Gadolinium gallium garnet

General
Category| synthetic mineral
Formula
(repeating unit)| Gd
3Ga

12[1]
Crystal system| cubic
Identification
Color| transparent, colorless to light brown or yellow. May also be orange or blue.[1]
Mohs scale hardness| 6.5[1] (other sources 7.5)
|re|er}}| vitreous to subadamantine[1]
Specific gravity| 7.05 (+.04, -.10)[1]
Density| 7.08 g/cm3
Polish luster| vitreous to subadamantine[1]
Optical properties| Single refractive[1]
Refractive index| 1.970 (+.060)[1]
Birefringence| none[1]
Pleochroism| none[1]
Dispersion| .045[1]
Ultraviolet fluorescence| moderate to strong pinkish orange in shortwave[1]

Gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG, Gd
3Ga

12) is a synthetic crystalline material of the garnet group, with good mechanical, thermal, and optical properties. It is typically colorless. It has a cubic lattice, a density of 7.08 g/cm3 and its Mohs hardness is variously noted as 6.5 and 7.5. Its crystals are produced with the Czochralski method. During production, various dopants can be added for colour modification. The material is also used in fabrication of various optical components and as a substrate material for magneto–optical films (magnetic bubble memory).[2] It also finds use in jewelry as a diamond simulant. GGG can also be used as a seed substrate for the growth of other garnets such as yttrium iron garnet.[3]

Another interesting aspect to this synthetic gemstone is that it exhibits both fluorescence under UV, and Phosphorescence (glow-in-the-dark) properties.

## See also

* Micro-pulling-down
* Terbium gallium garnet
* Yttrium aluminium garnet
* GAGG:Ce (cerium-doped gadolinium aluminium gallium garnet)

## References

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 (Gia), Gemological. Gem Reference Guide. City: Gemological Institute of America (GIA), 1988. ISBN 0-87311-019-6
2. ↑ J. F. Greber "Gallium and Gallium Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2012 Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a12_163
3. ↑ Holm, U.; Sohlstrom, H.; Brogardh, T. (1984). Yig-Sensor Design For Fibre Optical Magnetic Field Measurements. 2nd Intl Conf on Optical Fiber Sensors: OFS'84. 514. Proc. SPIE 0514, 2nd Intl Conf on Optical Fiber Sensors: OFS'84. pp. 333–6. doi:10.1117/12.945109.

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Gadolinium compounds

Gadolinium(III)|

* GdF3
* GdCl3
* GdBr3
* Gd2O3
* Gd2O2S
* Gd2(SO4)3
* Gd(NO3)3
* Gd2(C2O4)3
* Gd3Ga5O12
* Gd2SiO5

| Organogadolinium(III)|

* Gd(C5H7O2)3

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Gallium compounds

* GaAs
* GaBr3
* GaCl3
* GaF3
* GaI3
* GaN
* Ga(OH)3
* Ga(NO3)3
* Ga(C5H7O2)3
* GaP
* GaS
* GaSb
* GaSe
* GaTe
* Ga2O
* Ga2O3
* Ga2S3
* Ga2Se3
* Ga2Te3

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