List of extraterrestrial orbiters

Short description: None

This list of extraterrestrial orbiters is a listing of spacecraft that achieved an extraterrestrial orbit.

## Contents

* 1 Legend
* 2 Sun
* 3 Mercury
* 4 Venus
* 5 Moon
* 6 Mars
* 7 Jupiter
* 8 Saturn
* 9 Minor planets and comets
* 10 References
* 11 See also

## Legend

Color legend for orbital status

| Departed
| Unclear
| Inactive
| Operational

## Sun

First artificial object on heliocentric orbit was Luna 1 (1959).

## Mercury

Mission  | Country/agency  | Orbital insertion  | Current status  | Notes

|
|
|
|

MESSENGER |  USA  | 18 March 2011  | Deliberately crashed into surface 30 April 2015. Impact probably around 54.4° N, 149.9° W, near the crater Janáček.  | First Mercury orbiter

## Venus

Mission  | Country/agency  | Orbital insertion  | Current status  | Notes

|
|
|
|

Venera 9 |  USSR  | 22 October 1975  | Mission terminated on March 22, 1976  | First Venus orbiter
Venera 10 |  USSR  | 23 October 1975  | Contact lost sometime in June 1976  |
Pioneer Venus Orbiter |  USA  | 4 December 1978  | Contact lost 8 October 1992; Atmospheric entry disintegration on 22 October 1992.  |
Venera 15 |  USSR  | 10 October 1983  | Contact lost January 5, 1985  |
Venera 16 |  USSR  | 11 October 1983  | Contact lost June 13, 1984  |
Magellan |  USA  | 7 August 1990  | Contact lost 13 October 1994. Deliberately deorbited into Venus' atmosphere.  |
Venus Express |  ESA | 11 April 2006  | Contact lost 16 December 2014: Atmospheric entry disintegration in January 2015  |
Akatsuki |  Japan  | 7 December 2015  | Active  |

## Moon

The Apollo 17 Command Module America seen in lunar orbit from the ascent stage of the Lunar Module

Mission  | Country/agency  | Orbital insertion  | Current status  | Notes

|
|
|
|

Luna 10[1] |  USSR  | 3 April 1966  | Contact lost 30 May 1966, probably decayed the same year  | First extraterrestrial and Moon orbiter
Lunar Orbiter 1 |  USA  | 14 August 1966  | Impacted lunar surface 29 October 1966  | First United States of America extraterrestrial orbiter
Luna 11[2] |  USSR  | 27 August 1966  | Contact lost 1 October 1966, probably decayed the same or following year  |
Luna 12 |  USSR  | 25 October 1966  | Contact lost 19 January 1967, probably decayed the same year  |
Lunar Orbiter 2 |  USA  | Launched 6 November 1966  | Impacted lunar surface 11 October 1967  |
Lunar Orbiter 3 |  USA  | 8 February 1967  | Impacted lunar surface 9 October 1967  |
Lunar Orbiter 4 |  USA  | Launched 4 May 1967  | Contact lost 17 July 1967, impacted lunar surface 6 October 1967  |
Explorer 35 |  USA  | Launched 19 July 1967  | Deactivated 24 June 1973; impacted lunar surface in the middle to late 1970s  |
Lunar Orbiter 5 |  USA  | 5 August 1967  | Deorbited; impacted lunar surface 31 January 1968  |
Luna 14 |  USSR  | 10 April 1968  | Mission terminated 24 June 1968, its orbit probably decayed  |
Luna 19 |  USSR  | 2 October 1971  | Mission terminated 20 October 1972 and contact lost on 1 November 1972, probably decayed the following year  |
Explorer 49 |  USA  | Launched 10 June 1973  | Contact lost August 1977, its orbit probably decayed  |
Luna 22 |  USSR  | 2 June 1974  | Mission terminated November 1975, its orbit probably decayed in 1976  |
Apollo 8 |  USA  | Launched 21 December 1968; entered orbit after 69 hrs  | Left orbit after 10 orbits; splashdown on Earth  | First crewed lunar orbit
Apollo 10 |  USA  | Launched 18 May 1969  | Left orbit 26 May 1969  |
Apollo 11 |  USA | July 19, 1969 | July 21, 1969; Lunar module ascent stage abandoned in orbit, impact site unknown | First human Moon landing
Apollo 12 |  USA | November 18, 1969 | November 21, 1969 | Human Moon landing
Apollo 14 |  USA | February 4, 1971 | February 7, 1971 | Human Moon landing
Apollo 15 |  USA | July 29, 1971 | August 4, 1971 | Human Moon landing
Apollo 15 subsatellite (PFS-1) |  USA | August 4, 1971 | January 1973 |
Apollo 16 |  USA | April 19, 1972 | April 25, 1972; Lunar module ascent stage abandoned in orbit, impact site unknown | Human Moon landing
Apollo 16 subsatellite (PFS-2) |  USA | April 24, 1972 | May 29, 1972 |
Apollo 17 |  USA | December 11, 1972 | December 14, 1972 | Human Moon landing
Hiten and Hagoromo |  Japan  | Hiten: 15 February 1993  | Hiten was deliberately deorbited and impacted the lunar surface 10 April 1993  | First Japan ese lunar orbiter
Clementine |  USA  | Launched 25 January 1994  | Left lunar orbit and entered heliocentric orbit; contact lost June 1994  |
Lunar Prospector |  USA  | Launched 7 January 1998  | Deliberately deorbited; impacted lunar surface 31 July 1999  |
SMART-1 |  ESA | 11 November 2004  | Deliberately deorbited; impacted lunar surface 3 September 2006  |
SELENE (Kaguya, Okina and Ouna) |  Japan  | 3 October 2007  | Deliberately deorbited; impacted lunar surface 10 June 2009  |
Chang'e 1 |  China  | 5 November 2007  | Deliberately deorbited 1 March 2009; impacted the Moon's surface.  | First China lunar orbiter
Chandrayaan-1 |  India  | 8 November 2008  | Deliberately crashed into lunar surface. Impact probe remained operational for a few days. Contact lost 29 August 2009.  | First India n lunar orbiter
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter[3] |  USA  | 23 June 2009  | Active  |
Chang'e 2 |  China  | 6 October 2010  | Left lunar orbit 8 June 2011; currently in deep-space orbit  |
ARTEMIS P1 |  USA  | 2 July 2011  | Active  |
ARTEMIS P2[4] |  USA  | 17 July 2011  | Active  |
Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL)  |  USA  | 31 December 2011 / 1 January 2012  | Both spacecraft were deliberately deorbited and impacted on the lunar surface 17 December 2012  |
LADEE |  USA  | 6 October 2013  | Deliberately deorbited 18 April 2014  |
Chang'e 3 |  China  | 6 December 2013  | Landed on lunar surface 14 December 2013  | First Chinese lunar landing
Chang'e 5-T1 |  China  | 13 January 2015  | Returned to Earth on 31 October 2014  |
Chang'e 4 |  China  | 12 December 2018  | Landed on lunar surface 3 January 2019. The Queqiao relay satellite was placed in an Earth-Moon L2 halo orbit.  | First lunar far-side landing
Longjiang-2 microsatellite  |  China  | 25 May 2018  | Deorbited 2019  |
Beresheet |  Israel  | 4 April 2019  | Crashed onto lunar surface 11 April 2019  | First private lunar lander. Successfully orbited for 7 days. Soft landing failed.
Chandrayaan-2 |  India  | 20 August 2019  | Orbiter is active. The Vikram lander lost contact at 2.1 km from the lunar surface, and was subsequently destroyed.[5] | It was originally thought that Vikram had survived the impact, and ISRO continued trying to contact the lander until the lunar night.[6]
Chang'e 5 |  China  | 1 December 2020  | Orbiter is (As of 2022) in lunar DRO orbit.  | First lunar sample return mission by China. Ascent stage deorbited on 7 December 2020. Capsule successfully returned sample via service module on 16 December 2020. The orbiter will make lunar flyby in extended mission on 9 September 2021 in Distant retrograde orbit.[7]
CAPSTONE |  USA  | 14 November 2022  | Active and on a Near-rectilinear halo orbit (NRHO)  | Lunar orbiting CubeSat that will test and verify the calculated orbital stability planned for the Gateway space station.
Artemis 1 |  USA  | 25 November 2022  | Remained on a Selenocentric orbit (DRO) until 5 December 2022, then returned back to Earth  | First mission of the Artemis program.
LunaH-Map  |  USA  | 25 November 2022  | Decayed 20 February 2023  |
Lunar IceCube |  USA  | 25 November 2022  | On a Selenocentric orbit  | Contact lost shortly after the launch. Conducted lunar flyby on 21 November 2022, likely in a heliocentric orbit.
Danuri KPLO |  USA /  South Korea  | 16 December 2022  | On a Selenocentric orbit  | Lunar Orbiter by the Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) of South Korea . The orbiter, its science payload and ground control infrastructure are technology demonstrators. The orbiter will also be tasked with surveying lunar resources such as water ice, uranium, helium-3, silicon, and aluminium, and produce a topographic map to help select future lunar landing sites.
Hakuto-R Mission 1 |  Japan  | 21 March 2023  | Crashed onto lunar surface on 25 April 2023  | Carried the emirati Rashid and the japanese SORA-Q lunar rovers. Contact lost during landing attempt.
Chandrayaan-3 |  India  | 5 August 2023  | Success (returned to Earth Orbit)  | Propulsion module, also functioning as a Chandrayaan-3 relay satellite. Conducted 4 flybys enroute return to Earth's orbit.
Luna 25 |  Russia  | 16 August 2023  | Crashed onto lunar surface on 19 August 2023  | Lunar south pole lander, landing scheduled for 21 August 2023. Contact lost after orbit lowering maneuver.
SLIM |  Japan  | 25 December 2023  | Landed on Lunar surface on 19 January 2024  | Carried the japanese LEV-1 and LEV-2 lunar rovers. First Japanese soft landing.

## Mars

Mission  | Country/agency  | Orbital insertion  | Current status  | Notes

|
|
|
|

Mariner 9 |  USA  | 14 November 1971  | Deactivated 27 October 1972. In derelict orbit around Mars, expected to decay no sooner than 2022[8] | First spacecraft to orbit another planet

First Mars orbiter

Mars 2 orbiter  |  USSR  | 27 November 1971 [9] | Mission terminated 22 August 1972; spacecraft in derelict orbit  | First Soviet spacecraft to orbit Mars
Mars 3 orbiter  |  USSR  | 2 December 1971[9] | Mission terminated on August 22, 1972  |
Mars 5 orbiter[10] |  USSR  | 12 February 1974  | Contact lost on 28 February 1974 due to a loss of pressurization in the transmitter [11] |
Viking 1 orbiter  |  USA  | 19 June 1976  | Mission terminated 17 August 1980, spacecraft in derelict high altitude orbit.  |
Viking 2 orbiter  |  USA  | 7 August 1976  | Mission terminated 25 July 1978, spacecraft in derelict high altitude orbit.  |
Phobos 2[12] |  USSR  | 29 January 1989  | Contact lost 27 March 1989  |
Mars Global Surveyor |  USA  | 11 September 1997  | Contact lost 2 November 2006; In derelict orbit around Mars, expected to decay no sooner than 2047[13] |
2001 Mars Odyssey |  USA  | 24 October 2001  | Active  | Longest-surviving, continuously active spacecraft in orbit around another planet
Mars Express |  ESA | 20 December 2003  | Active  |
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter |  USA  | 10 March 2006  | Active  |
MAVEN |  USA  | 22 September 2014  | Active  |
Mars Orbiter Mission |  India  | 24 September 2014  | Contact lost April 2022[14] | India 's first interplanetary mission
ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter |  ESA  | 19 October 2016  | Active  | Carried Schiaparelli EDM lander
Emirates Mars Mission
(Hope)  |  UAE | 9 February 2021  | Active  | United Arab Emirates's first interplanetary mission
Tianwen 1  |  China  | 10 February 2021  | Active  |

## Jupiter

Mission  | Country/agency  | Orbital insertion  | Current status  | Notes

|
|
|
|

Galileo |  USA  | 8 December 1995  | Intentionally deorbited and incinerated in Jupiter's atmosphere 21 September 2003  | First Jupiter orbiter
Juno |  USA  | 4 July 2016  | Active  |
JUICE |  ESA  | July 2031 (planned)  | en route  | mission to study Jupiter's three icy moons Callisto, Europa and Ganymede, eventually orbiting Ganymede as the first spacecraft to orbit a satellite of another planet.

## Saturn

Mission  | Country/agency  | Orbital insertion  | Current status  | Notes

|
|
|
|

Cassini-Huygens |  USA
ESA
ASI | 1 July 2004  | Intentionally deorbited and incinerated in Saturn's atmosphere 15 September 2017  | First Saturn orbiter

## Minor planets and comets

Mission  | Country/agency  | Object  | Orbital insertion  | Current status  | Notes

|
|
|
|
|

NEAR Shoemaker |  USA  | 433 Eros | 14 February 2000  | Landed 12 February 2001 on the surface of Eros.  | First spacecraft to orbit an asteroid
Dawn |  USA  | 4 Vesta | 16 July 2011  | Left Vesta orbit 5 September 2012  |
Dawn |  USA  | Ceres | 9 March 2015  | Mission concluded 1 November 2018. In derelict orbit around Ceres, expected to decay no sooner than 2038[15] | First spacecraft to achieve orbit around two separate objects and to orbit a dwarf planet.
Rosetta |  ESA | 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko  | 6 August 2014  | On 30 September 2016, ended its mission by landing on the comet in its Ma'at region.  | First spacecraft to orbit a comet. Philae lander module successfully landed on 12 November 2014
OSIRIS-REx |  USA  | 101955 Bennu | 31 December 2018  | Collected surface sample and departed from Bennu on 20 October 2020[16] | Smallest body to be orbited by spacecraft and closest ever orbit[17][18]

## References

1. ↑ NSSDC - Luna 10
2. ↑ NSSDC - Luna 11
3. ↑ Where is LRO?
4. ↑ Hendrix, Susan (25 March 2015). "Second ARTEMIS Spacecraft Successfully Enters Lunar Orbit". The Sun-Earth Connection: Heliophysics. NASA. http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/artemis/news/P2-lunarOrbit.html.
5. ↑ Chang, Kenneth (2019-12-06). "A Billion Pixels and the Search for India's Crashed Moon Lander" (in en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/06/science/india-moon-mission-vikram-found.html.
6. ↑ "Chandrayaan-2: Isro, not losing hope, continues to make all-out efforts to restore link with lander 'Vikram'" (in en). September 9, 2019. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-not-losing-hope-continues-to-make-all-out-efforts-to-restore-link-with-lander-vikram/articleshow/71045854.cms.
7. ↑ "China's Chang'e-5 orbiter is heading back to the moon" (in en-US). 2021-09-06. https://spacenews.com/chinas-change-5-orbiter-is-heading-back-to-the-moon/.
8. ↑ NASA - This Month in NASA History: Mariner 9 , November 29, 2011 — Vol. 4, Issue 9
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "NASA Mars log". http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/programmissions/missions/log/.
10. ↑ Historic Spacecraft - Mars Probes
11. ↑ "Mars 5". US National Space Science Data Centre. https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1973-049A.
12. ↑ Encyclopedia Astronautica Fobos 1F
13. ↑ Dunn, Marcia (27 October 1996). "NASA Takes No Dirty Chances With Mars Rover". Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-10-27-mn-58293-story.html.
14. ↑ https://www.isro.gov.in/MOM_NationalMeet_2022SEP.html
15. ↑ Chang, Kenneth (November 1, 2018). "NASA's Dawn Mission to the Asteroid Belt Says Good Night - Launched in 2007, the spacecraft discovered bright spots on Ceres and forbidding terrain on Vesta.". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/01/science/nasa-dawn-ceres-vesta-asteroids-end.html.
16. ↑ Chang, Kenneth (20 October 2020). "Seeking Solar System's Secrets, NASA's OSIRIS-REX Mission Touches Bennu Asteroid - The spacecraft attempted to suck up rocks and dirt from the asteroid, which could aid humanity's ability to divert one that might slam into Earth.". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/20/science/osiris-rex-mission.html.
17. ↑ "NASA'S OSIRIS-REx Spacecraft Arrives at Asteroid Bennu". NASA. 2018-12-03. https://www.asteroidmission.org/?latest-news=nasas-osiris-rex-spacecraft-arrives-asteroid-bennu.
18. ↑ "NASA's OSIRIS-REx Mission Breaks Another Orbit Record". NASA. 2019-06-13. https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/osiris-rex-breaks-another-orbit-record.

## See also

* Lunar orbit
* Circumlunar trajectory
* List of minor planets and comets visited by spacecraft
* List of landings on extraterrestrial bodies
* List of interplanetary voyages
* Satellite system

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