Comparison of audio network protocols

Short description: None

The following is a comparison of audio over Ethernet and audio over IP audio network protocols and systems.

Audio network technology matrix[1] Tech­nol­o­gy  | De­vel­op­ment date  | Trans­port  | Trans­mis­sion scheme  | Mixed use net­work­ing  | Control com­mu­ni­ca­tions  | To­pol­o­gy  | Fault tol­er­ance  | Distance  | Diameter  | Network capacity  | La­ten­cy  | Max­i­mum avail­a­ble sam­pling rate

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AES47 | 2002[2] | ATM | Isochronous  | Coexists with ATM  | Any IP or ATM protocol, IEC 62379 | Mesh  | Provided by ATM  | Cat5=100 m, MM=2 km, SM=70 km  | Unlimited  | Unlimited  | 125 μs per hop  | 192 kHz
AES50 |  | Ethernet physical layer[lower-alpha 1] | Isochronous or synchronous  | dedicated Cat5  | 5 Mbit/s Ethernet  | Point-to-point  | FEC, redundant link  | Cat5=100 m  | Unlimited  | 48 channels  | 63 μs  | 384 kHz and DSD
AES67 | 2013-09[3] | Any IP medium  | Isochronous  | Coexists with other traffic using DiffServ QoS  | IP, SIP  | Any L2 or IP network  | Provided by IP  | Medium dependent  | Unlimited  | Unlimited  | 4, 1, ​1⁄3, ​1⁄4 and ​1⁄8 ms packet times[lower-alpha 2] | 96 kHz
AudioRail[lower-alpha 3] |  | Ethernet physical layer | Synchronous  | Cat5 or fiber  | Proprietary  | Daisy chain  | None  | Cat5=100 m, MM=2 km, SM=70 km  | Unlimited  | 32 channels  | 4.5 μs + 0.25 μs per hop  | 48 kHz (32 channels), 96 kHz (16 channels)
AVB (using IEEE 1722 transport)  | 2011-09  | Enhanced Ethernet  | Isochronous  | Coexists with other traffic using IEEE 802.1p QoS and admission control | IEEE 1722.1  | Spanning tree | Provided by IEEE 802.1 | Cat5=100 m, MM=2 km, SM=70 km  | Dependent on latency class and network speed​[citation needed] | Dependent on latency class and network speed​[citation needed] | 2 ms or less  | 192 kHz
Aviom Pro64  |  | Ethernet physical layer | Synchronous  | Dedicated Cat5 and fiber  | Proprietary  | Daisy chain (bi­di­rec­tion­al)  | Redundant links  | Cat5e=120 m, MM=2 km, SM=70 km  | 9520 km[lower-alpha 4] | 64 channels  | 322 μs + 1.34 μs per hop  | 208 kHz[lower-alpha 5]
CobraNet | 1996  | Ethernet data link layer | Isochronous  | coexists with Ethernet  | Ethernet, SNMP, MIDI  | Spanning tree | Provided by IEEE 802.1[lower-alpha 6] | Cat5=100 m, MM=2 km, SM=70 km  | 7 hops, 10 km[lower-alpha 7] | Unlimited  | ​1 1⁄3, ​2 2⁄3 and ​5 1⁄3 ms  | 96 kHz
Dante | 2006  | Any IP medium  | Isochronous  | Coexists with other traffic using DiffServ QoS  | Proprietary Control Protocol based on IP, Bonjour | Any L2 or single IP subnet  | Provided by IEEE 802.1 and redundant link  | Cat5=100 m, MM=2 km, SM=70 km  | Dependent on latency  | Unlimited  | 84 μs or greater[lower-alpha 8] | 192 kHz
EtherSound ES-100 | 2001  | Ethernet data link layer | Isochronous  | Dedicated Ethernet  | Proprietary  | Star, daisy chain, ring | Fault tolerant ring  | Cat5=140 m, MM=2 km, SM=70 km  | Unlimited  | 64[lower-alpha 9] | 84–125 μs + 1.4 μs/node  | 96 kHz
EtherSound ES-Giga |  | Ethernet data-link layer  | Isochronous  | Coexists with Ethernet  | Proprietary  | Star, Daisy chain, ring | Fault tolerant ring  | Cat5=140 m, MM=600 m, SM=70 km  | Unlimited  | 512[lower-alpha 10] | 84–125 μs + 0.5 μs/node  | 96 kHz
Gibson MaGIC | 1999-09-18[5] | Ethernet data-link layer  | Isochronous  |  | Proprietary, MIDI | Star, Daisy chain  |  | Cat5=100 m  | 32 channels  |  | 290 μs or less[6] | 192 kHz
HyperMAC  |  | Gigabit Ethernet | Isochronous  | Dedicated Cat5, Cat6, or fiber  | 100 Mbit/s+ Ethernet  | Point-to-point  | Redundant link  | Cat6=100 m, MM=500 m, SM=10 km  | Unlimited  | 384+ channels  | 63 μs  | 384 kHz and DSD
Livewire | 2003  | Any IP medium  | Isochronous  | Coexists with Ethernet  | Ethernet, HTTP, XML  | Any L2 or IP network  | Provided by IEEE 802.1[lower-alpha 11] | Cat5=100 m, MM=2 km, SM=70 km  | Unlimited  | 32760 channels  | 0.75 ms  | 48 kHz
Milan  | 2018  | Ethernet  | Isochronous  | Coexist with other protocols in converged networks  | IEEE 1722.1  | Star, Daisy chain  | Redundant links  | Cat5=100 m, MM=2 km, SM=70 km  | Dependent on latency class and network speed​[citation needed] | Unlimited  | 2 ms or less  | 192 kHz
mLAN | 2000-01[7] | IEEE 1394 | Isochronous  | Coexists with IEEE 1394  | IEEE 1394, MIDI  | Tree  | Provided by IEEE 1394b  | IEEE 1394 cable (2 power, 4 signal): 4.5 m  | 100 m  | 63 devices (800 Mbit/s)  | 354.17 μs  | 192 kHz[lower-alpha 12]
Optocore[lower-alpha 13] |  | Dedicated fiber  | Synchronous  | Dedicated Cat5/fiber  | Proprietary  | Ring | Redundant ring  | MM=700 m, SM=110 km  | Unlimited  | 1008

channels at 48 kHz

| 41.6 μs[8] | 96 kHz
Q-LAN | 2009  | IP over Gigabit Ethernet | Isochronous  | Coexists with other traffic using DiffServ QoS  | IP, HTTP, XML  | Any L2 or IP network  | IEEE 802.1, redundant link, IP routing  | Cat5=100 m, MM=550 m, SM=10 km  | 7 hops or 35 km  | Unlimited  | 1 ms  | 48 kHz
RAVENNA | 2010  | Any IP medium  | Isochronous  | Coexists with other traffic using DiffServ QoS  | IP, RTSP, Bonjour  | Any L2 or IP network  | Provided by IP and redundant link  | Medium dependent  | Unlimited  | Unlimited  | variable[lower-alpha 14] | 384 kHz and DSD
Riedel Rocknet  |  | Ethernet physical layer | Isochronous  | Dedicated Cat5/fiber  | Proprietary  | Ring | Redundant ring  | Cat5e=150 m, MM=2 km, SM=20 km  | 10 km max, 99 devices  | 160 channels (48 kHz/24-bit)[9] | 400 μs at 48 kHz  | 96 kHz
SoundGrid |  | Ethernet data link layer  | Isochronous  | Dedicated Ethernet  | Proprietary  | Star, daisy chain  | Device redundancy  | Cat5/Cat5e/Cat6/Cat7 =100m,
MM=2km,
SM=70km  | 3 hops  | Unlimited  | 166 μs or greater  | 96kHz
Symetrix SymLink  |  | Ethernet physical layer | Synchronous  | Dedicated Ethernet  | Proprietary  | Ring | None  | Cat5=10 m  | 16 devices  | 64 channels  | 83 μs per hop  | 48 kHz
UMAN  |  | IEEE 1394 and Ethernet AVB[lower-alpha 15] | Isochronous and asynchronous  | Coexists with Ethernet  | IP-based XFN  | Daisy chain in ring, tree, or star (with hubs)  | fault tolerant ring, device redundancy  | Cat5e=50 m, Cat6=75 m, MM=1 km, SM=>2 km  | Unlimited  | 400 channels (48 kHz/24 bit)[lower-alpha 16] | 354 μs + 125 μs per hop[lower-alpha 17] | 192 kHz

## Notes

1. ↑ Ethernet transport is combined with a proprietary audio clock transport. AES50 and HyperMAC are point-to-point audio connections, but they bridge a limited bandwidth of regular Ethernet for the purpose of control communications. An AES50/HyperMAC router contains a crosspoint matrix (or similar) for audio routing, and an Ethernet switch for control routing. The system topology may therefore follow any valid Ethernet topology, but the audio routers need a priori knowledge of the topology. While there are no limits to the number of AES50 routing devices that can be interconnected, each hop adds another link's worth of latency, and each router device needs to be controlled individually.
2. ↑ AES67 devices are required to implement the 1 ms packet time. Minimum theoretical latency is two times packet time. Typical implementations achieve latencies of three times the packet time.
3. ↑ Technology retired February 2014[4]
4. ↑ The network diameter figure is the largest conceivable network using fiber and 138 Pro64 merger units; derived from maximum allowed response time between control master and furthest slave device.
5. ↑ Pro64 supports a wide variation range from the nominal sample rate values (e.g., 158.8 kHz - 208 kHz).
6. ↑ Network redundancy is provided by 802.1 Ethernet: STP, Link aggregation; redundant network connections (DualLink) and redundant devices (BuddyLink) are supported.
7. ↑ Indicated diameter is for ​5 1⁄3 ms latency mode. CobraNet has more stringent design rules for its lower latency modes. Requirements are documented in terms of maximum delay and delay variation. A downloadable CAD tool can be used to validate a network design for a given operating mode.
8. ↑ The 84 μs latency value is based on 4 audio samples with this configuration. Note that latency is dependent on topology and bandwidth constraints of the underlying hardware, for example, 800 μs on a 100 Mbit/s Dolby Lake Processor.
9. ↑ EtherSound allows channels to be dropped and added at each node along the daisy-chain or ring. Although the number of channels between any two locations is limited to 64, depending on routing requirements, the total number of channels on the network may be significantly higher.
10. ↑ EtherSound allows channels to be dropped and added at each node along the daisy-chain or ring. Although the number of channels between any two locations is limited to 512, depending on routing requirements, the total number of channels on the network may be significantly higher.
11. ↑ Network redundancy is provided by 802.1 Ethernet: STP, Link aggregation.
12. ↑ Many mLAN devices have a maximum sampling rate of 96 kHz, but this is a constraint of the stream extraction chips used rather than the core mLAN technology.
13. ↑ These entries refer to the classic fiber-based Optocore system; no information has yet been obtained regarding the Cat5e version. Confirmation is being sought for the figure of 110 km max distance.
14. ↑ Latency depends on frame size (packet time), network topology and chosen link offset, with. min. frame size = 1 sample.
15. ↑ Transport is listed for media streaming and control. Ethernet is also for control.
16. ↑ UMAN also supports up to 25 channels of H.264 video.
17. ↑ Base latency measurement is provided for up to 16 daisy-chained devices.

## References

1. ↑ "Best Practices in Network Audio". Audio Engineering Society. 2009. http://www.aes.org/technical/documents/AESTD1003V1.pdf. Retrieved 2014-11-13.
2. ↑ AES47-2006 (r2011): AES standard for digital audio - Digital input-output interfacing - Transmission of digital audio over asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks, Audio Engineering Society, http://www.aes.org/publications/standards/search.cfm?docID=42
3. ↑ AES67-2013: AES standard for audio applications of networks - High-performance streaming audio-over-IP interoperability, Audio Engineering Society, 2013-09-11, http://www.aes.org/publications/standards/search.cfm?docID=96, retrieved 2018-04-15
4. ↑ "AudioRail product line retired (February, 2014)". http://www.audiorail.com/. Retrieved 2015-12-13.
5. ↑ "Media-accelerated Global Information Carrier". Archived from the original on 2010-05-14. https://web.archive.org/web/20100514202554/http://www.gibson.com/en-us/Divisions/Audio/MaGIC/SPECIFICATIONS/.
6. ↑ Media-accelerated Global Information Carrier Engineering Specification Revision 3.0c, archived from the original on 2016-03-04, https://web.archive.org/web/20160304224230/http://archive.gibson.com/files/_audio/magic/magic3_0c.pdf
7. ↑ Yamaha Utilizes "Firewire" for Audio and MIDI: Reduces Need For Cables, Harmony Central, archived from the original. Error: If you specify `|archiveurl=`, you must also specify `|archivedate=`, https://web.archive.org/web/20060108163616/http://aes.harmony-central.com/Newp/2000/mLAN.html
8. ↑ "Optocore connects everything". http://www.optocore.com/index.php/solutions/optocore-platform. Retrieved 2015-12-13.
9. ↑ "ROCKNET – Digital Audio Network". http://www.riedel.net/en-us/products/signaltransportprocessing/rocknetdigitalaudionetwork/about.aspx. Retrieved 2015-12-13.

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