Comparison of wireless data standards

A wide variety of different wireless data technologies exist, some in direct competition with one another, others designed for specific applications. Wireless technologies can be evaluated by a variety of different metrics of which some are described in this entry. Standards can be grouped as follows in increasing range order:

Personal area network (PAN) systems are intended for short range communication between devices typically controlled by a single person. Some examples include wireless headsets for mobile phones or wireless heart rate sensors communicating with a wrist watch. Some of these technologies include standards such as ANT UWB, Bluetooth, Zigbee, and Wireless USB.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN / WSAN) are, generically, networks of low-power, low-cost devices that interconnect wirelessly to collect, exchange, and sometimes act-on data collected from their physical environments - "sensor networks". Nodes typically connect in a star or mesh topology. While most individual nodes in a WSAN are expected to have limited range (Bluetooth, Zigbee, 6LoWPAN, etc.), particular nodes may be capable of more expansive communications (Wi-Fi, Cellular networks, etc.) and any individual WSAN can span a wide geographical range. An example of a WSAN would be a collection of sensors arranged throughout an agricultural facility to monitor soil moisture levels, report the data back to a computer in the main office for analysis and trend modeling, and maybe turn on automatic watering spigots if the level is too low.

For wider area communications, wireless local area network (WLAN) is used. WLANs are often known by their commercial product name Wi-Fi. These systems are used to provide wireless access to other systems on the local network such as other computers, shared printers, and other such devices or even the internet. Typically a WLAN offers much better speeds and delays within the local network than an average consumer's Internet access. Older systems that provide WLAN functionality include DECT and HIPERLAN. These however are no longer in widespread use. One typical characteristic of WLANs is that they are mostly very local, without the capability of seamless movement from one network to another.

Cellular networks or WAN are designed for citywide/national/global coverage areas and seamless mobility from one access point (often defined as a base station) to another allowing seamless coverage for very wide areas. Cellular network technologies are often split into 2nd generation 2G, 3G and 4G networks. Originally 2G networks were voice centric or even voice only digital cellular systems (as opposed to the analog 1G networks). Typical 2G standards include GSM and IS-95 with extensions via GPRS, EDGE and 1xRTT, providing Internet access to users of originally voice centric 2G networks. Both EDGE and 1xRTT are 3G standards, as defined by the ITU, but are usually marketed as 2.9G due to their comparatively low speeds and high delays when compared to true 3G technologies.

True 3G systems such as EV-DO, W-CDMA (including HSPA and HSPA+) provide combined circuit switched and packet switched data and voice services from the outset, usually at far better data rates than 2G networks with their extensions. All of these services can be used to provide combined mobile voice access and Internet access at remote locations.

4G networks provide even higher bitrates and many architectural improvements, which are not necessarily visible to the consumer. The current 4G systems that are deployed widely are WIMAX and LTE. The two are pure packet based networks without traditional voice circuit capabilities. These networks provide voice services via VoIP or VoLTE.

Some systems are designed for point-to-point line-of-sight communications, once two such nodes get too far apart they can no longer communicate. Other systems are designed to form a wireless mesh network using one of a variety of routing protocols. In a mesh network, when nodes get too far apart to communicate directly, they can still communicate indirectly through intermediate nodes.

## Contents

* 1 Standards
* 1.1 Wireless wide area network (WWAN)
* 1.2 Wireless local area network (WLAN)
* 1.3 Wireless personal area network (WPAN) and most wireless sensor actor networks (WSAN)
* 2 Overview
* 3 Peak bit rate and throughput
* 4 Typical spectral use
* 4.1 Frequency
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 7 External links

## Standards

The following standards are included in this comparison.

### Wireless wide area network (WWAN)

* EDGE
* EV-DO x1 Rev 0, Rev A, Rev B and x3 standards.
* Flash-OFDM: FLASH (Fast Low-latency Access with Seamless Handoff)-OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)
* GPRS
* HSPA D and U standards.
* Lorawan
* LTE
* RTT
* UMTS over W-CDMA
* UMTS-TDD
* WiMAX: 802.16 standard
* Narrowband IoT
* NR

### Wireless local area network (WLAN)

* Wi-Fi: 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax standards.

### Wireless personal area network (WPAN) and most wireless sensor actor networks (WSAN)

* 6LoWPAN
* Bluetooth V4.0 with standard protocol and with low energy protocol
* IEEE 802.15.4-2006 (low-level protocol definitions corresponding to the OSI model physical and link layers. Zigbee, 6LoWPAN, etc. build upward in the protocol stack and correspond to the network and transport layers.)
* Thread (network protocol)
* UWB
* Wireless USB
* Zigbee
* ANT+
* MiraOS a wireless mesh network from LumenRadio

## Overview

## Peak bit rate and throughput

When discussing throughput, there is often a distinction between the peak data rate of the physical layer, the theoretical maximum data throughput and typical throughput.

The peak bit rate of the standard is the net bit rate provided by the physical layer in the fastest transmission mode (using the fastest modulation scheme and error code), excluding forward error correction coding and other physical layer overhead.

The theoretical maximum throughput for end user is clearly lower than the peak data rate due to higher layer overheads. Even this is never possible to achieve unless the test is done under perfect laboratory conditions.

The typical throughput is what users have experienced most of the time when well within the usable range to the base station. The typical throughput is hard to measure, and depends on many protocol issues such as transmission schemes (slower schemes are used at longer distance from the access point due to better redundancy), packet retransmissions and packet size. The typical throughput is often even lower because of other traffic sharing the same network or cell, interference or even the fixed line capacity from the base station onwards being limited.

Note that these figures cannot be used to predict the performance of any given standard in any given environment, but rather as benchmarks against which actual experience might be compared.

Bit rate (Mbit/s)  Standard | Peak Downlink | Peak Uplink | Approximate Maximum Range in Meters | Typical Downlink throughput

|
|
|
|

CDMA2000 1xRTT | 0.3072 | 0.1536 | 29000 | 0.125
CDMA2000 EV-DO Rev. 0 | 2.4580 | 0.1536 | 29000 | 1[citation needed]
CDMA2000 EV-DO Rev. A | 3.1 | 1.8 | 29000 | 2[citation needed]
CDMA2000 EV-DO Rev. B | 4.9 | 1.8 | 29000 |
GSM GPRS Class 10 | 0.0856 | 0.0428 | 26000 | 0.014[citation needed]
GSM EDGE type 2 | 0.4736 | 0.4736 | 26000 | 0.034[citation needed]
GSM Evolved EDGE | 1.8944 | 0.9472 | 26000 |
UMTS W-CDMA R99 | 0.3840 | 0.3840 | 29000 | 0.195[citation needed]
UMTS W-CDMA HSDPA | 14.4 | 0.3840 | 200000[1] | 2[citation needed]
UMTS W-CDMA HSUPA | 14.4 | 5.76 | 200000[1] |
UMTS W-CDMA HSPA+ | 168 | 22 | 200000[1] |
UMTS-TDD | 16[2] | 16 |  |
LTE | 326.4 | 86.4 |  |
iBurst: iBurst | 24 | 8 | 12000 | >2
Flash-OFDM: Flash-OFDM | 5.3 | 1.8 | 29000 | avg 2.5[citation needed]
WiMAX: 802.16e | 70 | 70 | 6400 | >10[citation needed]
WiFi: 802.11a | 54 | 54 | 30 | 20
WiFi: 802.11b | 11 | 11 | 30 | 5[citation needed]
WiFi: 802.11g | 54 | 54 | 30 | 20[citation needed]
WiFi: 802.11n | 600 | 600 | 50 |
WiFi: 802.11ac | 1,300 | 1,300 | 50  |
WiFi: 802.11ad | 7,000 | 7,000 | 3.3 |
WiFi: 802.11ax | 10,000 | 10,000 |  |

* Downlink is the throughput from the base station to the user handset or computer.
* Uplink is the throughput from the user handset or computer to the base station.
* Range is the maximum range possible to receive data at 25% of the typical rate.

## Typical spectral use

### Frequency

Allocated frequencies  Standard | Frequencies | Spectrum Type

|
|

UMTS FDD  | 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 2.0, 1.9/2.1, 2.1, and 1.7/2.1 GHz | Licensed
UMTS-TDD  | 450, 850 MHz, 1.9, 2, 2.5, and 3.5 GHz[3]
2 GHz | Licensed (Cellular, 3G TDD, BRS/IMT-ext, FWA)
Unlicensed (see note)
CDMA2000 (inc. EV-DO, 1xRTT)  | 450, 850, 900 MHz 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, and 2.1 GHz | Licensed (Cellular/PCS/3G/AWS)
EDGE/GPRS  | 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1.8 GHz, and 1.9 GHz | Licensed (Cellular/PCS/PCN)
iBurst  | 1.8, 1.9, and 2.1 GHz | Licensed
Flash-OFDM  | 450 and 870 MHz | Licensed
Bluetooth/BLE  | 2.4 GHz | Unlicensed ISM
Low Rate WPAN (802.15.4)  | 868 MHz, 915 MHz, 2.4 GHz | Unlicensed ISM
802.11  | 2.4, 3.6, 4.9, 5.0, 5.2, 5.6, 5.8, 5.9 and 60 GHz[4] | Unlicensed ISM
WiMax (802.16e)  | 2.3, 2.5, 3.5, 3.7, and 5.8 GHz | Licensed
Wireless USB, UWB  | 3.1 to 10.6 GHz | Unlicensed Ultrawideband
VEmesh*  | 868 MHz, 915 MHz, and 953 MHz | Unlicensed ISM
EnOcean*  | 868.3 MHz | Unlicensed ISM

## See also

* Comparison of mobile phone standards
* List of device bandwidths
* OFDM system comparison table
* Spectral efficiency comparison table
* NFC (Near field communication)
* RFID (Radio-frequency identification)
* CIR (Consumer Infrared)

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Ericsson, Telstra Achieve World's First 200km Cell Range Mobile Broadband Coverage". www.physorg.com.
2. ↑ "IPWireless". http://www.ipwireless.com/technology/.
3. ↑ "UMTS-TDD developer's frequency notes". http://www.ipwireless.com/technology/frequency.html.
4. ↑ IEEE 802.11, List of WLAN channels

## External links

* Mobile WiMAX - Part I: A Technical Overview and Performance Evaluation
* Mobile WiMAX – Part II: A Comparative Analysis
* A Comparison of Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11
* WLAN Trainer at different speeds
* IEEE 802.11 Standard Overview

* v
* t
* e

Cellular network standards

List of mobile phone generations

0G radio telephones (1946)|

* MTS
* IMTS
* Altai
* OLT
* MTA - MTB - MTC - MTD
* AMTS
* Autotel (PALM)
* ARP
* B-Netz
* AMR

1G (1979)|

| AMPS family|

* AMPS - N-AMPS
* TACS - ETACS

|

Other|

* NMT
* C-450
* Hicap
* Mobitex
* DataTAC

2G (1991)|

| GSM/3GPP family|

* GSM
* CSD - HSCSD

|

3GPP2 family|

* cdmaOne (IS-95)

AMPS family|

* D-AMPS (IS-54 and IS-136)

Other|

* CDPD
* iDEN
* PDC
* PHS

2G transitional
(2.5G, 2.75G)|

| GSM/3GPP family|

* GPRS
* EDGE/EGPRS - Evolved EDGE

|

3GPP2 family|

* CDMA2000 1X (TIA/EIA/IS-2000)
* CDMA2000 1X Advanced

Other|

* WiDEN
* DECT

3G (2001)|

| 3GPP family|

* UMTS
* UTRA-FDD / W-CDMA
* FOMA
* UTRA-TDD LCR / TD-SCDMA
* UTRA-TDD HCR / TD-CDMA

|

3GPP2 family|

* CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Release 0 (TIA/IS-856)

3G transitional
(3.5G, 3.75G, 3.9G)|

| 3GPP family|

* HSPA
* HSDPA
* HSUPA
* HSPA+
* DC-HSDPA
* LTE (E-UTRA)

|

3GPP2 family|

* CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Revision A (TIA/EIA/IS-856-A)
* EV-DO Revision B (TIA/EIA/IS-856-B)
* EV-DO Revision C

IEEE family|

* Mobile WiMAX
* IEEE 802.16e
* Flash-OFDM
* iBurst (IEEE 802.20)
* WiBro

ETSI family|

* HiperMAN

4G (2009)
IMT Advanced (2013)|

| 3GPP family|

* LTE Advanced (E-UTRA)
* LTE Advanced Pro (4.5G Pro/pre-5G/4.9G)

|

IEEE family|

* WiMAX (IEEE 802.16m)
* WiMax 2.1 (LTE-TDD / TD-LTE)
* WiBro

5G (2019)
IMT-2020 (under development)|

| 3GPP family|

* NR
* NR-IIoT
* LTE-M
* NB-IoT

|

Other|

* DECT-5G

Related articles|

* Cellular networks
* Mobile telephony
* History
* Comparison of standards
* Channel access methods
* FDMA
* OFDMA
* TDMA
* STDMA
* SSMA
* CDMA
* SDMA
* Spectral efficiency comparison table
* Frequency bands
* GSM
* UMTS
* PCS
* LTE
* 5G NR
* Mobile broadband
* NGMN Alliance
* Push-to-talk
* MIMO
* VoLTE
* Wi-Fi calling

* v
* t
* e

Telecommunications

History|

* Beacon
* Broadcasting
* Cable protection system
* Cable TV
* Communications satellite
* Computer network
* Data compression
* audio
* DCT
* image
* video
* Digital media
* Internet video
* online video platform
* social media
* streaming
* Drums
* Edholm's law
* Electrical telegraph
* Fax
* Heliographs
* Hydraulic telegraph
* Information Age
* Information revolution
* Internet
* Mass media
* Mobile phone
* Smartphone
* Optical telecommunication
* Optical telegraphy
* Pager
* Photophone
* Prepaid mobile phone
* Radio
* Radiotelephone
* Satellite communications
* Semaphore
* Semiconductor
* device
* MOSFET
* transistor
* Smoke signals
* Telecommunications history
* Telautograph
* Telegraphy
* Teleprinter (teletype)
* Telephone
* The Telephone Cases
* Television
* digital
* streaming
* Undersea telegraph line
* Videotelephony
* Whistled language
* Wireless revolution

Pioneers|

* Nasir Ahmed
* Edwin Howard Armstrong
* Mohamed M. Atalla
* John Logie Baird
* Paul Baran
* John Bardeen
* Alexander Graham Bell
* Tim Berners-Lee
* Jagadish Chandra Bose
* Walter Houser Brattain
* Vint Cerf
* Claude Chappe
* Yogen Dalal
* Donald Davies
* Lee de Forest
* Philo Farnsworth
* Reginald Fessenden
* Elisha Gray
* Oliver Heaviside
* Erna Schneider Hoover
* Harold Hopkins
* Internet pioneers
* Bob Kahn
* Dawon Kahng
* Charles K. Kao
* Narinder Singh Kapany
* Hedy Lamarr
* Innocenzo Manzetti
* Guglielmo Marconi
* Robert Metcalfe
* Antonio Meucci
* Jun-ichi Nishizawa
* Radia Perlman
* Alexander Stepanovich Popov
* Johann Philipp Reis
* Claude Shannon
* Henry Sutton
* Nikola Tesla
* Camille Tissot
* Alfred Vail
* Charles Wheatstone
* Vladimir K. Zworykin

Transmission
media|

* Coaxial cable
* Fiber-optic communication
* optical fiber
* Free-space optical communication
* Molecular communication
* Radio waves
* wireless
* Transmission line
* data transmission circuit
* telecommunication circuit

Network topology
and switching|

* Bandwidth
* Links
* Nodes
* terminal
* Network switching (circuit
* packet)
* Telephone exchange

Multiplexing|

* Space-division
* Frequency-division
* Time-division
* Polarization-division
* Orbital angular-momentum
* Code-division

Networks|

* ARPANET
* BITNET
* Cellular network
* Computer
* CYCLADES
* Ethernet
* FidoNet
* Internet
* Internet2
* ISDN
* LAN
* Mobile
* NGN
* NPL network
* Public Switched Telephone
* Radio
* Telecommunications equipment
* Television
* Telex
* WAN
* Wireless network
* World Wide Web

* Category
* Outline
* Portal
* Commons

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