Homosexuality and Parasites

Entamoeba histolytica has been recently recognized as an emerging sexually transmissible pathogen in men who have sex with men (MSM), causing sporadic outbreaks in countries where it is not endemic.[1]

Homosexuality
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homosexuality

Concerning homosexuality and parasites, anal sex can be an important risk factor for intestinal parasitism.[2]

The abstract for the 2017 Eurosurveillance journal article Outbreak of intestinal amoebiasis among men who have sex with men, Barcelona (Spain), October 2016 and January 2017 indicates: "Entamoeba histolytica has been recently recognised as an emerging sexually transmissible pathogen in men who have sex with men (MSM), causing sporadic outbreaks in countries where it is not endemic."[3]

In 2006, the The Medical Journal of Australia reported:

“  |  High rates of intestinal parasitism are found in MSM [men who have sex with men] throughout the world.

Amoebiasis has become endemic in MSM in Japan and causes significant morbidity and mortality; complications such as colitis and liver abscesses occur more frequently in homosexual and bisexual men than in heterosexual men. Similar findings on amoebiasis are reported from Taiwan, with MSM at increased risk for invasive amoebiasis and intestinal colonisation with E. histolytica.[4]

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In 2004, the medical journal Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery reported in the journal article Sexually Transmitted Parasitic Diseases:

“  |  Amebiasis is transmitted primarily by the fecal-oral route, most commonly from contaminated drinking water or by unsanitary food handling. E. histolytica is often found in the stool of homosexual men and is the most common intestinal parasite seen in gay communities throughout the world. Sexual behavior such as analingus or fellatio after anal-genital intercourse can lead to infection.[5] |  ”

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In 2001, The journal Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) published an article entitled Amebiasis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in which they declared:

“  |  While the overall prevalence of amebiasis is approximately 4% in the United States, certain high-risk groups have a much higher incidence of infection and disease. Prevalence of E. historylitica or E. dispar in the gay population of New York City and San Francisco approached 40-50% . Some Japanese literature also showed homosexual contact was an important risk factor for amebic infection.[6] |  ”

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In 1990 SD Wexner wrote in an article entitled Sexually transmitted diseases of the colon, rectum, and anus. The challenge of the nineties published in Diseases of the Colon and Rectum and the abstract for that article states: "....a host of parasites, bacterial, viral, and protozoan are all rampant in the homosexual population."[7]

A variety of colorectal disorders have been recognized among male homosexuals.

A wide variety of intestinal parasites have been recovered from the stools of homosexuals.[8]

In 1985, the peer reviewed medical journal Gut, which is an international medical journal for gastroenterology & hepatology, had an article entitled The Gay Bowel authored by I V Weller which stated the following: "Guardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica have long been regarded as 'exotic' organisms, but are 'hyperendemic' among gay men attending STD clinics with up to 20 excreting cysts."[9]

In 1985, the Medical Journal of Malaysia indicated in a journal entitled Gay men bowel syndrome: A report of parasitic infection in homosexual patients:

“  |  In recent years, a variety of colorectal disorders have been recognised among male homosexuals...

A wide variety of intestinal parasites have been recovered from stools of homosexuals. Amoebiasis has been reported as a common cause of diarrhoea in homosexuals. Its aetiologic agent, Entamoeba histotytics, is frequently found to be the cause of diarrhoea and crampy abdominal pain in travellers who have returned from areas where sanitary conditions are poor."[10]

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A 1980 article in the Canadian Medical Association Journal that discusses the subject of homosexuality and parasites stated the following in its abstract: "In a controlled study 67.5% of 200 homosexual men but only sixteen percent of 100 heterosexual men were found to be infected with intestinal parasites"...These findings suggest that the male homosexual community may be an important reservoir of potentially pathogenic protozoa."[11]

In addition, amebiasis‎ is a condition associated with gay bowel syndrome.[12]

## See also[edit]

* Homosexuality
* Homosexuality and health

## External links[edit]

* Parasites As Cofactors For AIDS \- excerpts from the work of Dr. Richard Bowman Pearce
* New parasitic disease among HIV-infected homosexual men \- Science Daily
* Gay men...Bowel syndrome: A report on parasitic infection in homosexual patients
* Pakianathan MR, McMillan A. Intestinal protozoa in homosexual men in Edinburgh. Int J STD AIDS. 1999;10(12):780-4.
* Esfandiari A, Swartz J, Teklehaimanot S. Clustering of giardiasis among AIDS patients in Los Angeles County. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 1997;43(7):1077-83.

## References[edit]

1. ↑ 'Outbreak of intestinal amoebiasis among men who have sex with men, Barcelona (Spain), October 2016 and January 2017, Eurosurveillance, 2017
2. ↑ Intestinal Parasitism among Homosexual Male, Sexuality and Disability by Viroj Wiwanitki, June 2006, Volume 24, Issue 2, pp 113–115
3. ↑ 'Outbreak of intestinal amoebiasis among men who have sex with men, Barcelona (Spain), October 2016 and January 2017, Eurosurveillance, 2017
4. ↑ Letter to the editor - Locally acquired infection with Entamoeba histolytica in men who have sex with men in Australia, Damien J Stark, Rashmi Fotedar, John T Ellis and John L Harkness, MJA 2006; 185 (8): 417
5. ↑ Sexually Transmitted Parasitic Diseases by Andrew A. Shelton, M.D., Colon Rectal Surgery. 2004 Nov; 17(4): 231–234.
6. ↑ Amano K, Takeuchi T., Amebiasis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Intern Med. 2001 Jul;40(7):563-4
7. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2242700&ordinalpos=4&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum
8. ↑ Gay men bowel syndrome: A report of parasitic infection in homosexual patients, Med. J. Malaysia Vol. 40 No. 4 1985
9. ↑ I V Weller, The gay bowel, Gut. 1985 September; 26(9): 869–875
10. ↑ [http://www.e-mjm.org/1985/v40n4/gay-men-bowel-syndrome.pdf Gay men bowel syndrome: A report of parasitic infection in homosexual patients Med. J. Malaysia Vol. 40 No. 4 1985
11. ↑ http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1704818
12. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=PubMed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=946385&ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlus