Benzene (data page)

This page provides supplementary chemical data on benzene.

## Contents

* 1 Material Safety Data Sheet
* 2 Structure and properties
* 3 Thermodynamic properties
* 4 Vapor pressure of liquid
* 5 Distillation data
* 6 Spectral data
* 7 Safety data
* 8 References

## Material Safety Data Sheet

The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source such as SIRI, and follow its directions. MSDS for benzene available at AMOCO.

## Structure and properties

Structure and properties

Index of refraction, nD | 1.5011 at 20°C
Abbe number | ?
Dielectric constant, εr | (2.274 – 0.0020ΔT) ε0
(ΔT = T – 25 °C)
Bond strength  | ?
Bond length | 1.39 Å C-C[1]
Bond angle  | 120°C–C–C
120° H–C–C
Magnetic susceptibility | ?
Surface tension | 28.88 dyn/cm at 25°C
Viscosity[2] |  | 0.7528 mPa·s | at 10°C

|

0.6999 mPa·s | at 15°C
0.6516 mPa·s | at 20°C
0.6076 mPa·s | at 25°C
0.5673 mPa·s | at 35°C
0.4965 mPa·s | at 40°C
0.4655 mPa·s | at 45°C
0.4370 mPa·s | at 50°C
0.4108 mPa·s | at 55°C
0.3867 mPa·s | at 60°C
0.3644 mPa·s | at 65°C
0.3439 mPa·s | at 70°C
0.3250 mPa·s | at 75°C
0.3075 mPa·s | at 80°C

## Thermodynamic properties

Phase behavior

Triple point | 278.5 K (5.4 °C), 4.83 kPa
Critical point  | 562 K (289 °C), 4.89 MPa
Std enthalpy change
of fusion, ΔfusH ~~o~~ | 9.9 kJ/mol at 5.42 °C
Std entropy change
of fusion, ΔfusS ~~o~~ | 35.5 J/(mol·K) at 5.42 °C
Std enthalpy change
of vaporization, ΔvapH ~~o~~ | 33.9 kJ/mol at 25°C
30.77 kJ/mol at 80.1°C
Std entropy change
of vaporization, ΔvapS ~~o~~ | 113.6 J/(mol·K) at 25°C
87.1 J/(mol·K) at 80.1°C
Solid properties
Std enthalpy change
of formation, ΔfH ~~o~~ solid | ? kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy,
S ~~o~~ solid | 45.56 J/(mol K)
Heat capacity, cp | 118.4 J/(mol K) at 0°C
Liquid properties
Std enthalpy change
of formation, ΔfH ~~o~~ liquid | +48.7 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy,
S ~~o~~ liquid | 173.26 J/(mol K)
Enthalpy of combustion, ΔcH ~~o~~ | –3273 kJ/mol
Heat capacity,[2] cp | 134.8 J/(mol K)
Gas properties
Std enthalpy change
of formation, ΔfH ~~o~~ gas | +82.93 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy,[3]
S ~~o~~ gas | 269.01 J/(mol K)
Heat capacity,[2] cp | 82.44 J/(mol K) at 25°C
van der Waals' constants[4] | a = 1823.9 L2 kPa/mol2
b = 0.1154 liter per mole

## Vapor pressure of liquid

P in mm Hg | 1 | 10 | 40 | 100 | 400 | 760 | 1520 | 3800 | 7600 | 15200 | 30400 | 45600

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T in °C | –36.7(s) | –11.5(s) | 7.6 | 26.1 | 60.6 | 80.1 | 103.8 | 142.5 | 178.8 | 221.5 | 272.3 |  —

Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed. Note: (s) notation indicates equilibrium temperature of vapor over solid, otherwise value is equilibrium temperature of vapor over liquid.

log of Benzene vapor pressure. Uses formula: logePmmHg=loge(760101.325)−8.433613loge(T+273.15)−6281.040T+273.15+71.10718+6.198413×10−06(T+273.15)2 obtained from CHERIC[2] Note: yellow area is the region where the formula disagrees with tabulated data above.

## Distillation data

| Vapor-liquid Equilibrium
for Benzene/Ethanol[5]
P = 760 mm Hg

Temp.
°C  | % by mole ethanol
liquid | vapor
70.8 | 8.6 | 26.5
69.8 | 11.2 | 28.2
69.6 | 12.0 | 30.8
69.1 | 15.8 | 33.5
68.5 | 20.0 | 36.8
67.7 | 30.8 | 41.0
67.7 | 44.2 | 44.6
68.1 | 60.4 | 50.5
69.6 | 77.0 | 59.0
70.4 | 81.5 | 62.8
70.9 | 84.1 | 66.5
72.7 | 89.8 | 74.4
73.8 | 92.4 | 78.2
|  | Vapor-liquid Equilibrium
for Benzene/Methanol[5]
P = 760 mm Hg

Temp.
°C  | % by mole methanol
liquid | vapor
70.67 | 2.6 | 26.7
66.44 | 5.0 | 37.1
62.87 | 8.8 | 45.7
60.20 | 16.4 | 52.6
58.64 | 33.3 | 55.9
58.02 | 54.9 | 59.5
58.10 | 69.9 | 63.3
58.47 | 78.2 | 66.5
59.90 | 89.8 | 76.0
62.71 | 97.3 | 90.7
|  | Vapor-liquid Equilibrium
for Benzene/Acetone[5]
P = 101.325 kPa

Temp.
°C  | % by mole benzene
liquid | vapor
57.34 | 11.7 | 7.4
57.48 | 12.8 | 8.1
57.75 | 15.1 | 9.5
59.21 | 26.7 | 16.6
59.24 | 27.0 | 16.7
60.01 | 32.7 | 20.2
60.71 | 37.3 | 23.1
61.05 | 39.8 | 24.7
61.91 | 45.0 | 27.9
62.82 | 50.2 | 31.7
63.39 | 53.4 | 33.9
63.79 | 55.4 | 35.3
64.22 | 57.2 | 37.0
64.99 | 61.3 | 39.9
67.88 | 73.0 | 51.2
70.21 | 80.7 | 60.1
72.23 | 86.1 | 67.9
|  | Vapor-liquid Equilibrium
for Benzene/n-Hexane[5]
P = 760 mmHg

Temp.
°C  | % by mole hexane
liquid | vapor
77.6 | 7.3 | 14.0
75.1 | 17.2 | 26.8
73.4 | 26.8 | 37.6
72.0 | 37.2 | 46.0
70.9 | 46.2 | 54.0
70.0 | 58.5 | 64.4
69.4 | 69.2 | 72.5
69.1 | 79.2 | 80.7
69.0 | 82.8 | 83.8
68.9 | 88.3 | 88.8
68.8 | 94.7 | 95.0
68.8 | 96.2 | 96.4

## Spectral data

UV-Vis

Ionization potential  | 9.24 eV (74525.6 cm−1)
S1 | 4.75 eV (38311.3 cm−1)
S2 | 6.05 eV (48796.5 cm−1)
λmax | 255 nm
Extinction coefficient, ε  | ?

Major absorption bands[6] |  | (liquid film)

Wave number | transmittance
3091 cm−1 | 42%
3072 cm−1 | 49%
3036 cm−1 | 27%
1961 cm−1 | 77%
1815 cm−1 | 70%
1526 cm−1 | 81%
1479 cm−1 | 20%
1393 cm−1 | 84%
1176 cm−1 | 86%
1038 cm−1 | 49%
674 cm−1 | 4%
NMR
Proton NMR  | (CDCl3, 300 MHz) δ 7.34 (s, 6H)
Carbon-13 NMR  | (CDCl3, 25 MHz) δ 128.4
Other NMR data  |

Masses of
main fragments  |

## Safety data

Material Safety Data Sheet for benzene:

Common synonyms | None

|

Physical properties | Form: colorless liquid
| Stability: Stable, but very flammable
| Melting point: 5.5 C
| Water solubility: negligible
| Specific gravity: 0.87
Principal hazards | *** Benzene is a carcinogen (cancer-causing agent).
| *** Very flammable. The pure material, and any solutions containing it, constitute a fire risk.
Safe handling | Benzene should NOT be used at all unless no safer alternatives are available.
| If benzene must be used in an experiment, it should be handled at all stages in a fume cupboard.
| Wear safety glasses and use protective gloves.
Emergency | Eye contact: Immediately flush the eye with plenty of water. Continue for at least ten minutes
| and call for immediate medical help.
| Skin contact: Wash off with soap and water. Remove any contaminated clothing. If the skin
| reddens or appears damaged, call for medical aid.
| If swallowed: Call for immediate medical help.
Disposal | It is dangerous to try to dispose of benzene by washing it down a sink, since it is toxic, will cause environmental damage
| and presents a fire risk. It is probable that trying to dispose of benzene in this way will also break local
| environmental rules. Instead, retain in a safe place in the laboratory (well away from any source of ignition)
| for disposal with other flammable, non-chlorinated solvents.
Protective equipment | Safety glasses. If gloves are worn, PVA, butyl rubber and viton are suitable materials.

## References

1. ↑ Brown; LeMay; Bursten (2006). Chemistry: The Central Science. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. pp. 1067. ISBN 0-13-109686-9.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Pure Component Properties" (Queriable database). Chemical Engineering Research Information Center. http://www.cheric.org/research/kdb/hcprop/cmpsrch.php. Retrieved 12 May 2007.
3. ↑ "ETP Entropy of Benzene" (Queriable database). Dortmund Data Bank. http://ddbonline.ddbst.de/EE/31 ETP (Entropy).shtml. Retrieved 7 Oct 2011.
4. ↑ Lange's Handbook of Chemistry 10th ed, pp 1522-1524
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "Binary Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data" (Queriable database). Chemical Engineering Research Information Center. http://www.cheric.org/research/kdb/hcvle/hcvle.php. Retrieved 12 May 2007.
6. ↑ "Spectral Database for Organic Compounds" (Queriable database). Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. Archived from the original on 5 May 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20060505120103/http://www.aist.go.jp/RIODB/SDBS/cgi-bin/cre_index.cgi. Retrieved 10 June 2007.

Except where noted otherwise, data relate to standard ambient temperature and pressure.

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