Ballot measure campaign finance, 2016

2016 U.S. State
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In 2016, 162 statewide ballot measures were certified for the ballot in 35 states. Of these measures, 76 were put on the ballot by citizens through signature petitions, rather than by state legislatures. Eight measures were on pre-November elections, leaving 154 measures for statewide ballots in November.

Note: 165 measures had qualified for the ballot. The Arkansas Supreme Court, however, removed two certified measures from the ballot on October 13, 2016, and another on October 27, reducing to 162 the number of measures voters considered.

For election results for all statewide ballot measures, click here.

Ballotpedia identified $886.2 million in contributions to support or oppose statewide measures on ballots in 2016.

In 2014, for comparison, $467 million was raised through to support or oppose 158 statewide ballot measures across 42 states.

## Contents

* 1 Overview
* 1.1 Ballot measure contributions, 2016-2024
* 1.2 States with most contributions
* 1.3 Measures with most contributions
* 2 2016 ballot measure contributions
* 2.1 Citizen-initiated ballot measures
* 2.2 Referred ballot measures

## Overview[edit]

### Ballot measure contributions, 2016-2024[edit]

The following graph shows the total contributions to state ballot measure committees in 2016, 2018, 2020, 2022, and 2024. California, as the state that often has the most committee contributions, is highlighted.

### States with most contributions[edit]

For 2016, the following 10 states had the most ballot measure campaign contributions:

State  | Measures  | Contributions

|
|

California | 18 | $480,225,990
Colorado | 9 | $61,176,834
Massachusetts | 4 | $60,615,255
Oregon | 4 | $55,021,968
Nevada | 4 | $39,292,624
Missouri | 2 | $27,101,155
New Jersey | 2 | $25,101,545
Arizona | 4 | $23,268,432
Oklahoma | 7 | $22,695,334
Maine | 6 | $20,791,871

### Measures with most contributions[edit]

For 2016, campaigns surrounding the following 10 ballot measures had received the most contributions:

Measure  | Support  | Opposition  | Total  | Outcome

|
|
|
|

California Proposition 61 | $19,302,196.55 | $109,106,160.61 | $128,408,357.16 | d
California Proposition 56 | $34,507,787.21 | $70,978,345.45 | $105,486,132.66 | a
California Proposition 52 | $60,282,906.94 | $11,563,131.05 | $71,846,037.99 | a
California Proposition 55 | $59,420,917.59 | $3,000.00 | $59,423,917.59 | a
Oregon Measure 97 | $18,789,009.33 | $28,132,809.64 | $46,921,818.97 | d
Massachusetts Question 2 | $25,791,310.35 | $17,228,189.61 | $43,019,499.96 | d
Florida Amendment 1 | $25,944,125.13 | $2,294,938.87 | $28,239,064.00 | d
California Proposition 64 | $26,550,422.44 | $1,152,623.80 | $27,703,046.24 | a
California Proposition 53 | $5,039,605.42 | $22,332,198.67 | $27,371,804.09 | d
Nevada Question 1 | $19,847,006.84 | $6,656,042.51 | $26,503,049.35 | a

## 2016 ballot measure contributions[edit]

The following tables list statewide measures on ballots in 2016, support and opposition contributions for each measure, and the outcome of each measure. The charts and separated by citizen-initiated measures and referred ballot measures.

### Citizen-initiated ballot measures[edit]

The following table lists citizen-initiated ballot measures that were placed on the ballot through a signature drive. The following table lists citizen-initiated ballot measures, including veto referendums, that were placed on the ballot through a signature drive.

Ballot Measure | Support Contributions | Oppose Contributions | Outcome

|
|
|

Alaska Voter Registration via the Permanent Fund Dividend Application, Ballot Measure 1 (2016) | $1,425,059.98 | $0.00 |
Arizona Marijuana Legalization, Proposition 205 (2016) | $6,547,688.96 | $6,368,195.67 |
Arizona Minimum Wage and Paid Time Off, Proposition 206 (2016) | $4,358,473.97 | $46,676.80 |
Arkansas Medical Marijuana Amendment, Issue 6 (2016) | $1,137,910.18 | $292,265.98 |
California Proposition 51, Public School Facility Bonds (2016) | $12,150,508.46 | $0.00 |
California Proposition 52, Continued Hospital Fee Revenue Dedicated to Medi-Cal Unless Voters Approve Changes (2016) | $60,282,906.94 | $11,563,131.05 |
California Proposition 53, Voter Approval Requirement for Revenue Bonds above $2 Billion (2016) | $5,039,605.42 | $22,332,198.67 |
California Proposition 54, Public Display of Legislative Bills Prior to Vote (2016) | $10,710,640.20 | $27,303.65 |
California Proposition 55, Extension of the Proposition 30 Income Tax Increase (2016) | $59,420,917.59 | $3,000.00 |
California Proposition 56, Tobacco Tax Increase (2016) | $34,507,787.21 | $70,978,345.45 |
California Proposition 57, Parole for Non-Violent Criminals and Juvenile Court Trial Requirements (2016) | $12,578,974.23 | $1,830,991.96 |
California Proposition 60, Condoms in Pornographic Films (2016) | $4,665,698.96 | $555,353.85 |
California Proposition 61, Drug Price Standards (2016) | $19,302,196.55 | $109,106,160.61 |
California Proposition 62, Repeal of the Death Penalty (2016) | $10,092,215.84 | $5,057,042.94 |
California Proposition 63, Background Checks for Ammunition Purchases and Large-Capacity Ammunition Magazine Ban (2016) | $4,560,484.08 | $1,060,023.71 |
California Proposition 64, Marijuana Legalization (2016) | $26,550,422.44 | $1,152,623.80 |
California Proposition 65, Dedication of Revenue from Disposable Bag Sales to Wildlife Conservation Fund (2016) | $2,888,883.25 | $0.00 |
California Proposition 66, Death Penalty Procedures (2016) | $6,037,993.44 | $11,581,106.63 |
California Proposition 67, Plastic Bag Ban Veto Referendum (2016) | $1,978,223.60 | $2,888,883.25 |
Colorado $12 Minimum Wage, Amendment 70 (2016) | $5,409,354.00 | $2,273,681.63 |
Colorado Amendment 71, 55% Vote Requirement and Signature Distribution Requirement for Constitutional Amendments Measure (2016) | $5,747,335.50 | $2,018,738.09 |
Colorado Creation of ColoradoCare System, Amendment 69 (2016) | $488,268.80 | $5,182,985.83 |
Colorado Presidential Primary Election, Proposition 107 (2016) | $5,296,070.97 | $71,481.21 |
Colorado Proposition 106, Physician-Assisted Death Initiative (2016) | $11,685,654.46 | $2,795,666.00 |
Colorado Tobacco Tax Increase, Amendment 72 (2016) | $2,501,995.86 | $18,246,004.65 |
Colorado Unaffiliated Elector, Proposition 108 (2016) | $5,296,070.97 | $71,083.21 |
Florida Medical Marijuana Legalization, Amendment 2 (2016) | $6,208,366.05 | $3,474,735.76 |
Florida Solar Energy Subsidies and Personal Solar Use, Amendment 1 (2016) | $25,944,125.13 | $2,294,938.87 |
Maine Background Checks for Gun Sales, Question 3 (2016) | $7,335,275.23 | $1,275,290.48 |
Maine Marijuana Legalization, Question 1 (2016) | $3,444,892.94 | $294,282.06 |
Maine Minimum Wage Increase, Question 4 (2016) | $2,375,877.47 | $136,725.00 |
Maine Question 5, Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2016) | $2,944,419.44 | $0.00 |
Maine Tax on Incomes Exceeding $200,000 for Public Education, Question 2 (2016) | $4,722,106.74 | $501,162.95 |
Massachusetts Authorization of a Second Slots Location, Question 1 (2016) | $3,775,671.71 | $73,250.00 |
Massachusetts Marijuana Legalization, Question 4 (2016) | $6,885,273.93 | $3,077,802.52 |
Massachusetts Minimum Size Requirements for Farm Animal Containment, Question 3 (2016) | $3,453,019.51 | $330,737.29 |
Massachusetts Question 2, Annual Charter School Expansion Initiative (2016) | $25,791,310.35 | $17,228,189.61 |
Missouri 23 Cent Cigarette Tax, Proposition A (2016) | $5,697,725.09 | $0.00 |
Missouri 60 Cent Cigarette Tax, Constitutional Amendment 3 (2016) | $13,751,743.94 | $5,697,725.09 |
Missouri Prohibition on Extending Sales Tax to Previously Untaxed Services, Constitutional Amendment 4 (2016) | $5,444,067.00 | $0.00 |
Missouri State and Judicial Campaign Contribution Limits, Constitutional Amendment 2 (2016) | $1,553,000.00 | $0.00 |
Montana Bonds to Fund Biomedical Research Authority, I-181 (2016) | $330,468.17 | $0.00 |
Montana I-177, Animal Trap Restrictions on Public Land Initiative (2016) | $164,352.07 | $521,717.38 |
Montana Marsy's Law Crime Victims Rights Initiative, CI-116 (2016) | $2,445,925.32 | $0.00 |
Montana Medical Marijuana Initiative, I-182 (2016) | $349,369.07 | $181,100.00 |
Nebraska Death Penalty Repeal, Referendum 426 (2016) | $1,461,487.00 | $3,130,194.00 |
Nevada Background Checks for Gun Purchases, Question 1 (2016) | $19,847,006.84 | $6,656,042.51 |
Nevada Legislature to Minimize Regulations on the Energy Market and Eliminate Legal Energy Monopolies, Question 3 (2016) | $3,435,000.00 | $910,000.00 |
Nevada Marijuana Legalization, Question 2 (2016) | $4,283,348.75 | $3,773,000.00 |
Nevada Medical Equipment Sales Tax Exemption, Question 4 (2016) | $388,226.27 | $0.00 |
North Dakota Corporate Dairy and Swine Farming Referendum, Referred Measure 1 (June 2016) | $6,382.62 | $810,300.00 |
North Dakota Marsy's Law Crime Victim Rights, Initiated Constitutional Measure 3 (2016) | $2,377,803.00 | $18,445.00 |
North Dakota Medical Marijuana Legalization, Initiated Statutory Measure 5 (2016) | $33,395.54 | $0.00 |
North Dakota Tobacco Tax Increase, Initiated Statutory Measure 4 (2016) | $22,086.26 | $3,929,620.83 |
Oklahoma One Percent Sales Tax, State Question 779 (2016) | $7,156,573.52 | $911,274.21 |
Oklahoma Reclassification of Some Drug and Property Crimes as Misdemeanors, State Question 780 (2016) | $4,727,620.48 | $4,290.00 |
Oklahoma Rehabilitative Programs Fund Initiative, State Question 781 (2016) | $4,727,620.48 | $0.00 |
Oregon Measure 100, Wildlife Trafficking Prevention Initiative (2016) | $3,562,622.22 | $0.00 |
Oregon Measure 97, Business Tax Increase Initiative (2016) | $18,789,009.33 | $28,132,809.64 |
Oregon Measure 98, State Funding for Dropout Prevention and College Readiness Initiative (2016) | $8,347,175.89 | $0.00 |
Oregon Measure 99, Outdoor School Lottery Fund Initiative (2016) | $2,560,954.14 | $0.00 |
South Dakota Decreased Youth Minimum Wage Veto Referendum, Referred Law 20 (2016) | $456.82 | $0.00 |
South Dakota Independent Candidates Election Law Referendum, Referred Law 19 (2016) | $0.00 | $375.22 |
South Dakota Limit on Statutory Interest Rates for Loans, Constitutional Amendment U (2016) | $1,879,622.61 | $24,349.10 |
South Dakota Marsy's Law Crime Victim Rights, Constitutional Amendment S (2016) | $2,091,698.15 | $6,277.00 |
South Dakota Nonpartisan Elections, Constitutional Amendment V (2016) | $1,867,162.98 | $300,091.00 |
South Dakota Payday Lending Initiative, Initiated Measure 21 (2016) | $86,798.94 | $1,362,364.52 |
South Dakota Redistricting Commission, Constitutional Amendment T (2016) | $549,326.53 | $1,500.01 |
South Dakota Revision of State Campaign Finance and Lobbying Laws, Initiated Measure 22 (2016) | $1,834,653.16 | $669,613.66 |
South Dakota Right for Organizations to Charge Fees for Services, Initiated Measure 23 (2016) | $990,642.07 | $334,301.63 |
Washington Advisory Question about the Rights of Corporations and Money as Free Speech, Initiative 735 (2016) | $547,405.10 | $0.00 |
Washington Carbon Emission Tax and Sales Tax Reduction, Initiative 732 (2016) | $3,045,854.58 | $1,419,900.50 |
Washington Increased Penalties for Crimes Against Vulnerable Individuals, Initiative 1501 (2016) | $2,229,989.88 | $0.00 |
Washington Individual Gun Access Prevention by Court Order, Initiative 1491 (2016) | $4,235,396.01 | $0.00 |
Washington Minimum Wage Increase, Initiative 1433 (2016) | $4,386,615.83 | $84,894.59 |
Washington State-Provided Campaign Financing Funded by a Non-Resident Sales Tax, Initiative 1464 (2016) | $4,266,095.40 | $28,122.62 |

### Referred ballot measures[edit]

The following table lists referred ballot measures. Legislatures voted to place these measures on the ballot, or the measures, such as constitutional convention questions, were put on the ballot through an automatic legal process.

Ballot Measure | Support Contributions | Oppose Contributions | Outcome

|
|
|

Alabama Approval of Budget Isolation Resolution Proposing a Local Law, Amendment 14 (2016) | $35,000.00 | $0.00 |
Alabama Auburn University Board of Trustees, Amendment 1 (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Alabama Authorization of Toll Districts and Toll District Revenue Bond Debt in Baldwin County, Amendment 12 (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Alabama County Affairs Administration, Amendment 4 (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Alabama Impeachment, Amendment 6 (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Alabama Increase of Maximum Qualifying Age for Pickens County Judges, Amendment 9 (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Alabama Judicial Retirement Measure, Amendment 1 (March 2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Alabama Removal of Age Restriction for Government Officials, Amendment 13 (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Alabama Restriction of Police and Planning Jurisdiction in Calhoun County, Amendment 10 (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Alabama Right to Work, Amendment 8 (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Alabama Rules Governing Allocation of State Park Funds, Amendment 2 (2016) | $62,084.53 | $0.00 |
Alabama Rules for Determining a Local Constitutional Amendment, Amendment 3 (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Alabama State Constitutional Language Governing Separation of Powers, Amendment 5 (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Alabama Supervision of Employees in the Etowah County Sheriff's Department, Amendment 7 (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Alabama Use of City Manufacturing Zone Tax Revenue to Incentivize Manufacturing, Amendment 11 (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Alaska State Government Debt for Postsecondary Student Loans, Ballot Measure 2 (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Arizona Education Finance Amendment, Proposition 123 (May 2016) | $5,428,255.27 | $20,253.50 |
Arizona Public Retirement Benefits Amendment, Proposition 124 (May 2016) | $498,888.29 | $0.00 |
Arkansas Gubernatorial Power When Governor is Absent from State, Issue 2 (2016) | $29,000.00 | $0.00 |
Arkansas Increase in Length of Term in Office for Some County Officials, Issue 1 (2016) | $23,425.00 | $29,000.00 |
Arkansas Removal of Cap on State-Issued Bonds, Issue 3 (2016) | $386,495.00 | $29,000.00 |
California Proposition 50, Legislator Suspension Amendment (June 2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
California Proposition 58, Non-English Languages Allowed in Public Education (2016) | $5,680,777.44 | $0.00 |
Colorado Property Tax Exemption for Some Possessory Interests, Amendment U (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Colorado Removal of Exception to Slavery Prohibition for Criminals, Amendment T (2016) | $91,008.00 | $0.00 |
Florida Property Tax Exemptions for Renewable Energy Equipment, Amendment 4 (August 2016) | $2,385,438.87 | $4,828.02 |
Florida Property Tax Exemptions for Senior Citizens, Amendment 5 (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Florida Tax Exemptions for Disabled First Responders, Amendment 3 (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Georgia Additional Penalties for Sex Crimes to Fund Services for Sexually Exploited Children, Amendment 2 (2016) | $568,064.93 | $0.00 |
Georgia Authorization of the State Government to Intervene in Failing Local Schools, Amendment 1 (2016) | $3,420,000.00 | $3,025,625.36 |
Georgia Replacement of the Judicial Qualifications Commission, Amendment 3 (2016) | $0.00 | $6,550.00 |
Georgia Uses of Revenue from Taxes on Fireworks, Amendment 4 (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Hawaii General Fund Revenues Spent On Pension Liabilities and Bond Repayments, Amendment 2 (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Hawaii Threshold of Financial Damage Required to Establish the Right to a Trial by Jury, Amendment 1 (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Idaho Veto-Proof State Legislative Oversight of Administrative Rules and Regulations, HJR 5 (2016) | $129,000.00 | $0.00 |
Illinois Transportation Taxes and Fees Lockbox Amendment (2016) | $3,780,860.62 | $0.00 |
Indiana Right to Hunt and Fish, Public Question 1 (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Kansas Right to Hunt and Fish, Constitutional Amendment 1 (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Louisiana Appointment and Qualifications of Registrars of Voters, Amendment 1 (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Louisiana Authority of College Boards to Establish Tuition and Fees without Legislative Approval, Amendment 2 (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Louisiana Property Tax Exemptions for Widowed Spouses of First Responders and Military Personnel, Amendment 4 (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Louisiana Removal of Federal Income Tax Deduction from State Corporate Income Tax Calculation, Amendment 3 (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Louisiana Transportation Fund and Revenue Allocation, Amendment 5 (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Louisiana Use of Restricted Funds to Eliminate Future Deficits upon Projected Revenue Reduction, Amendment 6 (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Maine Transportation Bond, Question 6 (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Maryland Appointments to Fill Vacancies Required to Preserve Political Party Affiliation, Question 1 (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Minnesota Board to Set State Legislative Salaries, Amendment 1 (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Missouri Sales Tax for Parks and Conservation, Amendment 1 (2016) | $195,056.89 | $0.00 |
Missouri Voter ID Requirement, Constitutional Amendment 6 (2016) | $3,554.93 | $380,630.13 |
New Jersey Allowance for Casinos in Two Additional Counties, Public Question 1 (2016) | $9,498,544.92 | $14,597,000.00 |
New Jersey Dedication of All Gas Tax Revenue to Transportation, Public Question 2 (2016) | $1,006,000.00 | $0.00 |
New Mexico Capital Expenditures for Higher, Special, and Tribal Education, Bond Question C (2016) | $299,980.27 | $0.00 |
New Mexico Capital Expenditures for Libraries, Bond Question B (2016) | $3,050.00 | $0.00 |
New Mexico Changes in Regulations Governing Bail, Constitutional Amendment 1 (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
New Mexico Public Safety Facilities, Bond Question D (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
New Mexico Senior Citizen Facilities, Bond Question A (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
North Carolina Connect NC Public Improvement Bond (March 2016) | $2,155,576.72 | $2,809.17 |
North Dakota Allocation of Oil Extraction Taxes, Constitutional Measure 2 (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
North Dakota Residency Requirement for State Legislators, Constitutional Measure 1 (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Oklahoma Death Penalty, State Question 776 (2016) | $0.00 | $21,323.00 |
Oklahoma Public Money for Religious Purposes, State Question 790 (2016) | $172,566.85 | $0.00 |
Oklahoma Regulations Governing the Sale of Wine and Beer, State Question 792 (2016) | $5,520,766.12 | $12,486.72 |
Oklahoma Right to Farm Amendment, State Question 777 (2016) | $1,701,745.34 | $2,466,687.50 |
Oregon Measure 94, Elimination of Mandatory Judicial Retirement Age Amendment (2016) | $2,121,316.44 | $0.00 |
Oregon Measure 95, Public University Diversification of Investments Amendment (2016) | $2,121,316.44 | $3,327.00 |
Oregon Measure 96, Portion of Lottery Proceeds for Support of Veterans Amendment (2016) | $2,121,316.44 | $0.00 |
Pennsylvania Judicial Retirement Age Amendment (2016) | $49,025.00 | $0.00 |
Pennsylvania Philadelphia Traffic Court Abolition Amendment, Proposed Constitutional Amendment 2 (April 2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Rhode Island Affordable Housing Bonds, Question 7 (2016) | $164,400.00 | $0.00 |
Rhode Island Environmental and Recreational Improvement Bonds, Question 6 (2016) | $4,459.27 | $0.00 |
Rhode Island Ethics Commission Amendment, Question 2 (2016) | $60,190.00 | $0.00 |
Rhode Island Higher Education Bonds, Question 4 (2016) | $405,000.00 | $0.00 |
Rhode Island Port Infrastructure Bonds, Question 5 (2016) | $439,654.80 | $0.00 |
Rhode Island Twin River Casino in Tiverton, Question 1 (2016) | $4,952,620.91 | $0.00 |
Rhode Island Veterans Home Bonds, Question 3 (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
South Dakota Governance of Technical Education Institutes, Constitutional Amendment R (2016) | $485,750.00 | $0.00 |
Utah Oath of Office, Amendment A (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Utah Property Tax Exemptions, Amendment C (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Utah School Funds Distribution, Amendment B (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Virginia Property Tax Exemption for Surviving Spouses of Police and Service Personnel Amendment, Question 2 (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Virginia Right to Work Amendment, Question 1 (2016) | $36,770.05 | $51,837.34 |
Washington Advancement of Date for Completion of Redistricting Plan, Senate Joint Resolution No. 8210 (2016) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Wyoming Investment of Funds in Equities, Constitutional Amendment A (2016) | $58,376.00 | $0.00 |

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2016 ballot measures

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Other|

State Ballot Measure Monthly reports • Features of official voter guides • Ballot measures cost per required signatures analysis • 2025 ballot measure campaign finance • 2025 ballot language readability analysis