African coral reefs

Short description: Coral reefs in Africa

Chumbe Island coral park, Zanzibar File:Malindi Marine National Park.ogvUnderwater video of coral reefs in Malindi Marine National Park, Kenya

African coral reefs are the coral reefs which are present in Africa. Most are found along the eastern and southern coasts of Africa. The east coast corals extend from the Red Sea to Madagascar in the south, and are an important resource for the fishersmen of Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique and Madagascar. Some cold-water reefs are also found along the northwestern part of Africa, i.e. near the Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands[1][2] and Cape Verde[3][4]

## Contents

* 1 Western African reefs
* 2 Eastern and Southern African reefs
* 3 See also
* 4 References

## Western African reefs

In some of the western African reefs (Azores, Canary Islands, Madeira) there is a trawling ban in place (initially set by EU's Regulation (EC) No 2287/2003[5]

## Eastern and Southern African reefs

As with coral reefs elsewhere, African coral reefs are more biologically diverse than the surrounding ocean,[6] and support species such as the mantis shrimp, potato grouper, humphead wrasse and maxima clam, as well as many seaweeds and corals.

On the east coast, temperatures average about 26 °C (79 °F) over the year. The average rainfall is highest between January and April, at about 300 millimetres (12 in), and lowest during August to November, at about 100 millimetres (3.9 in).

There are multiple threats to the reefs, such a tourist diving and damaging the corals, or taking samples. Then there are industrial run-offs and pollutants, untreated sewage and the increasing sediment flows in rivers that threaten all of the coastal ecosystems. The reef is also threatened by climate change. Due to global warming, the sea surface temperature increases and in 1997/98 a particularly severe 'El Nino' killed 90 percent of corals on the reef. The CORDIO (COral Reef Degradation in the Indian Ocean) NGO have set up an East African task force to monitor the reef's management.[7]

## See also

* List of reefs
* East African coral coast

## References

1. ↑ "Discover a special coral of Tenerife: the black coral" (in en-GB). 2017-09-25. http://blog.divingatlantis-tenerife.com/en/black-coral/.
2. ↑ "the Cold-water coral, deep-sea coral and deep-water coral resource - Azores, Madeira and Canary Islands". https://www.lophelia.org/conservation/current-status/azores-madeira-and-canary-islands.
3. ↑ "West Africa, Marine" (in en). https://wwf.panda.org/discover/knowledge_hub/where_we_work/west_africa_marine.
4. ↑ Admin; Rowlett, Joe (2016-03-04). "Three New Species of Azoox Coral from West African Coral Reefs" (in en-US). https://reefs.com/three-new-species-azoox-coral-west-african-coral-reefs/.
5. ↑ Document 02003R2287-20041109
6. ↑ Van Dyke, F; Conservation biology: foundations, concepts, applications, Springer 2008, p 354
7. ↑ Wilkinson, C; Status of coral reefs around the world, 2002, Australian Institute of Marine Science 2002, p 11

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Corals and coral reefs

Stony corals|

* Blue
* Brain
* Elegance
* Elkhorn
* Hermatypic
* Chalice
* Pillar
* Staghorn
* Table

Soft corals|

* Bamboo
* Black
* Organ pipe
* Sea fans
* Sea pens

Coral reefs|

* Atoll
* Cay
* Coral
* Fringing
* Microatoll
* Coral reef fish
* Census of Coral Reefs
* The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs
* Catlin Seaview Survey
* Spur and groove formation

Coral regions|

* List of reefs
* Deep-water coral
* African coral reefs
* Amazon Reef
* Andros, Bahamas
* Belize Barrier Reef
* Coral Sea Islands
* Coral Triangle
* Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
* Great Barrier Reef
* Maldives
* Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System
* New Caledonia barrier reef
* Pulley Ridge
* Raja Ampat Islands
* Red Sea
* Southeast Asian coral reefs

Coral diseases|

* Coral bleaching
* Black band disease
* Skeletal eroding band
* Stony coral tissue loss disease
* White band disease
* White pox disease

Protection|

* Coral Reef Alliance
* Coral reef protection
* Green Fins
* International Coral Reef Society
* Project AWARE
* Reef Check
* Reef Ball

Symbiotic algae|

* Zooxanthellae
* Amphidinium
* Symbiodinium

Other|

* Artificial reef
* Aquaculture of coral
* Coral dermatitis
* Precious coral
* Coral in non-tropical regions
* Coral rag
* Coral reef organizations
* Coral sand
* Coralline algae
* Environmental issues with coral reefs
* Fire coral
* Reef resilience
* Rugosa (extinct)
* Tabulata

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