Isotopes of thulium

Short description: Nuclides with atomic number of 69 but with different mass numbers

Main isotopes of Chemistry:thulium (69Tm) | Iso­tope | Decay

|

| abun­dance | half-life (t1/2) | mode | pro­duct
167Tm  | syn | 9.25 d | ε | 167Er
168Tm  | syn  | 93.1 d | ε  | 168Er
169Tm  | 100%  | stable
170Tm  | syn  | 128.6 d | β− | 170Yb
171Tm  | syn  | 1.92 y | β− | 171Yb
Standard atomic weight Ar, standard(Tm)|

* 168.93422(2)[1]

view * talk * edit

Naturally occurring thulium (69Tm) is composed of one stable isotope, 169Tm (100% natural abundance). Thirty-six radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being 171Tm with a half-life of 1.92 years, 170Tm with a half-life of 128.6 days, 168Tm with a half-life of 93.1 days, and 167Tm with a half-life of 9.25 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 64 hours, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 2 minutes. This element also has 26 meta states, with the most stable being 164mTm (t1/2 5.1 minutes), 160mTm (t1/2 74.5 seconds) and 155mTm (t1/2 45 seconds).

The isotopes of thulium range in atomic weight from 143.97 u (144Tm) to 178.95534 u (179Tm). The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, 169Tm, is electron capture, and the primary mode after is beta emission. The primary decay products before 169Tm are erbium isotopes, and the primary products after are ytterbium isotopes. All isotopes of thulium are either radioactive or, in the case of 169Tm, observationally stable, meaning that 169Tm is predicted to be radioactive but no actual decay has been observed.

## List of isotopes

Nuclide
[n 1] | Z | N | Isotopic mass (u)
[n 2][n 3] | Half-life
[n 4] | Decay
mode
[n 5] | Daughter
isotope
[n 6] | Spin and
parity
[n 7][n 4] | Physics:Natural abundance (mole fraction)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Excitation energy[n 4] | Normal proportion  | Range of variation
144Tm[2] | 69  | 75  |  | 1.9+1.2
−0.5 μs | p | 143Er  | (10+)  |  |
145Tm  | 69  | 76  | 144.97007(43)#  | 3.1(3) μs  | p  | 144Er  | (11/2−)  |  |
146Tm  | 69  | 77  | 145.96643(43)#  | 240(30) ms  | p  | 145Er  | (6−)  |  |
β+ (rare)  | 146Er
146mTm  | 71(6) keV  | 72(23) ms  | p  | 145Er  | (10+)  |  |
β+ (rare)  | 146Er
147Tm  | 69  | 78  | 146.96096(32)#  | 0.58(3) s  | β+ (85%)  | 147Er  | 11/2−  |  |
p (15%)  | 146Er
147mTm  | 60(5) keV  | 360(40) μs  |  |  | 3/2+  |  |
148Tm  | 69  | 79  | 147.95784(43)#  | 0.7(2) s  | β+ | 148Er  | (10+)  |  |
148mTm  |  | 0.7 s  |  |  |  |  |
149Tm  | 69  | 80  | 148.95272(32)#  | 0.9(2) s  | β+ (99.74%)  | 149Er  | (11/2−)  |  |
β+, p (.26%)  | 148Ho
150Tm  | 69  | 81  | 149.94996(21)#  | 3# s  | β+ | 150Er  | (1+)  |  |
150m1Tm  | 140(140)# keV  | 2.20(6) s  | β+ (98.8%)  | 150Er  | (6−)  |  |
β+, p (1.2%)  | 149Ho
150m2Tm  | 810(140)# keV  | 5.2(3) ms  |  |  | (10+)  |  |
151Tm  | 69  | 82  | 150.945483(22)  | 4.17(10) s  | β+ | 151Er  | (11/2−)  |  |
151m1Tm  | 92(7) keV  | 6.6(14) s  | β+ | 151Er  | (1/2+)  |  |
151m2Tm  | 2655.67(22) keV  | 451(24) ns  |  |  | (27/2−)  |  |
152Tm  | 69  | 83  | 151.94442(8)  | 8.0(10) s  | β+ | 152Er  | (2#)−  |  |
152m1Tm  | 100(80)# keV  | 5.2(6) s  | β+ | 152Er  | (9)+  |  |
152m2Tm  | 2555.05(19)+X keV  | 294(12) ns  |  |  | (17+)  |  |
153Tm  | 69  | 84  | 152.942012(20)  | 1.48(1) s  | α (91%)  | 149Ho  | (11/2−)  |  |
β+ (9%)  | 153Er
153mTm  | 43.2(2) keV  | 2.5(2) s  | α (92%)  | 149Ho  | (1/2+)  |  |
β+ (8%)  | 153Er
154Tm  | 69  | 85  | 153.941568(15)  | 8.1(3) s  | β+ (56%)  | 154Er  | (2−)  |  |
α (44%)  | 150Ho
154mTm  | 70(50) keV  | 3.30(7) s  | α (90%)  | 150Ho  | (9+)  |  |
β+ (10%)  | 154Er
155Tm  | 69  | 86  | 154.939199(14)  | 21.6(2) s  | β+ (98.1%)  | 155Er  | (11/2−)  |  |
α (1.9%)  | 151Ho
155mTm  | 41(6) keV  | 45(3) s  | β+ (92%)  | 155Er  | (1/2+)  |  |
α (8%)  | 151Ho
156Tm  | 69  | 87  | 155.938980(17)  | 83.8(18) s  | β+ (99.93%)  | 156Er  | 2−  |  |
α (.064%)  | 152Er
156mTm  | 203.6(5) keV  | ~400 ns  |  |  | (11−)  |  |
157Tm  | 69  | 88  | 156.93697(3)  | 3.63(9) min  | β+ | 157Er  | 1/2+  |  |
158Tm  | 69  | 89  | 157.936980(27)  | 3.98(6) min  | β+ | 158Er  | 2−  |  |
158mTm  | 50(100)# keV  | ~20 ns  |  |  | (5+)  |  |
159Tm  | 69  | 90  | 158.93498(3)  | 9.13(16) min  | β+ | 159Er  | 5/2+  |  |
160Tm  | 69  | 91  | 159.93526(4)  | 9.4(3) min  | β+ | 160Er  | 1−  |  |
160m1Tm  | 70(20) keV  | 74.5(15) s  | IT (85%)  | 160Tm  | 5(+#)  |  |
β+ (15%)  | 160Er
160m2Tm  | 98.2+X keV  | ~200 ns  |  |  | (8)  |  |
161Tm  | 69  | 92  | 160.93355(3)  | 30.2(8) min  | β+ | 161Er  | 7/2+  |  |
161m1Tm  | 7.4(2) keV  | 5# min  |  |  | 1/2+  |  |
161m2Tm  | 78.20(3) keV  | 110(3) ns  |  |  | 7/2−  |  |
162Tm  | 69  | 93  | 161.933995(28)  | 21.70(19) min  | β+ | 162Er | 1−  |  |
162mTm  | 130(40) keV  | 24.3(17) s  | IT (82%)  | 162Tm  | 5+  |  |
β+ (18%)  | 162Er
163Tm  | 69  | 94  | 162.932651(6)  | 1.810(5) h  | β+ | 163Er  | 1/2+  |  |
164Tm  | 69  | 95  | 163.93356(3)  | 2.0(1) min  | β+ | 164Er | 1+  |  |
164mTm  | 10(6) keV  | 5.1(1) min  | IT (80%)  | 164Tm  | 6−  |  |
β+ (20%)  | 164Er
165Tm  | 69  | 96  | 164.932435(4)  | 30.06(3) h  | β+ | 165Er  | 1/2+  |  |
166Tm  | 69  | 97  | 165.933554(13)  | 7.70(3) h  | β+ | 166Er | 2+  |  |
166mTm  | 122(8) keV  | 340(25) ms  | IT  | 166Tm  | 6−  |  |
167Tm  | 69  | 98  | 166.9328516(29)  | 9.25(2) d  | EC | 167Er | 1/2+  |  |
167m1Tm  | 179.480(19) keV  | 1.16(6) μs  |  |  | (7/2)+  |  |
167m2Tm  | 292.820(20) keV  | 0.9(1) μs  |  |  | 7/2−  |  |
168Tm  | 69  | 99  | 167.934173(3)  | 93.1(2) d  | β+ (99.99%)  | 168Er | 3+  |  |
β− (.01%)  | 168Yb
169Tm  | 69  | 100  | 168.9342133(27)  | Observationally Stable[n 8] | 1/2+  | 1.0000  |
170Tm | 69  | 101  | 169.9358014(27)  | 128.6(3) d  | β− (99.86%)  | 170Yb | 1−  |  |
EC (.14%)  | 170Er
170mTm  | 183.197(4) keV  | 4.12(13) μs  |  |  | (3)+  |  |
171Tm  | 69  | 102  | 170.9364294(28)  | 1.92(1) y  | β− | 171Yb | 1/2+  |  |
171mTm  | 424.9560(15) keV  | 2.60(2) μs  |  |  | 7/2−  |  |
172Tm  | 69  | 103  | 171.938400(6)  | 63.6(2) h  | β− | 172Yb | 2−  |  |
173Tm  | 69  | 104  | 172.939604(5)  | 8.24(8) h  | β− | 173Yb | (1/2+)  |  |
173mTm  | 317.73(20) keV  | 10(3) μs  |  |  | (7/2−)  |  |
174Tm  | 69  | 105  | 173.94217(5)  | 5.4(1) min  | β− | 174Yb | (4)−  |  |
175Tm  | 69  | 106  | 174.94384(5)  | 15.2(5) min  | β− | 175Yb  | (1/2+)  |  |
176Tm  | 69  | 107  | 175.94699(11)  | 1.85(3) min  | β− | 176Yb | (4+)  |  |
177Tm  | 69  | 108  | 176.94904(32)#  | 90(6) s  | β− | 177Yb  | (7/2−)  |  |
178Tm  | 69  | 109  | 177.95264(43)#  | 30# s  | β− | 178Yb  |  |  |
179Tm  | 69  | 110  | 178.95534(54)#  | 20# s  | β− | 179Yb  | 1/2+#  |  |

1. ↑ mTm - Excited nuclear isomer.
2. ↑ ( ) - Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
3. ↑ # - Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 # - Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
5. ↑ Modes of decay:  EC: | Electron capture

|

IT: | Isomeric transition

p: | Proton emission
6. ↑ Bold symbol as daughter - Daughter product is stable.
7. ↑ ( ) spin value - Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
8. ↑ Believed to undergo α decay to 165Ho

## Thulium-170

Main page: Physics:Thulium-170

Thulium-170 has a half-life of 128.6 days, decaying by β− decay about 99.87% of the time and electron capture the remaining 0.13% of the time.[3] Due to its low-energy X-ray emissions, it has been proposed for radiotherapy[4] and as a source in a radiothermal generator.[5]

## References

1. ↑ Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
2. ↑ Grzywacz, R.; Karny, M.; Rykaczewski, K. P.; Batchelder, J. C.; Bingham, C. R.; Fong, D.; Gross, C. J.; Krolas, W. et al. (1 September 2005). "Discovery of the new proton emitter 144Tm". The European Physical Journal A 25 (1): 145–147. doi:10.1140/epjad/i2005-06-210-2. ISSN 1434-601X. Bibcode: 2005EPJAS..25..145G.
3. ↑ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties". Chinese Physics C 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae. https://www-nds.iaea.org/amdc/ame2020/NUBASE2020.pdf.
4. ↑ Polyak, Andras; Das, Tapas; Chakraborty, Sudipta; Kiraly, Reka; Dabasi, Gabriella; Joba, Robert Peter; Jakab, Csaba; Thuroczy, Julianna et al. (October 2014). "Thulium-170-Labeled Microparticles for Local Radiotherapy: Preliminary Studies" (in en). Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals 29 (8): 330–338. doi:10.1089/cbr.2014.1680. ISSN 1084-9785. PMID 25226213. https://www.academia.edu/13307480/Thulium_170_Labeled_Microparticles_for_Local_Radiotherapy_Preliminary_Studies.
5. ↑ Dustin, J. Seth; Borrelli, R.A. (December 2021). "Assessment of alternative radionuclides for use in a radioisotope thermoelectric generator". Nuclear Engineering and Design 385: 111475. doi:10.1016/j.nucengdes.2021.111475.

* Isotope masses from:
* Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A 729: 3–128, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001, Bibcode: 2003NuPhA.729....3A, https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00020241/document
* Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
* Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
* Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
* Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A 729: 3–128, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001, Bibcode: 2003NuPhA.729....3A, https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00020241/document
* National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/.
* Lide, David R., ed (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

* v
* t
* e

Isotopes of the chemical elements

| Group | 1 | 2 | 3 |  | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Period | Alkali metals  | Alkaline earth metals  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Pnicto­gens  | Chal­co­gens  | Halo­gens  | Noble gases
1 |

Iso's * List

1  |  |

Iso's * List

2 |

Iso's * List

3  |

Iso's * List

4  |  |

Iso's * List

5  |

Iso's * List

6  |

Iso's * List

7  |

Iso's * List

8  |

Iso's * List

9  |

Iso's * List

3 |

Iso's * List

11  |

Iso's * List

12  |  |

Iso's * List

13  |

Iso's * List

14  |

Iso's * List

15  |

Iso's * List

16  |

Iso's * List

17  |

Iso's * List

4 |

Iso's * List

19  |

Iso's * List

20  |

Iso's * List

21  |  |

Iso's * List

22  |

Iso's * List

23  |

Iso's * List

24  |

Iso's * List

25  |

Iso's * List

26  |

Iso's * List

27  |

Iso's * List

28  |

Iso's * List

29  |

Iso's * List

30  |

Iso's * List

31  |

Iso's * List

32  |

Iso's * List

33  |

Iso's * List

34  |

Iso's * List

35  |

Iso's * List

5 |

Iso's * List

37  |

Iso's * List

38  |

Iso's * List

39  |  |

Iso's * List

40  |

Iso's * List

41  |

Iso's * List

42  |

Iso's * List

43  |

Iso's * List

44  |

Iso's * List

45  |

Iso's * List

46  |

Iso's * List

47  |

Iso's * List

48  |

Iso's * List

49  |

Iso's * List

50  |

Iso's * List

51  |

Iso's * List

52  |

Iso's * List

53  |

Iso's * List

6 |

Iso's * List

55  |

Iso's * List

56  |

Iso's * List

57  |  |

Iso's * List

72  |

Iso's * List

73  |

Iso's * List

74  |

Iso's * List

75  |

Iso's * List

76  |

Iso's * List

77  |

Iso's * List

78  |

Iso's * List

79  |

Iso's * List

80  |

Iso's * List

81  |

Iso's * List

82  |

Iso's * List

83  |

Iso's * List

84  |

Iso's * List

85  |

Iso's * List

7 |

Iso's * List

87  |

Iso's * List

88  |

Iso's * List

89  |  |

Iso's * List

104  |

Iso's * List

105  |

Iso's * List

106  |

Iso's * List

107  |

Iso's * List

108  |

Iso's * List

109  |

Iso's * List

110  |

Iso's * List

111  |

Iso's * List

112  |

Iso's * List

113  |

Iso's * List

114  |

Iso's * List

115  |

Iso's * List

116  |

Iso's * List

117  |

Iso's * List

118
|  |  |  |  |

Iso's * List

58  |

Iso's * List

59  |

Iso's * List

60  |

Iso's * List

61  |

Iso's * List

62  |

Iso's * List

63  |

Iso's * List

64  |

Iso's * List

65  |

Iso's * List

66  |

Iso's * List

67  |

Iso's * List

68  |

Iso's * List

69  |

Iso's * List

70  |

Iso's * List

71  |
|  |

Iso's * List

90  |

Iso's * List

91  |

Iso's * List

92  |

Iso's * List

93  |

Iso's * List

94  |

Iso's * List

95  |

Iso's * List

96  |

Iso's * List

97  |

Iso's * List

98  |

Iso's * List

99  |

Iso's * List

100  |

Iso's * List

101  |

Iso's * List

102  |

Iso's * List

103

* Table of nuclides
* Categories: Isotopes
* Tables of nuclides
* Metastable isotopes
* Isotopes by element

0.00

(0 votes)

Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes of thulium. Read more

|

Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Physics:Isotopes_of_thulium&oldid=3282204"
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template