Silurian hypothesis

Short description: Thought experiment to assess ability to detect evidence of a prior advanced civilization

The Silurian hypothesis is a thought experiment[1] which assesses modern science's ability to detect evidence of a prior advanced civilization, perhaps several million years ago.

## Contents

* 1 Explanation
* 2 In popular culture
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 Further reading
* 6 External links

## Explanation

In a 2018 paper, Adam Frank, an astrophysicist at the University of Rochester, and Gavin Schmidt, director of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies, imagined an advanced civilization before humans and pondered whether it would "be possible to detect an industrial civilization in the geological record".[2] They wrote, "While we strongly doubt that any previous industrial civilization existed before our own, asking the question in a formal way that articulates explicitly what evidence for such a civilization might look like raises its own useful questions related both to astrobiology and to Anthropocene studies."[2] The term "Silurian hypothesis" was inspired by the fictional species called the Silurians from the British television series Doctor Who.[1]

According to Frank and Schmidt, since fossilization is relatively rare and little of Earth's exposed surface is from before the Quaternary time period, the chances of finding direct evidence of such a civilization, such as technological artifacts, is small. After a great time span, the researchers concluded, contemporary humans would be more likely to find indirect evidence such as anomalies in the chemical composition or isotope ratios of sediments.[3] Objects that could indicate possible evidence of past civilizations include plastics and nuclear wastes residues buried deep underground or on the ocean floor.[2]

Prior civilizations could have gone to space and left artifacts on other celestial bodies, such as the Moon and Mars. Evidence for artifacts on these two worlds would be easier to find than on Earth, where erosion and tectonic activity would erase much of it.[4]

Frank first approached Schmidt to discuss how to detect alien civilizations via their potential impact upon climate through the study of ice cores and tree rings. They both realized that the hypothesis could be expanded and applied to Earth and humanity due to the fact that humans have been in their current form for the past 300,000 years and have had sophisticated technology for only the last few centuries.[5]

## In popular culture

Andre Norton's The Time Traders and later books discussed the idea that most physical evidence of ancient advanced civilizations on Earth could be removed in mere millennia by glaciers, volcanic eruptions and decay.[6]

Cixin Liu’s novel Of Ants and Dinosaurs depicts a cooperative civilization of intelligent ants and dinosaurs that existed immediately prior to the K-T extinction event.

In the Star Trek: Voyager episode "Distant Origin" features the Voth who descended from a species of dinosaur known as the hadrosaurs, of genus Parasaurolophus, and left earth before the K-T extinction.

## See also

* Ancient astronauts
* Out-of-place artifact
* Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum
* Permian mass extinction
* Xenoarchaeology

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Whitwam, Ryan (April 19, 2018). "Silurian Hypothesis: What If Humans Aren't the First Civilization on Earth?". https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/267855-silurian-hypothesis-what-if-humans-arent-the-first-civilization-on-earth.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Schmidt, Gavin A.; Frank, Adam (2019). "The Silurian Hypothesis: Would it be possible to detect an industrial civilization in the geological record?". International Journal of Astrobiology 18 (2): 142–150. doi:10.1017/S1473550418000095. Bibcode: 2019IJAsB..18..142S. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-astrobiology/article/silurian-hypothesis-would-it-be-possible-to-detect-an-industrial-civilization-in-the-geological-record/77818514AA6907750B8F4339F7C70EC6.
3. ↑ Choi, Charles Q. (April 21, 2018). "Could intelligent life have existed on Earth millions of years before humans?". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/could-intelligent-life-have-existed-on-earth-millions-of-years-before-humans/2018/04/20/9b13e7ac-433a-11e8-8569-26fda6b404c7_story.html.
4. ↑ "If we weren't the first industrial civilization on Earth, would we ever know?". April 20, 2018. https://www.technologyreview.com/s/610886/if-we-werent-the-first-industrial-civilization-on-earth-would-we-ever-know/.
5. ↑ Frank, Adam (2018-04-13). "Was There a Civilization On Earth Before Humans?". The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/04/are-we-earths-only-civilization/557180/. "A look at the available evidence".
6. ↑ Norton, Andre; Smith, Sherwood (1958). The Time Traders. Tor Books.

## Further reading

* Wright, Jason (30 Apr 2017). "Prior Indigenous Technological Species". International Journal of Astrobiology 17: 96–100. doi:10.1017/S1473550417000143.

## External links

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