TYPE (DOS command)

type

The BW-DOS `TYPE` command

Developer(s)| Various open-source and commercial developers
Operating system| RT-11, OS/8, RSX-11, TOPS-10, TOPS-20, VMS, CP/M, MP/M, CDOS, TRIPOS, HDOS, AmigaDOS, DOS, MSX-DOS, FlexOS, PC-MOS, SpartaDOS X, 4690 OS, OS/2, Windows, AROS, ReactOS, SymbOS
Platform| Cross-platform
Type| Command
License| PC-MOS: GPLv3
AROS: AROS Public
ReactOS: GPLv2

In computing, type is a command in various command-line interpreters (shells) such as `COMMAND.COM`, `cmd.exe`, 4DOS/4NT and Windows PowerShell used to display the contents of specified files on the computer terminal. The analogous Unix command is cat.

## Contents

* 1 Implementations
* 1.1 DEC RT-11
* 1.1.1 Syntax
* 1.1.2 Examples
* 1.2 DR CP/M, MP/M, FlexOS
* 1.2.1 Syntax
* 1.2.2 Examples
* 1.3 TSL PC-MOS
* 1.3.1 Syntax
* 1.3.2 Examples
* 1.4 Microsoft Windows, OS/2, ReactOS
* 1.4.1 Syntax
* 1.4.2 Examples
* 2 See also
* 3 References
* 4 Further reading
* 5 External links

## Implementations

Description of the TYPE command of RT-11SJ displayed on a VT100.

The command is available in the operating systems DEC RT-11,[1] OS/8,[2] RSX-11,[3] TOPS-10,[4] TOPS-20,[5] VMS, Digital Research CP/M,[6] MP/M,[7][8] MetaComCo TRIPOS,[9] Heath Company HDOS,[10] AmigaDOS,[11] DOS, FlexOS,[12] TSL PC-MOS,[13] SpartaDOS X,[14] IBM/Toshiba 4690 OS,[15] IBM OS/2, Microsoft Windows,[16] ReactOS,[17] AROS,[18] and SymbOS.[19]

The `type` command is supported by Tim Paterson's SCP 86-DOS.[20] On MS-DOS, the command is available in versions 1 and later.[21] DR DOS 6.0 also includes an implementation of the `TYPE` command.[22]

It is also available in the open source MS-DOS emulator DOSBox and the EFI shell.[23]

In Windows PowerShell, type is a predefined command alias for the Get-Content Cmdlet which basically serves the same purpose. TYPE originated as an internal command in 86-DOS.

The command-syntax and feature set between operating systems and command shell implementations can differ as can be seen in the following examples.

### DEC RT-11

In Digital Equipment Corporation's RT-11, the command accepts up to six input file specifications. Multiple file specifications are separated with commas.

The default filetype is .LST. Wildcards are accepted in place of filenames or filetypes.

#### Syntax

The command-syntax on RT-11 is:

TYPE[/options] filespecs

* `COPIES:n` – Specify the number of times the file will be typed
* `DELETE` – Delete the file after typing it
* `LOG` – Log the names of the files typed
* `NEWFILES` – Only files dated with the current system date will be typed
* `NOLOG` – Suppress the log of the files typed
* `QUERY` – Require confirmation before typing each file
* `WAIT` – Wait for user response before proceeding with the type

#### Examples

TYPE/COPIES:3 REPORT

TYPE/NEWFILES *.LST

### DR CP/M, MP/M, FlexOS

In Digital Research CP/M, the command expands tabs and line-feed characters (CTRL-I), assuming tab positions are set at every eighth column.

The command does not support wildcard characters on FlexOS.[12]

#### Syntax

The command-syntax on CP/M is:

TYPE ufn

Note: ufn = unambiguous file reference

In MP/M, the command has a pause mode. It is specified by entering a 'P' followed by two decimal digits after the filename. The specified number of lines will be displayed and then the command will pause until a carriage return is entered.[7]

#### Examples

A>TYPE FILE.PLM

A>TYPE B:X.PRN

0A>TYPE CODE.ASM P23

### TSL PC-MOS

The Software Link's PC-MOS includes an implementation of `TYPE`. Like the rest of the operating system, it is licensed under the GPL v3.[24] It supports an option to display the file content in hexadecimal form.[13]

#### Syntax

The command-syntax on PC-MOS is:

.TYPE filename [/h]

* `filename` – The name of the file to display
* `/h` – Display content in hexadecimal form

#### Examples

[A:\].TYPE FILE.BIN /h

### Microsoft Windows, OS/2, ReactOS

The ReactOS `type` command

The command supports wildcard characters. In Microsoft Windows and OS/2 it includes the filename in the output when typing multiple files.

#### Syntax

The command-syntax on Microsoft Windows and ReactOS is:

type [Drive:][Path]FileName

* `[Drive:][Path]FileName` – This parameter specifies the location and name of the file or files to view. Multiple file names need to be separated with spaces.
* `/?` – This parameter displays help for the command.

#### Examples

C:\>type "my report.txt"

C:\>type *.txt

## See also

* List of DOS commands
* List of Unix commands

## References

1. ↑ "RT-11 HELP FILE". http://paleoferrosaurus.com/beta/documents/rt11help.html#TYPE.
2. ↑ "Concise Command Language" (CCL)."OS/8 Handbook". April 1974. http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/dec/pdp8/os8/OS8_Handbook_Apr1974.pdf.
3. ↑ John F. Pieper (1987). RSX A Guide for Users. Digital Equipment Corporation. ISBN 0-932376-90-8. http://www.rsx11m.com/rsxguide.pdf. Retrieved 2020-09-19.
4. ↑ TOPS-10 Operating System Commands Manual. Digital Equipment Corporation. August 1980. http://scandocs.trailing-edge.com/tops10-aa-0916d-tb.pdf. Retrieved 2019-02-17.
5. ↑ "TOPS-20 Command manual". http://www.textfiles.com/bitsavers/pdf/dec/pdp10/TOPS20/V6.1/AA-FP65A-TM_tops20CmdsRef.pdf.
6. ↑ "Manual". http://www.cpm.z80.de/manuals/cpm22-m.pdf.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Digital Research (July 1981). MP/M - Multi-Programming Monitor Control Program - User's Guide (4 ed.). Pacific Grove, CA, USA: Digital Research. http://www.cpm.z80.de/manuals/mpm1ug01.pdf. Retrieved 2017-01-04.
8. ↑ Digital Research (1981-09-25). MP/M-86 Operating System - User's Guide (1 ed.). Pacific Grove, CA, USA: Digital Research. http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/digitalResearch/mpm-86/MPM-86_Users_Guide_Sep81.pdf. Retrieved 2017-01-04.
9. ↑ "Manual". https://www.pagetable.com/docs/amigados_tripos/tripos_manuals.pdf.
10. ↑ Heath Company. "Software Reference Manual HDOS SYSTEM Chapter 2 General Operations" (in en). http://sebhc.lesbird.com/documentation/software/HDOS-2/HDOS_Reference_Chapter2.pdf.
11. ↑ Rügheimer, Hannes; Spanik, Christian (September 19, 1988). AmigaDOS quick reference. Grand Rapids, Mi : Abacus. ISBN 9781557550491. https://archive.org/details/1988-rugheimer-spanik-amigados-quick-reference.
12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 FlexOS User's Guide Version 1.3 (1 ed.). Digital Research. November 1986. 1073-2003-001. http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/digitalResearch/flexos/1073-2003_FlexOS_Users_Guide_V1.3_Nov86.pdf. Retrieved 2019-04-23.
13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "roelandjansen/pcmos386v501". 2 January 2022. https://github.com/roelandjansen/pcmos386v501.
14. ↑ SpartaDOS X 4.48 User Guide
15. ↑ "Users guide" (PDF). https://archive.org/details/4690OSV6r2UsersGuide/page/n169.
16. ↑ "Microsoft TechNet Type article". 11 September 2009. https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb491026.aspx.
17. ↑ "reactos/reactos". 3 January 2022. https://github.com/reactos/reactos.
18. ↑ "AROS Research Operating System". https://aros.sourceforge.io/documentation/users/shell/index.php.
19. ↑ "Data sheet". http://www.symbos.de/appinfo.htm?00025.
20. ↑ 86-DOS - Disk Operating System for the 8086 - User's Manual (Preliminary ed.). Seattle, Washington, USA: Seattle Computer Products, Inc.. 1980. http://www.patersontech.com/Dos/docs/86_Dos_usr_03.pdf. Retrieved 2019-07-14. (59 pages)
21. ↑ Running MS-DOS Version 6.22 (20th Anniversary Edition), 6th Revised edition. Microsoft Press. 2003. ISBN 0-7356-1812-7.
22. ↑ DR DOS 6.0 User Guide Optimisation and Configuration Tips
23. ↑ "EFI Shells and Scripting". Intel. http://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/efi-shells-and-scripting/.
24. ↑ Jansen, Roeland (8 February 2018). "pcmos386v501: PC-MOS/386 v5.01 final release including cdrom driver sources". https://github.com/roelandjansen/pcmos386v501.

## Further reading

* Practical Guide to CP/M. Dilithium Press. 1983. ISBN 978-0880560771.
* Kathy Ivens; Brian Proffit (1993). OS/2 Inside & Out. Osborne McGraw-Hill. ISBN 9780078818714.
* John Paul Mueller (2007). Windows Administration at the Command Line for Windows Vista, Windows 2003, Windows XP, and Windows 2000. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0470165799.

## External links

* type | Microsoft Docs

* v
* t
* e

Windows command-line programs and shell builtins

* COMMAND.COM
* Command Prompt
* Windows PowerShell
* Recovery Console

File system navigation|

* cd (chdir)
* dir
* popd
* pushd
* tree

File management|

* attrib
* cacls
* cipher
* compact
* copy
* del (erase)
* deltree
* expand
* icacls
* makecab
* mkdir (md)
* mklink
* move
* recover
* ren (rename)
* replace
* rmdir (rd)
* robocopy
* tar
* xcopy

Disk management|

* chkdsk
* convert
* defrag
* diskcomp
* diskcopy
* diskpart
* drvspace
* fdisk
* format
* label
* manage-bde
* subst
* scandisk
* sys
* vol
* vssadmin

Processes|

* at
* exit
* kill
* powercfg
* runas
* sc
* schtasks
* shutdown
* start
* taskkill
* tasklist

Registry|

* assoc
* ftype
* reg
* regini
* regsvr32

User environment|

* date
* mode
* path
* set
* setx
* time
* title
* ver
* whoami

File contents|

* comp
* edit
* edlin
* fc
* find
* findstr
* print
* type

Scripting|

* choice
* clip
* cscript
* doskey
* echo
* for
* forfiles
* goto
* if
* more
* pause
* prompt
* rem
* timeout

Networking|

* arp
* BITSAdmin
* cURL
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* hostname
* ipconfig
* net
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* nslookup
* PathPing
* ping
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* scp
* sftp
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* ssh-add
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* ssh-keyscan
* tracert
* winrm
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Maintenance and care|

* driverquery
* eventcreate
* eventtriggers
* msiexec
* ntbackup
* sfc
* systeminfo
* w32tm
* WBAdmin
* winsat
* wmic

Boot management|

* bcdedit
* bootcfg
* fixboot
* fixmbr

Software development|

* debug
* exe2bin
* QBasic

Miscellaneous|

* cls
* dism
* dpath
* gpupdate
* help
* MSCDEX
* pentnt
* wsl

* List of DOS commands
* Environment variables

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