Marijuana

Indoor Marijuana Grow (DEA photo)

Marijuana (called "joint", "kush", "pot", "reefer", "hash", "cannabis" and "weed"[1]) is a flowering bud of the Cannabis genus of plant[2] as prepared for human consumption with a pungent odor. The main psychoactive ingredient in marijuana is THC.[3] Because THC is harmful, in most countries marijuana is illegal, although legal with restrictions in some liberal states.[4] In a few places it can even be purchased in a vending machine.[5] Legalization was falsely promoted to end its unlawful sale, but its illegal drug pushing continues as before. Pot smoking increases the risk of mental problems, as confirmed by studies,[6] and may be a cause of brain tumors that are increasing in prevalence.[7]

Marijuana is a highly addictive drug that causes short-term memory loss, malaise, psychosis in predisposed individuals, violence and violent fits, as well as impairment of physical and mental functioning. Studies confirm and even defenders of marijuana admit that it causes violent paranoia.[8] Marijuana use may contribute to a rise in brain tumors. While some pretend that cannabis has "medicinal" benefits (see Medical marijuana), many scientists debunk that fiction and observe that there are numerous federally approved medicines for the diseases that "medicinal" marijuana has been used to treat. Marijuana consumption impairs one's ability to drive, creating deadly hazards on the road. Cannabis is banned in Olympic athletes by the World Anti-Doping Authority.

The media downplays or even conceals the role of marijuana in murders that result from extreme paranoia. There were many media reports about the brutal random murder of the 22-year-old rookie police officer Natalie Corona in Davis, California in January 2019, by Kevin Douglas Limbaugh, a white man aged 48. The toxicology report on Limbaugh showed that he had THC in his blood, which demonstrates his marijuana use.[9] Yet media reports about the murderer's marijuana use are very hard to find.

A study from New Zealand conducted in part by researchers at Duke University showed that people who started smoking marijuana heavily in their teens and had an ongoing marijuana use disorder lost an average of 8 IQ points between ages 13 and 38. The lost mental abilities didn't fully return in those who quit marijuana as adults. Those who started smoking marijuana as adults didn't show notable IQ declines. [10] This type of permanent brain damage and hindrance is common among teenagers who use drugs for prolonged periods of development.

Liberal denial conceals that "the water demand for growing cannabis typically exceeds that of commodity crops by nearly double."[11]

As of early 2019, only two countries have legalized recreational use of marijuana, as in 2013 socialist Uruguay legalized the drug, and Canada, under Trudeau's Liberal Party, legalized marijuana in October 2018. In the United States, "21 states have moved to permit its use for medical reasons or for recreation. A further 16 allow medical marijuana."[12] However, due to the Supremacy Clause, federal law criminalizing marijuana has a limiting effect on business operations to the extent the federal government enforces federal law.

## Contents

* 1 Legal history
* 1.1 United States
* 1.2 Overseas
* 2 Adverse effects
* 2.1 Crime
* 3 Medical benefits
* 3.1 Marinol
* 3.2 Cannabidiol (CBD)
* 4 Atheism, marijuana usage and amotivational syndrome
* 5 Tax revenue
* 6 Trivia
* 7 References

## Legal history[edit]

### United States[edit]

Marijuana was first restricted in the United States on the federal level in 1937, with Franklin Delano Roosevelt's signing of the 1937 Marihuana Tax Act.[13] On May 19, 1969, the Supreme Court declared the Marihuana Tax Act unconstitutional due to illegal self-incrimination, a violation of the Fifth Amendment, in the case of Leary v. United States.[14] As a result, President Richard Nixon signed into law the Controlled Substances Act on October 27, 1970, renewing the ban on marijuana.[15] From 1973 to 1978, several US states "decriminalized" marijuana, meaning that they would not enforce state laws against minor marijuana use and possession. This began with Oregon, and was joined with Alaska, California, Minnesota, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Nebraska.[16] In 1996 in California, a voter referendum legalized the use of marijuana for medical usages, allowing it to be used for any condition for which a patient presented a doctor's recommendation.[17] Arizona also passed a medical cannabis ballot measure, but it was rendered ineffective on a technicality.[18] Other states followed, and in 2014 Utah became the first state to legalize only some derivatives of marijuana, not the full drug itself.[19] In 2012, Washington and Colorado "legalized" recreational marijuana by voter initiative;[20] by early 2018 the number of recreational legal states reached nine with the addition of Vermont.[21]

Marijuana is a Schedule I Controlled Substance in the United States of America, meaning that it is illegal under federal law of the United States, and considered to have no redeemable medical value. According to the FBI, in 2012, there were 658,000 arrests for marijuana possession compared with 256,000 for cocaine, heroin and their derivatives.[22]

Many liberals have advocated for decriminalization, including National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws, Marijuana Policy Project, and Law Enforcement Against Prohibition.[23][24] On July 26, 2014, the New York Times published an editorial calling for removing federal controls over marijuana for people 21 and older, leaving the question to individual states.[22] Many American conservatives, especially social conservatives, oppose legalization of marijuana in any form due to its perceived harmful medical and psychological effects and its likelihood of harm to third parties due to drug-related crime and reckless driving. A few libertarian-leaning conservatives, most notably Ron Paul, William F. Buckley, and Larry Elder, have advocated the decriminalization of this drug. Some liberals support legalization, but most instead advocate for drug treatment and rehabilitation. Libertarians are usually the biggest supporters of marijuana legalization. Gary Johnson, a former Republican and 2012 Libertarian Party Presidential candidate for president, is the highest ranking US politician to advocate for marijuana legalization. He was a two-term Governor of New Mexico.

Legalization on a Federal level is virtually impossible, since the United States was a major leader in the international treaty known as the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs[25] of 1970. Said treaty is defined by the Constitution as carrying equal weight to an Amendment to the Constitution; therefore, the only way marijuana could ever be legal on a Federal level is if we withdrew from a treaty of our own creation as a prerequisite to legalization.

The Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement Act was passed through the U.S. House of Representatives on December 4th, 2020. Passage in the Senate is very unlikely.

### Overseas[edit]

The Netherlands decriminalized the use of marijuana in 1976. As a result, marijuana use among the 18-25 age group doubled, however, despite its availability, marijuana use in the Netherlands is lower than the European average. The Netherlands also saw an influx of "drug tourists" and other undesirables, as well as an increase in crime. In 2013, the government of the Netherlands enacted a new toleration rule regarding the use of marijuana in order to combat drug tourism, essentially restricting access of marijuana to citizens[26]. Crime has since leveled out, leaving the Netherlands with one of the lowest crime rates in Europe until recently[27].

In several countries, particularly in Western Europe, cannabis use has been decriminalized. However, in many other countries, particularly those in the Middle East and Asia, possession of even small amounts of cannabis can be punishable by death.

In 2013, Uruguay initiated nationwide legalization of recreational marijuana, becoming the first developed nation to do so in the modern era.[28] Canada legalized recreational cannabis in October 2018, allowing "pot shops" that sold marijuana under the ruse of "medicinal" purposes to drop the pretense and begin selling marijuana openly for recreational purposes.

In December 2020, the United Nations voted to reclassify marijuana from the most restrictive Schedule IV classification (equivalent to the US Schedule I) to the less restrictive U.N. Schedule I, indicating that marijuana has a valid medicinal value, while still being highly addictive[29]. Should liberals have their way, this opens the window for the U.S. to classify marijuana as Schedule II without violating the Single Convention.

## Adverse effects[edit]

Areas of the brain negatively effected by THC

Marijuana contains many of the same carcinogens as tobacco, and some research suggests that when smoked, it shares the same risk of lung cancer[30] If smoked, marijuana also leads to a temporary increase in heart rate and blood pressure resulting is a slight increase in the risk for heart related problems including heart attack.[31] Chronic smokers often suffer from mild withdrawal symptoms, however marijuana is not believed to be physically addictive.[32] Marijuana can impair judgment, motor skills, and balance.[33] Prenatal exposure to marijuana has also been linked to impaired learning and developmental disability in children.[34] If marijuana is consumed heavily and on a daily basis by children around the age of 12 for a period of years, even liberal scientists have been forced to conclude that humans have a 1/4th random chance of developing psychosis, based on a random genetic trait.[35] However, all of these adverse effects, which have been the motivation for making recreational use of marijuana illegal, are typically ignored by the liberal advocates of recreational marijuana use, who use deceitful and dismissive arguments (including the creation, publication and use of fraudulent "studies" which claim to "debunk" the science proving the negative effects of marijuana, without offering any legitimate proof behind their "debunking" claims) against keeping marijuana use illegal to justify its use and are motivated both by politics and simply by doing what they want at the expense of public health and safety.[36][37]

### Crime[edit]

The liberal media typically downplay or completely ignore the role of marijuana in mass killings, horrific accidents, and other types of harm to innocent people victimized by users of the drug. For example, authorities conceal from the public how much marijuana was in the system of "College Weed Dealer" Dzhokhar Tsarnaev when he went on his killing rampage.[38][39] Rolling Stone magazine, which has often featured musicians who abuse drugs, put Dzhokhar Tsarnaev on its July 13, 2013 cover. The magazine's article described him as "a dedicated pot smoker" and local dealer who "always had big Tupperware containers of weed in his fridge." [40]

The current trend of marijuana becoming legal on the state level has lead to increased supply in the United States, which in turn has lead to Mexican drug cartels choosing to switch to heroin and methamphetamine, both far deadlier drugs, due to marijuana commanding a lesser profit margin.[41][42][43][44]

## Medical benefits[edit]

Advocates of marijuana claim that the active ingredient in marijuana, THC, has been shown to produce some short-term psychological and medicinal "benefits", which are probably more than offset by the medical harm. For example, Harvard University conducted a study on the effect of Δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol on certain lung cancers, claiming that THC might help reduce a lung cancer tumor size by as much as half.[45] In addition to a significant reduction in tumor size, there was a reduction in lesions on the lungs by 60%, and a reduction in protein markers associated with the progression of cancer.[46]

Marijuana is used to relieve symptoms experienced by patients afflicted with ALS.[47]

Marijuana is an antispasmodic and anticonvulsant is used in the treatment of seizures.[48] Marijuana is also used in the treatment of migraines, arthritis,[49] depression,[50] and glaucoma. However the effect of marijuana on intraocular pressure (IOC) is not as effective as those offered by other drugs on the market.[51] In states where marijuana is legal (either completely or via medication), parents of young children have been known to seek out strains that are high in Cannabidiol (CBD) and low in THC; Cannabidiol is known to counteract the "high" of THC, and is believed to be the cause of the anti-seizure effects when consumed.

There have not been many in-depth and widely distributed studies into the possible medicinal effects of marijuana. However, with political pressure from liberal advocates of marijuana, more accredited institutions are conducting research on the drug.

Despite state legality, physicians are reluctant to prescribe "medicinal" marijuana fearing it may jeopardize their DEA license to prescribe controlled substances.[52] "Medicinal" marijuana is used by physicians as a last-resort in states where it is legal or semi-legal (under state law), but also misused by people who simply want to get high. "Medicinal" marijuana, however well-intentioned and beneficial, will also lead to abuses in that system.

### Marinol[edit]

Marinol (a brand formulation of dronabinol)[53] is a schedule III controlled substance, approved for relief of nausea and vomiting in persons undergoing cancer chemotherapy and to improve appetite in persons with AIDS. It is dispensed in gelatin capsules containing synthetic Δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol dissolved in sesame oil. Liberals advocating "medicinal" marijuana do their best to ignore this drug. A 1998 survey of physicians, addiction specialists and police demonstrated no evidence or concern about the abuse, dependence or diversion of Marinol.[54] About this time, the DEA moved the drug from schedule II to the less restrictive schedule III.[55]

### Cannabidiol (CBD)[edit]

CBD is chemically extracted from the cannabis plant. It is legal in most states, and its oil has been proven to be effective in certain cases of epilepsy and insomnia. So far, any other effects have been demonstrated to be snake-oil. While CBD itself is safe, oils claiming to contain CBD are currently unregulated by the FDA.[56]

## Atheism, marijuana usage and amotivational syndrome[edit]

* Atheism and amotivational syndrome (Marijuana usage is associated with amotivational syndrome)

## Tax revenue[edit]

Marijuana advocates, ignoring the adverse health, cultural, and societal effects of legalized marijuana, point to increased tax revenue in states where it is legal and heavily taxed.[57] Colorado alone has made over $1 billion in tax revenue over the course of its five years of legalization, roughly the same amount that the seven states where marijuana is both legal and taxed made in 2018.[58][59]

## Trivia[edit]

* Carl Sagan used recreational marijuana to help "open his mind".[60]
* Cannabis was first cultivated in China around 4000 B.C.[50]
* U.S. Declaration of Independence was not written on hemp paper, despite popular belief by liberals.[61]
* George Washington grew marijuana.[62]
* An average human will pass out after consuming 1/14 of the LD-50 of weed, which is why no overdoses have ever been reported. Driving while high, however, is extremely dangerous.[63]
* Barack Obama has admitted to use of marijuana. Former President Bill Clinton has also admitted to smoking marijuana, but claims that he "did not inhale". Former President George W. Bush privately admitted to smoking marijuana, but stated he wouldn't state it publicly "'Cause I don't want some little kid doing what I tried."
* Marijuana was originally a slang name, and as such, it is the only drug to be legally defined by its slang name
* Industrial marijuana was briefly made legal in World War II in order to keep up with the demand of rope, canvas and other materials traditionally made from hemp[64]
* Marijuana is called "weed" because it grows like one- heterogeneous marijuana grows in every part of the world except for the Arctic poles. In the United States, one can report the accidental growth of marijuana on ones' property to law enforcement without fear of criminal penalty
* Like many plants, marijuana was selectively bred over the course of millennia in order to increase its potency. Primitive marijuana plants, if smoked, would induce a headache rather than the desired "high"

## References[edit]

1. ↑ Also colloquially known as "chronic" or "ganja", and marijuana can be spelled as "marihuana".
2. ↑ Divided into the species Sativa, Indica and Ruderalis.
3. ↑ Or delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, an organic chemical compound which imitates natural cannabinoids produced in the human body.
4. ↑ The sale of marijuana is illegal virtually everywhere in the world (other than Uruguay, Canada, and some liberal areas of the United States), and results in long prison sentences in many places. In Portugal, Argentina, California and South Australia, the use (rather than the sale) of small quantities of marijuana is allowed. In the United States it remains illegal under federal law, though the law is generally enforced only when dealing with large quantities indicating intent to distribute.
5. ↑ E.g. Seattle
6. ↑ https://www.cdc.gov/marijuana/data-statistics.htm
7. ↑ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21327863/
8. ↑ "Smoking Marijuana makes you Violent. Paranoia, a natural thought process that all humans will experience at one time or another, is often experienced by heavy smokers more often than non smokers." [1]
9. ↑ https://www.visaliatimesdelta.com/story/opinion/2019/04/17/dont-ignore-mental-illness-ties-marijuana/3491146002/
10. ↑ https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/marijuana
11. ↑ https://mjbizdaily.com/cannabis-requires-more-water-than-commodity-crops-researchers-say/#:~:text=On average, the researchers found,long from June through October.
12. ↑ https://www.politico.com/news/2023/02/06/congress-pots-ill-health-effects-00081178
13. ↑ Jeannette Kidd (1970). Marihuana Tax Act of 1937: Its Causes and Effects. University of Wisconsin--Madison.
14. ↑ https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/395/6/#tab-opinion-1948101
15. ↑ https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/21cfr/21usc/811.htm
16. ↑ Emily Dufton (5 December 2017). Grass Roots: The Rise and Fall and Rise of Marijuana in America. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-09617-6.
17. ↑ "Voters Approve Measure to Use Pot as Medicine", Los Angeles Times, November 6, 1996. Retrieved on February 9, 2018.
18. ↑ State-By-State Medical Marijuana Laws, Marijuana Policy Project, December 2016, https://www.mpp.org/issues/medical-marijuana/state-by-state-medical-marijuana-laws/state-by-state-medical-marijuana-laws-report/
19. ↑ "First-of-its-kind medical marijuana law signed in Utah", RT, March 26, 2014. Retrieved on February 10, 2018.
20. ↑ https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2012/11/07/psychological-impact-legalizing-marijuana.html
21. ↑ https://www.reuters.com/article/us-vermont-marijuana/vermont-senate-passes-bill-to-legalize-marijuana-use-idUSKBN1EZ2KS
22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 "Repeal Prohibition, Again", New York Times, July 26, 2014. Retrieved on July 27, 2014.
23. ↑ Law Enforcement Against Prohibition
24. ↑ http://www.lp.org/issues/lp-oss.shtml
25. ↑ [url=https://www.unodc.org/pdf/convention_1961_en.pdf]
26. ↑ https://www.government.nl/topics/drugs/toleration-policy-regarding-soft-drugs-and-coffee-shops
27. ↑ https://www.osac.gov/Country/Netherlands/Content/Detail/Report/5854ae95-5573-449f-a294-1865caaef8ae
28. ↑ (24 July 2015) The Third Way: A Plea for a Balanced Cannabis Policy. BRILL, 57–. ISBN 978-90-04-29319-9.
29. ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/02/world/europe/cannabis-united-nations-drug-policy.html
30. ↑ Science Daily 6/9/2009
31. ↑ AskMen: Benefits of Marijuana
32. ↑ Psychology Today: Is Marijuana Addictive?
33. ↑ [2]
34. ↑ Neuropsycopharmacology: High-Potency Marijuana Impairs Executive Function and Inhibitory Motor Control
35. ↑ [3] The Cannabis-Psychosis Link
36. ↑ Marijuana legalization debate prompts a new high in Democratic hypocrisy at Fox News
37. ↑ Legalize Marijuana? Be Careful What You Wish For! at Canada Free Press
38. ↑ http://www.theatlanticwire.com/national/2013/04/dzhokhar-tsarnaev-dealing-drugs/64529/
39. ↑ Kincaid, Cliff. "Can Marijuana Fuel Jihad?". (en)
40. ↑ Reitman, Janet. "Jahar: The Making of a Monster", July 17, 2013.
41. ↑ https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2018/02/20/mexican-cartels-switch-gears-after-u-s-states-relax-u-s-states-legalize-marijuana-mexicos-cartels-sw/343389002/
42. ↑ https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Heroin#section=Human-Toxicity-Values
43. ↑ https://inhomelandsecurity.com/mexican-cartels-marijuana-profit
44. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3145326/
45. ↑ Science Daily 4/7/2007
46. ↑ Science Daily 4/17/2007
47. ↑ American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine
48. ↑ National Academies Press: Marijuana and muscle spasticity
49. ↑ Online Library: Treatment of adjuvant arthritis in rats with anti-inflammatory drugs
50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 Interesting Facts: Facts about marijuana
51. ↑ National Eye Institue: Glaucoma and Marijuana use
52. ↑ Schatman, Michael (September 6, 2013). Medical Marijuana: The Imperative of Educating Physicians.
53. ↑ The Bulletin of Cannabis Reform.
54. ↑ Calhoun, S. R.; Galloway, G. P.; Smith, D. E. (1998-04-01). "Abuse potential of dronabinol (Marinol)". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 30 (2): 187–196. doi:10.1080/02791072.1998.10399689. ISSN 0279-1072. PMID 9692381. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=9692381.
55. ↑ Proposed Rules - 1998 - Schedules of Controlled Substances: Rescheduling of Synthetic Dronabinol (Martinol®; (-)-Δ9-(trans)-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Sesame oil and Encapsulated in Soft Gelatin Capsules) From Schedule II to Schedule III. (en-US).
56. ↑ https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/cannabidiol-cbd-what-we-know-and-what-we-dont-2018082414476
57. ↑ https://www.forbes.com/sites/andrewdepietro/2018/05/04/how-much-money-states-make-cannabis-sales/#19f8144af181
58. ↑ https://wjla.com/news/nation-world/colorado-made-1b-in-marijuana-tax-revenue-what-could-this-mean-for-federal-legalization
59. ↑ https://www.forbes.com/sites/niallmccarthy/2019/03/26/which-states-made-the-most-tax-revenue-from-marijuana-in-2018-infographic/#6f3f0bc17085
60. ↑ Boing Boing: Carl Sagan Spaced Out
61. ↑ Constitutional FAQ Answer #145 - U.S. Constitution Online
62. ↑ The President and the Cabinet: George Washington the Man
63. ↑ [4]
64. ↑ https://ministryofhemp.com/blog/hemp-for-victory-disappear