HTML attribute

Short description: Special words used inside the opening tag to control the element's behaviour

Hypertext markup language attributes are special words used to adjust the behavior or display of an HTML element. An attribute either modifies the default functionality of an element type or provides functionality to certain element types unable to function correctly without them. In HTML syntax, an attribute is added to an HTML start tag.

Several basic attributes types have been recognized, including: (1) required attributes needed by a particular element type for that element type to function correctly; (2) optional attributes used to modify the default functionality of an element type; (3) standard attributes supported by many element types; and (4) event attributes used to cause element types to specify scripts to be run under specific circumstances.

Doctype HTML is a declaration that tells the browser what version of HTML the document is written in.

Some attribute types function differently when used to modify different element types. For example, the attribute name is used by several element types, but has slightly different functions in each.[1]

## Contents

* 1 Description
* 1.1 Common attributes
* 2 Varieties
* 3 Required and optional
* 3.1 Used by two elements
* 3.2 Used by multiple elements
* 4 Standard attributes
* 5 Event attributes
* 6 See also
* 7 References

## Description

HTML attributes generally appear as name–value pairs, separated by `=`, and are written within the start tag of an element, after the element's name:

<element attribute="value">element content</element>

Where `element` names the HTML element type, and `attribute` is the name of the attribute, set to the provided `value`. The value may be enclosed in single or double quotes, although values consisting of certain characters can be left unquoted in HTML (but not XHTML).[2][3] Leaving attribute values unquoted is considered unsafe.[4]

Although most attributes are provided as paired names and values, some affect the element simply by their presence in the start tag of the element[5] (like the `ismap` attribute for the `img` element[6]).

The abbreviation element, `abbr`, can be used to demonstrate these various attributes:

<abbr id="anId" class="aClass" style="color:blue;" title="Hypertext Markup Language">HTML</abbr>

This example displays as HTML in blue without being a link, and in most browsers, pointing the cursor at the abbreviation should display the title text "Hypertext Markup Language" within a floating yellow background (tooltip).

<div style="text-align: center;">Centered text</div>

In this other example, your text will look like this:

Centered text

Most elements also take the language-related attributes `lang` and `dir`.

### Common attributes

Usually, HTML elements can take any of several most common standard attributes (See the complete list):

* The `id` attribute provides a document-wide unique identifier for an element.[7][8][9] This can be used as CSS selector to provide presentational properties, by browsers to focus attention on the specific element, or by scripts to alter the contents or presentation of an element. Appended to the URL of the page, the URL directly targets the specific element within the document, typically a sub-section of the page. For example, the ID "Attributes" in `http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML#Attributes` (to refer to the section "Attributes" in the "HTML" page).
* The `class` attribute provides a way of classifying similar elements. Multiple class names can be added by separating them with spaces.[10][11] Semantically, for example, classes are used in microformats. Additionally authors of style sheets can construct selectors that match elements by class for styling purposes. For example, a HTML document might use the designation `class="notation"` to indicate that all elements with this class value are subordinate to the main text of the document. Such elements might be gathered together as footnotes on a page—instead of appearing in the place suggested by their position within the HTML source. The style sheet author might also define a rule with the `.notation` selector and define the property `font-size: small;`.
* The `style` attribute provides a way of applying element-specific style rules. Multiple style declarations can be added by separating them with semicolons and an optional space, where each declaration includes a CSS property name and a value separated by a colon and an optional space (Example: `style="color: red; text-align: center;"`).[12][13][14] The `style` attribute can be used on any HTML element (it will validate on any HTML element; however, it is not necessarily useful). It is considered better practice to add the style information to a style sheet, often accomplished with selectors that match the element class or ID. Sometimes, however, inline styles are favored where style sheets are considered too cumbersome for a simple and specific or ad hoc style specification.
* The `title` attribute is used to attach subtextual explanation to an element. In most browsers this attribute is displayed as what is often referred to as a tooltip.

## Varieties

HTML attributes are generally classified as required attributes, optional attributes, standard attributes, and event attributes:

* Usually the required and optional attributes modify specific HTML elements
* While the standard attributes can be applied to most HTML elements.[15]
* Event attributes, added in HTML version 4, allow an element to specify scripts to be run under specific circumstances.[16]

## Required and optional

### Used by two elements

* Template:MDNHTMLRef and Template:MDNHTMLRef:
* coords — coordinates of an Template:MDNHTMLRef or a Template:MDNHTMLRef within it.
* shape — shape of an Template:MDNHTMLRef or a Template:MDNHTMLRef within it. Values: default, rect, circle, poly.
* Template:MDNHTMLRef and Template:MDNHTMLRef:
* hreflang — Language code of the linked document. (Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef)
* rel — Nature of the linked document (relative to the page currently displayed). Free text for Template:MDNHTMLRef, but Template:MDNHTMLRef uses a set of terms (alternate, appendix, bookmark, chapter, contents, copyright, glossary, help, home, index, next, prev, section, start, stylesheet, subsection).
* rev — Nature of the currently displayed page (relative to the linked document). Varies for Template:MDNHTMLRef and Template:MDNHTMLRef as for rel.
* Template:MDNHTMLRef and Template:MDNHTMLRef:
* archive — archive URL(s) (Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef)
* codebase — base URL (Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef)
* Template:MDNHTMLRef and Template:MDNHTMLRef:
* color — text color (deprecated) (Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef)
* face — font family (deprecated) (Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef)
* Template:MDNHTMLRef and Template:MDNHTMLRef:
* span — number of columns spanned (Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef)
* Template:MDNHTMLRef and Template:MDNHTMLRef:
* datetime — date and time of text Template:MDNHTMLRef or Template:MDNHTMLRef.
* Template:MDNHTMLRef and Template:MDNHTMLRef:
* accept — types of files accepted when uploading Template:MDNHTMLRef or Template:MDNHTMLRef
* Template:MDNHTMLRef and Template:MDNHTMLRef:
* frameborder — value (0 or 1) specifies whether to display a border around the Template:MDNHTMLRef or Template:MDNHTMLRef.
* marginheight — top and bottom margins in pixels around the Template:MDNHTMLRef or Template:MDNHTMLRef.
* scrolling — value (yes, no, auto) specifies whether to display scroll bars around the Template:MDNHTMLRef or Template:MDNHTMLRef.
* marginwidth — left and right margins in pixels around the Template:MDNHTMLRef or Template:MDNHTMLRef.
* Template:MDNHTMLRef and Template:MDNHTMLRef:
* cols — number of visible columns in Template:MDNHTMLRef or Template:MDNHTMLRef (some variation)
* rows — number of visible rows in Template:MDNHTMLRef or Template:MDNHTMLRef (some variation)
* Template:MDNHTMLRef and Template:MDNHTMLRef:
* usemap — specifies name of a map element to use with Template:MDNHTMLRef -or- URL of an image-map to use with Template:MDNHTMLRef.
* Template:MDNHTMLRef and Template:MDNHTMLRef:
* readonly — specifies read-only text for Template:MDNHTMLRef and Template:MDNHTMLRef.
* Template:MDNHTMLRef and Template:MDNHTMLRef:
* media — specifies display device for Template:MDNHTMLRef and Template:MDNHTMLRef. Values: all, aural, braille, handheld, print, projection, screen, tty, TV.
* Template:MDNHTMLRef and Template:MDNHTMLRef:
* label — description text for an Template:MDNHTMLRef or Template:MDNHTMLRef.
* Template:MDNHTMLRef and Template:MDNHTMLRef:
* abbr — abbreviated version of a table Template:MDNHTMLRef or Template:MDNHTMLRef.
* axis — category name for a table Template:MDNHTMLRef or Template:MDNHTMLRef.
* colspan — number of columns spanned by a table Template:MDNHTMLRef or Template:MDNHTMLRef.
* nowrap — (deprecated) prevents wrapping of a table Template:MDNHTMLRef or Template:MDNHTMLRef.
* rowspan — number of rows spanned by a table Template:MDNHTMLRef or Template:MDNHTMLRef.
* scope — no effect on normal browser display, but marks a table Template:MDNHTMLRef or Template:MDNHTMLRef as a logical header for other cells. Values: col, colgroup, row, rowgroup.

### Used by multiple elements

* align — Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef

* align also deprecated in Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef to Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef

* alt — Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef
* bgcolor — Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef
* border — Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef
* char — Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef
* charoff — Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef
* charset — Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef
* cite — Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef
* compact — Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef
* disabled — Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef
* height — Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef . Also deprecated in Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef
* href — Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef
* hspace — Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef. Also deprecated in Template:MDNHTMLRef
* longdesc — Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef
* name — Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef
* size — Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef
* src — Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef
* target — Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef
* type — Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef
* valign — Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef
* value — Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef
* vspace — Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef
* width — Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef, Template:MDNHTMLRef

## Standard attributes

Standard attributes are also known as global attributes, and function with a large number of elements.[17] They include the basic standard attributes: these include accesskey, class, contenteditable, contextmenu, data, dir, hidden, id, lang, style, tabindex, title. There are also some experimental ones. Both xml:lang and xml:base have been deprecated. The multiple aria-* attributes improve accessibility.[17] The event handler attributes are listed later on.

Technically all standard attributes must be accepted by all elements, though they will not function with some elements.[18] The table below lists some common standard attributes, and some elements they can function with.

Element  | id  | class  | style  | title  | dir  | lang  | xml:lang  | accesskey  | tabindex

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## Event attributes

The standard attributes include the event handler attributes. They are all prefixed on-:[17]

* onabort
* onautocomplete
* onautocompleteerror
* onblur
* oncancel
* oncanplay
* oncanplaythrough
* onchange
* onclick
* onclose
* oncontextmenu
* oncuechange
* ondblclick
* ondrag
* ondragend
* ondragenter
* ondragexit
* ondragleave
* ondragover
* ondragstart
* ondrop
* ondurationchange
* onemptied
* onended
* onerror
* onfocus
* oninput
* oninvalid
* onkeydown
* onkeypress
* onkeyup
* onload
* onloadeddata
* onloadedmetadata
* onloadstart
* onmousedown
* onmouseenter
* onmouseleave
* onmousemove
* onmouseout
* onmouseover
* onmouseup
* onmousewheel
* onpause
* onplay
* onplaying
* onprogress
* onratechange
* onreset
* onresize
* onscroll
* onseeked
* onseeking
* onselect
* onshow
* onsort
* onstalled
* onsubmit
* onsuspend
* ontimeupdate
* ontoggle
* onvolumechange
* onwaiting

Event attributes, added in HTML version 4, allow an element to specify scripts to be run under specific circumstances. The table below lists some common event handler attributes, and some elements they can function with.

Element  | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header".

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## See also

* HTML element

## References

1. ↑ "Index of the HTML 4 Attributes". W3C. http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/index/attributes.html.
2. ↑ "On SGML and HTML". World Wide Web Consortium. http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/intro/sgmltut.html#h-3.2.2.
3. ↑ "XHTML 1.0 – Differences with HTML 4". World Wide Web Consortium. http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/diffs.html#h-4.4.
4. ↑ Korpela, Jukka (July 6, 1998). "Why attribute values should always be quoted in HTML". Cs.tut.fi. https://jkorpela.fi/qattr.html.
5. ↑ "Tags used in HTML". World Wide Web Consortium. November 3, 1992. http://www.w3.org/History/19921103-hypertext/hypertext/WWW/MarkUp/Tags.html.
6. ↑ "Objects, Images, and Applets in HTML documents". World Wide Web Consortium. December 24, 1999. http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224/struct/objects.html#adef-ismap.
7. ↑ However, multiple identifiers may apply to the same element; in particular an element may be inside another element, each having an identifier.
8. ↑ "HTML id". https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_id.asp.
9. ↑ "HTML Global id Attribute". https://www.w3schools.com/tags/att_global_id.asp.
10. ↑ "HTML Classes". https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_classes.asp.
11. ↑ "HTML Global class Attribute". https://www.w3schools.com/tags/att_global_class.asp.
12. ↑ "HTML Styles". https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_styles.asp.
13. ↑ "HTML Global style Attribute". https://www.w3schools.com/tags/att_global_style.asp.
14. ↑ "CSS Syntax". https://www.w3schools.com/Css/css_syntax.asp.
15. ↑ "HTML Global Attributes". W3Schools. https://www.w3schools.com/tags/ref_standardattributes.asp.
16. ↑ "HTML Event Attributes". W3Schools. https://www.w3schools.com/tags/ref_eventattributes.asp.
17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 "Global attributes – HTML (HyperText Markup Language)". https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes.
18. ↑ "HTML reference – HTML (HyperText Markup Language)". https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference.

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