Eleventh Amendment

The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign state.

Ratified 1795.

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This Amendment was proposed and ratified in swift response to an unpopular decision by the U.S. Supreme Court, Chisholm v. Georgia, 2 U.S. 419 (1793).

## Analysis[edit]

The scope of the Eleventh Amendment has been explained by the Second Circuit:

“  |  The immunity recognized by the Eleventh Amendment extends beyond the states themselves to "state agents and state instrumentalities" that are, effectively, arms of a state. Regents of the Univ. of Cal. v. Doe, 519 U.S. 425, 429, 117 S. Ct. 900, 137 L. Ed. 2d 55 (1997); see also McGinty v. New York, 251 F.3d 84, 95 (2d Cir. 2001). It does not, however, extend to "suits prosecuted against a municipal corporation or other governmental entity which is not an arm of the State." Alden v. Maine, 527 U.S. at 756; see also Board of Trustees v. Garrett, 531 U.S. 356, 369, 121 S. Ct. 955, 148 L. Ed. 2d 866 (2001). Thus, as this court has explained, a governmental entity is entitled to Eleventh Amendment immunity only if "it is more like 'an arm of the State,' such as a state agency, than like 'a municipal corporation or other political subdivision.'" Mancuso v. New York State Thruway Auth., 86 F.3d at 292 (quoting Mt. Healthy City Sch. Dist. Bd. of Educ. v. Doyle, 429 U.S. 274, 280, 97 S. Ct. 568, 50 L. Ed. 2d 471 (1977)).  |  ”

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Woods v. Rondout Valley Cent. Sch. Dist. Bd. of Educ., 466 F.3d 232, 236 (2d Cir. 2006).

> Amendments to the Constitution of the United States of America

> Bill of Rights:
>  1 \- Freedom of speech, press, religion, etc.
>  2 \- Right to bear arms
>  3 \- Quartering of soldiers
>  4 \- Warrants
>  5 \- Due process
>  6 \- Right to a speedy trial
>  7 \- Right by trial of a jury
>  8 \- No cruel or unusual punishments
>  9 \- Unenumerated rights
>  10 \- Power to the people and states

> * * *

> 11 \- Immunity of states to foreign suits
>  12 \- Revision of presidential election procedures
>  13 \- Abolition of slavery
>  14 \- Citizenship
>  15 \- Racial suffrage
>  16 \- Federal income tax
>  17 \- Direct election of the United States Senate
>  18 \- Prohibition of alcohol
>  19 \- Women's suffrage
>  20 \- Terms of the presidency
>  21 \- Repeal of Eighteenth Amendment
>  22 \- Limits the president to two terms
>  23 \- District of Columbia Voting for President
>  24 \- Prohibition of poll taxes
>  25 \- Presidential disabilities
>  26 \- Voting age lowered to 18
>  27 \- Variance of congressional compensation