Isotopes of erbium

Short description: Nuclides with atomic number of 68 but with different mass numbers

Main isotopes of Chemistry:erbium (68Er) | Iso­tope | Decay

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| abun­dance | half-life (t1/2) | mode | pro­duct
160Er  | syn | 28.58 h  | ε | 160Ho
162Er  | 0.139%  | stable
164Er  | 1.601%  | stable
165Er  | syn  | 10.36 h  | ε  | 165Ho
166Er  | 33.503%  | stable
167Er  | 22.869%  | stable
168Er  | 26.978%  | stable
169Er  | syn  | 9.4 d  | β− | 169Tm
170Er  | 14.910%  | stable
171Er  | syn  | 7.516 h  | β− | 171Tm
172Er  | syn  | 49.3 h  | β− | 172Tm
Standard atomic weight Ar, standard(Er)|

* 167.259(3)[1]

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Naturally occurring erbium (68Er) is composed of 6 stable isotopes, with 166Er being the most abundant (33.503% natural abundance). 39 radioisotopes have been characterized with between 74 and 112 neutrons, or 142 to 180 nucleons, with the most stable being 169Er with a half-life of 9.4 days, 172Er with a half-life of 49.3 hours, 160Er with a half-life of 28.58 hours, 165Er with a half-life of 10.36 hours, and 171Er with a half-life of 7.516 hours. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 3.5 hours, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 4 minutes. This element also has numerous meta states, with the most stable being 167mEr (t1/2 2.269 seconds).

The isotopes of erbium range in atomic weight from 141.9723 u (142Er) to 176.9541 u (177Er). The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, 166Er, is electron capture, and the primary mode after is beta decay. The primary decay products before 166Er are holmium isotopes, and the primary products after are thulium isotopes. All isotopes of erbium are either radioactive or observationally stable, meaning that they are predicted to be radioactive but no actual decay has been observed.

## List of isotopes

Nuclide
[n 1] | Z | N | Isotopic mass (u)
[n 2][n 3] | Half-life
[n 4] | Decay
mode
[n 5] | Daughter
isotope
[n 6] | Spin and
parity
[n 7][n 4] | Physics:Natural abundance (mole fraction)

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Excitation energy[n 4] | Normal proportion  | Range of variation
142Er  | 68  | 74  | 141.97002(54)#  | 10# μs  | p | 141Ho  | 0+  |  |
143Er  | 68  | 75  | 142.96655(43)#  | 200# ms  | β+ | 143Ho  | 9/2−#  |  |
β+, p  | 142Dy
144Er  | 68  | 76  | 143.96070(21)#  | 400# ms [>200 ns]  | β+ | 144Ho  | 0+  |  |
145Er  | 68  | 77  | 144.95787(22)#  | 900(200) ms  | β+ | 145Ho  | 1/2+#  |  |
β+, p (rare)  | 144Dy
145mEr  | 205(4)# keV  | 1.0(3) s  | β+ | 145Ho  | (11/2-)  |  |
IT (rare)  | 145Er
β+, p (rare)  | 144Dy
146Er  | 68  | 78  | 145.952418(7)  | 1.7(6) s  | β+ | 146Ho  | 0+  |  |
β+, p (rare)  | 145Dy
147Er  | 68  | 79  | 146.94996(4)#  | 3.2(1.2) s  | β+ | 147Ho  | (1/2+)  |  |
β+, p (rare)  | 146Dy
147mEr  | 100(50)# keV  | 1.6(2) s  | β+ | 147Ho  | (11/2−)  |  |
β+, p (rare)  | 146Dy
148Er  | 68  | 80  | 147.944735(11)#  | 4.6(2) s  | β+ (99.85%)  | 148Ho  | 0+  |  |
β+, p (.15%)  | 147Dy
148mEr  | 2.9132(4) MeV  | 13(3) μs  | IT  | 148Er  | (10+)  |  |
149Er  | 68  | 81  | 148.94231(3)  | 4(2) s  | β+ (92.8%)  | 149Ho  | (1/2+)  |  |
β+, p (7.2%)  | 148Dy
149m1Er  | 741.8(2) keV  | 8.9(2) s  | β+ (96.5%)  | 149Ho  | (11/2−)  |  |
IT (3.5%)  | 149Er
β+, p (.18%)  | 148Dy
149m2Er  | 2.6111(3) MeV  | 0.61(8) μs  | IT  | 149Er  | (19/2+)  |  |
149m3Er  | 3.302(7) MeV  | 4.8(1) μs  | IT  | 149Er  | (27/2−)  |  |
150Er  | 68  | 82  | 149.937916(18)  | 18.5(7) s  | β+ | 150Ho  | 0+  |  |
150mEr  | 2.7965(5) MeV  | 2.55(10) μs  | IT  | 150Er  | 10+  |  |
151Er  | 68  | 83  | 150.937449(18)  | 23.5(20) s  | β+ | 151Ho  | (7/2−)  |  |
151m1Er  | 2.5860(5) MeV  | 580(20) ms  | IT (95.3%)  | 151Er  | (27/2−)  |  |
β+ (4.7%)  | 151Ho
151m2Er  | 10.2866(10) MeV  | 0.42(5) μs  | IT  | 151Er  | (65/2-, 61/2+)  |  |
152Er  | 68  | 84  | 151.935050(9)  | 10.3(1) s  | α (90%)  | 148Dy  | 0+  |  |
β+ (10%)  | 152Ho
153Er  | 68  | 85  | 152.935086(10)  | 37.1(2) s  | α (53%)  | 149Dy  | 7/2(−)  |  |
β+ (47%)  | 153Ho
153m1Er  | 2.7982(10) MeV  | 373(9) ns  | IT  | 153Er  | (27/2-)  |  |
153m2Er  | 5.2481(10) MeV  | 248(32) ns  | IT  | 153Er  | (41/2-)  |  |
154Er  | 68  | 86  | 153.932791(5)  | 3.73(9) min  | β+ (99.53%)  | 154Ho  | 0+  |  |
α (.47%)  | 150Dy
155Er  | 68  | 87  | 154.933216(7)  | 5.3(3) min  | β+ (99.978%)  | 155Ho  | 7/2−  |  |
α (.022%)  | 151Dy
156Er  | 68  | 88  | 155.931066(26)  | 19.5(10) min  | β+ | 156Ho  | 0+  |  |
α (1.2×10−5%)  | 152Dy
157Er  | 68  | 89  | 156.931923(28)  | 18.65(10) min  | β+ | 157Ho  | 3/2−  |  |
157mEr  | 155.4(3) keV  | 76(6) ms  | IT  | 157Er  | (9/2+)  |  |
158Er  | 68  | 90  | 157.929893(27)  | 2.29(6) h  | EC | 158Ho  | 0+  |  |
159Er  | 68  | 91  | 158.930691(4)  | 36(1) min  | β+ | 159Ho  | 3/2−  |  |
159m1Er  | 182.602(24) keV  | 337(14) ns  | IT  | 159Er  | 9/2+  |  |
159m2Er  | 429.05(3) keV  | 590(60) ns  | IT  | 159Er  | 11/2−  |  |
160Er  | 68  | 92  | 159.929077(26)  | 28.58(9) h  | EC  | 160Ho  | 0+  |  |
161Er  | 68  | 93  | 160.930004(9)  | 3.21(3) h  | β+ | 161Ho  | 3/2−  |  |
161mEr  | 396.44(4) keV  | 7.5(7) μs  | IT  | 161Er  | 11/2−  |  |
162Er  | 68  | 94  | 161\. 9287873(8)  | Observationally Stable[n 8] | 0+  | 0.00139(5)  |
162mEr  | 2.02601(13) MeV  | 88(16) ns  | IT  | 162Er | (7-)  |  |
163Er  | 68  | 95  | 162.930040(5)  | 75.0(4) min  | β+ | 163Ho  | 5/2−  |  |
163mEr  | 445.5(6) keV  | 580(100) ns  | IT  | 163Er  | (11/2−)  |  |
164Er  | 68  | 96  | 163.9292077(8)  | Observationally Stable[n 9] | 0+  | 0.01601(3)  |
165Er  | 68  | 97  | 164.9307335(10)  | 10.36(4) h  | EC  | 165Ho | 5/2−  |  |
165m1Er  | 551.3(6) keV  | 250(30)ns  | IT  | 165Er  | 11/2-  |  |
165m2Er  | 1.8230(6) MeV  | 370(40)ns  | IT  | 165Er  | (19/2)  |  |
166Er  | 68  | 98  | 165.9303011(4)  | Observationally Stable[n 10] | 0+  | 0.33503(36)  |
167Er  | 68  | 99  | 166.9320562(3)  | Observationally Stable[n 11] | 7/2+  | 0.22869(9)  |
167mEr  | 207.801(5) keV  | 2.269(6) s  | IT  | 167Er | 1/2−  |  |
168Er  | 68  | 100  | 167.93237828(28)  | Observationally Stable[n 12] | 0+  | 0.26978(18)  |
168mEr  | 1.0940383(16) MeV  | 109.0(7) ns  | IT  | 168Er | 4-  |  |
169Er  | 68  | 101  | 168.9345984(3)  | 9.392(18) d  | β− | 169Tm | 1/2−  |  |
169m1Er  | 92.05(10) keV  | 285(20) ns  | IT  | 169Er  | (5/2-)  |  |
169m2Er  | 243.69(17) keV  | 200(10) ns  | IT  | 169Er  | 7/2+  |  |
170Er  | 68  | 102  | 169.9354719(15)  | Observationally Stable[n 13] | 0+  | 0.14910(36)  |
171Er  | 68  | 103  | 170.93803746(15)  | 7.516(2) h  | β− | 171Tm  | 5/2−  |  |
171mEr  | 198.61(9) keV|  | 210(10) ns  | IT  | 171Er  | 1/2−  |  |
172Er  | 68  | 104  | 171.939363(4)  | 49.3(5) h  | β− | 172Tm  | 0+  |  |
172mEr  | 1.5009(3) MeV  | 579(62) ns  | IT  | 172Er  | (6+)  |  |
173Er  | 68  | 105  | 172.94240(21)#  | 1.434(17) min  | β− | 173Tm  | (7/2−)  |  |
174Er  | 68  | 106  | 173.94423(32)#  | 3.2(2) min  | β− | 174Tm  | 0+  |  |
174mEr  | 1.1115(7) MeV  | 3.9(3) s  | IT  | 174Er  | 8-  |  |
175Er  | 68  | 107  | 174.94777(43)#  | 1.2(3) min  | β− | 175Tm  | 9/2+#  |  |
176Er  | 68  | 108  | 175.94994(43)#  | 12# s (>300 ns)  | β− | 176Tm  | 0+  |  |
177Er  | 68  | 109  | 176.95399(54)#  | 8# s (>300 ns)  | β− | 177Tm  | 1/2−#  |  |
178Er  | 68  | 110  | 177.95678(64)#  | 4# s (>300 ns)  | β− | 178Tm  | 0+  |  |
179Er  | 68  | 111  | 178.96127(54)#  | 3# s (>550 ns)  | β− | 179Tm  | 3/2−#  |  |
β−, n | 178Tm
180Er  | 68  | 112  | 179.96438(54)#  | 2# s (>550 ns)  | β− | 180Tm  | 0+  |  |
β−, n | 179Tm

1. ↑ mEr - Excited nuclear isomer.
2. ↑ ( ) - Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
3. ↑ # - Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 # - Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
5. ↑ Modes of decay:  EC: | Electron capture

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IT: | Isomeric transition

p: | Proton emission
6. ↑ Bold symbol as daughter - Daughter product is stable.
7. ↑ ( ) spin value - Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
8. ↑ Believed to undergo α decay to 158Dy or β+β+ to 162Dy with a half-life over 140×1012 years
9. ↑ Believed to undergo α decay to 160Dy or β+β+ to 164Dy
10. ↑ Believed to undergo α decay to 162Dy
11. ↑ Believed to undergo α decay to 163Dy
12. ↑ Believed to undergo α decay to 164Dy
13. ↑ Believed to undergo α decay to 166Dy or β−β− to 170Yb with a half-life over 410×1015 years

## Erbium-169

The radioactive isotope erbium-169 is sometimes used in radiopharmaceuticals.

## References

1. ↑ Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.

* Isotope masses from:
* Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
* Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties". Chinese Physics C 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae. https://www-nds.iaea.org/amdc/ame2020/NUBASE2020.pdf.
* Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
* Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
* Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties". Chinese Physics C 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae. https://www-nds.iaea.org/amdc/ame2020/NUBASE2020.pdf.
* National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/.
* Lide, David R., ed (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

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* Table of nuclides
* Categories: Isotopes
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* Metastable isotopes
* Isotopes by element

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