ed.). Berlin New York: Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-017770-1.
5. ↑ Meyer, Gerd, ed (1991). Synthesis of lanthanide and actinide compounds. Topics in f element chemistry. Dordrecht: Kluwer. ISBN 978-0-7923-1018-1.
6. ↑ GORYUSHKIN, V. F.; ASTAKHOVA, I. S.; POSHEVNEVA, A. I.; ZALYMOVA, S. A. (1989-12-19). "ChemInform Abstract: Crystalline Holmium Dichloride.". ChemInform 20 (51). doi:10.1002/chin.198951025. ISSN 0931-7597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.198951025.
7. ↑ Sebastian, Jörg; Seifert, Hans-Joachim (1998-09-07). "Ternary chlorides in the systems ACl/YbCl3 (A=Cs,Rb,K)". Thermochimica Acta 318 (1): 29–37. doi:10.1016/S0040-6031(98)00326-8. ISSN 0040-6031. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040603198003268.
8. ↑ Wells, Alexander Frank (1991). Structural inorganic chemistry. Oxford science publications (5th ed.). Oxford: Clarendon press. ISBN 978-0-19-855370-0.
9. ↑ Milne, G. W. A. (2005-09-02) (in en). Gardner's Commercially Important Chemicals: Synonyms, Trade Names, and Properties. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-73661-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=qzFpFxBtYeUC&pg=PA767#v=onepage.

## External links

* Information at WebElements

* v
* t
* e

Ytterbium compounds

Yb(II)|

* YbCl2

Yb(III)|

* YbBr3
* YbCl3
* YbF3
* Yb2O3
* Yb2(SO4)3

Other|

* YbRh2Si2

* v
* t
* e

Oxides

Mixed oxidation states|

* Antimony tetroxide (Sb2O4)
* Cobalt(II,III) oxide (Co3O4)
* Europium(II,III) oxide (Eu3O4)
* Iron(II,III) oxide (Fe<sub>3O4)
* Lead(II,IV) oxide (Pb3O4)
* Manganese(II,III) oxide (Mn3O4)
* Silver(I,III) oxide (Ag2O2)
* Triuranium octoxide (U3O8)
* Carbon suboxide (C3O2)
* Mellitic anhydride (C12O9)
* [[Chemistry:Praseodymium(III,IV) Praseodymium(III,IV) oxide]] (Pr6O11)
* Terbium(III,IV) oxide (Tb4O7)

+1 oxidation state|

* Copper(I) oxide (Cu<sub>2O)
* Caesium oxide (Cs2O)
* Dicarbon monoxide (C2O)
* Dichlorine monoxide (Cl2O)
* Gallium(I) oxide (Ga2O)
* Lithium oxide (Li2O)
* Potassium oxide (K2O)
* Rubidium oxide (Rb2O)
* Silver oxide (Ag2O)
* Thallium(I) oxide (Tl2O)
* Sodium oxide (Na2O)
* Water (hydrogen oxide) (H2O)

+2 oxidation state|

* Aluminium(II) oxide (AlO)
* Barium oxide (BaO)
* Beryllium oxide (BeO)
* Cadmium oxide (CdO)
* Calcium oxide (CaO)
* Carbon monoxide (CO)
* Chromium(II) oxide (CrO)
* Cobalt(II) oxide (CoO)
* Copper(II) oxide (CuO)
* Europium(II) oxide (EuO)
* Germanium monoxide (GeO))
* Iron(II) oxide (FeO)
* Lead(II) oxide (PbO)
* Magnesium oxide (MgO)
* Manganese(II) oxide (MnO)
* Mercury(II) oxide (HgO)
* Nickel(II) oxide (NiO)
* Nitric oxide (NO)
* Palladium(II) oxide (PdO)
* Silicon monoxide (SiO)
* Strontium oxide (SrO)
* Sulfur monoxide (SO)
* Disulfur dioxide (S2O2)
* Thorium monoxide (ThO)
* Tin(II) oxide (SnO)
* Titanium(II) oxide (TiO)
* Vanadium(II) oxide (VO)
* Zinc oxide (ZnO)

+3 oxidation state|

* Aluminium oxide (Al<sub>2O3)
* Antimony trioxide (Sb2O3)
* Arsenic trioxide (As2O3)
* Bismuth(III) oxide (Bi2O3)
* Boron trioxide (B2O3)
* Cerium(III) oxide (Ce2O3)
* Dibromine trioxide (Br2O3)
* Chromium(III) oxide (Cr2O3)
* Dinitrogen trioxide (N2O3)
* Dysprosium(III) oxide (Dy2O3)
* Erbium(III) oxide (Er2O3)
* Europium(III) oxide (Eu2O3)
* Gadolinium(III) oxide (Gd2O3)
* Gallium(III) oxide (Ga2O3)
* Holmium(III) oxide (Ho2O3)
* Indium(III) oxide (In<sub>2O3)
* Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)
* Lanthanum oxide (La2O3)
* Lutetium(III) oxide (Lu2O3)
* Manganese(III) oxide (Mn2O3)
* Neodymium(III) oxide (Nd2O3)
* Nickel(III) oxide (Ni2O3)
* Phosphorus trioxide (P4O6)
* Praseodymium(III) oxide (Pr2O3)
* Promethium(III) oxide (Pm2O3)
* Rhodium(III) oxide (Rh2O3)
* [[Chemistry:Samarium(III) Samarium(III) oxide]] (Sm2O3)
* Scandium oxide (Sc2O3)
* Terbium(III) oxide (Tb2O3)
* Thallium(III) oxide (Tl2O3)
* Thulium(III) oxide (Tm2O3)
* Titanium(III) oxide (Ti2O3)
* Tungsten(III) oxide (W2O3)
* Vanadium(III) oxide (V2O3)
* Ytterbium(III) oxide (Yb2O3)
* Yttrium(III) oxide (Y2O3)

+4 oxidation state|

* Americium dioxide (AmO2)
* Carbon dioxide (CO2)
* Carbon trioxide (CO3)
* Cerium(IV) oxide (CeO2)
* Chlorine dioxide (ClO2)
* Chromium(IV) oxide (CrO<sub>2)
* Dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4)
* Germanium dioxide (GeO<sub>2)
* [[Chemistry:Hafnium(IV) Hafnium(IV) oxide]] (HfO2)
* Lead dioxide (PbO2)
* Manganese dioxide (MnO2)
* Neptunium(IV) oxide (NpO2)
* Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
* Osmium dioxide (OsO2)
* Plutonium(IV) oxide (PuO2)
* Praseodymium(IV) oxide (PrO2)
* Protactinium(IV) oxide (PaO2)
* Rhodium(IV) oxide (RhO2)
* Ruthenium(IV) oxide (RuO<sub>2)
* Selenium dioxide (SeO2)
* Silicon dioxide (SiO2)
* Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
* Tellurium dioxide (TeO<sub>2)
* [[Chemistry:Terbium(IV) Terbium(IV) oxide]] (TbO2)
* Thorium dioxide (ThO2)
* Tin dioxide (SnO2)
* Titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2)
* Tungsten(IV) oxide (WO2)
* Uranium dioxide (UO2)
* Vanadium(IV) oxide (VO2)
* Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)

+5 oxidation state|

* Antimony pentoxide (Sb2O5)
* Arsenic pentoxide (As2O5)
* Dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5)
* Niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5)
* Phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5)
* Protactinium(V) oxide (Pa2O5)
* Tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5)
* Vanadium(V) oxide (V2O5)

+6 oxidation state|

* Chromium trioxide (CrO3)
* Molybdenum trioxide (MoO3)
* Rhenium trioxide (ReO3)
* Selenium trioxide (SeO3)
* Sulfur trioxide (SO3)
* Tellurium trioxide (TeO3)
* Tungsten trioxide (WO3)
* Uranium trioxide (UO3)
* Xenon trioxide (XeO3)
* Iridium trioxide (IrO3)

+7 oxidation state|

* Dichlorine heptoxide (Cl2O7)
* Manganese heptoxide (Mn2O7)
* [[Chemistry:Rhenium(VII) Rhenium(VII) oxide]] (Re2O7)
* Technetium(VII) oxide (Tc2O7)

+8 oxidation state|

* Osmium tetroxide (OsO4)
* Ruthenium tetroxide (RuO4)
* Xenon tetroxide (XeO4)
* Iridium tetroxide (IrO4)
* Hassium tetroxide (HsO4)

Related|

* Oxocarbon
* Suboxide
* Oxyanion
* Ozonide
* Peroxide
* Superoxide

Oxides are sorted by oxidation state. Category:Oxides

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*[H319]: Causes serious eye irritation
*[H335]: May cause respiratory irritation
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