Phthisis bulbi

Phthisis bulbi of the person's right eye due to complication of eye surgery
Symptoms| Shrunken eye with little or no function
Causes| Eye surgery
Risk factors| Eye injury, Eye surgery, eye disease
Prevention| By treating the condition before the eye goes to pthisis
Treatment| Surgery
Prognosis| Usually permanent blindness in affected eye
Deaths| 0

Phthisis bulbi is a shrunken,[1] non-functional eye. It may result from severe eye disease, inflammation[2] or injury, or it may represent a complication of eye surgery.[3] Treatment options include insertion of a prosthesis, which may be preceded by enucleation of the eye.[4][5]

## Contents

* 1 Symptoms and signs
* 2 Causes
* 3 Diagnosis
* 3.1 Differential diagnosis
* 4 Treatment
* 5 References
* 6 External links

## Symptoms and signs[edit | edit source]

The affected eye is shrunken, and has little to no vision. The intraocular pressure in the affected eye is very low or nonexistent. The layers in the eye may be fused together, thickened, or edematous. The eyelids may be glued shut. The eye may be soft when palpated.[6] Under a microscope there may be deposits of calcium or bone, and the cornea is often affected by cataracts.[7]

## Causes[edit | edit source]

It can be caused by injury, including burns to the eye, or long-term eye disease or inflammation. End-stage glaucoma can cause it. It can often complicate eye surgery.[6] Other common causes include cancer, retinal detachment, vascular lesions, infection, and inflammation.[7]

## Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

### Differential diagnosis[edit | edit source]

The DDx of this ocular condition is based on the following:[8]

* Retinoblastoma
* Malignant uveal melanoma
* Microphthalmos
* Microcornea

## Treatment[edit | edit source]

a and b) Right atrophia bulbi, preoperative c) intraoperative picture after fashioning the scleral flaps d) postoperative, after fitting of the prosthesis

Treatment for the affected eye is often futile. Usually, treatment is to end the pain in the affected eye and for cosmetic purposes, not to restore vision.[7]

It can be removed, a procedure called enucleation of the eye. Sometimes, though, it is possible to transplant only parts of the eye, and some vision can be restored.[6]

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ Dornblüth, von Willibald Pschyrembel. Gegr. von Otto (1977). Klinisches Wörterbuch : mit klinischen Syndromen und einem Anhang Nomina Anatomica (253., um einen Anh. 'Nomina anatomica' erw. Aufl. ed.). Berlin [u.a.]: de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-007018-7.
2. ↑ Hui JI (September 2010). "Outcomes of orbital implants after evisceration and enucleation in patients with endophthalmitis". Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 21 (5): 375–9. doi:10.1097/ICU.0b013e32833b7a56. PMID 20489621.
3. ↑ Apple DJ, Jones GR, Reidy JJ, Loftfield K (1985). "Ocular perforation and phthisis bulbi secondary to strabismus surgery". J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 22 (5): 184–7. PMID 4045647.
4. ↑ Cote RE, Haddad SE (1990). "Fitting a prosthesis over phthisis bulbi or discolored blind eyes". Adv Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 8: 136–45. PMID 2248703.
5. ↑ Soares IP, França VP (May 2010). "Evisceration and enucleation". Semin Ophthalmol. 25 (3): 94–7. doi:10.3109/08820538.2010.488575. PMID 20590419.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Dohlman CH, D'Amico DJ (January 1999). "Can an eye in phthisis be rehabilitated? A case of improved vision with 1-year follow-up". Arch Ophthalmol. 117 (1): 123–4. doi:10.1001/archopht.117.1.123. PMID 9930175.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Tripathy K, Chawla R, Temkar S, Sagar P, Kashyap S, Pushker N, Sharma YR (2018). "Phthisis Bulbi-a Clinicopathological Perspective". Semin Ophthalmol. 33 (6): 788–803. doi:10.1080/08820538.2018.1477966. PMID 29902388.
8. ↑ "Phthisis bulbi - EyeWiki". www.eyewiki.org. Archived from the original on 15 July 2022. Retrieved 22 July 2022.

## External links[edit | edit source]

Classification|

* ICD-10: H44.5
* ICD-9-CM: 360.41

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* v
* t
* e

* Diseases of the human eye

Adnexa

| Eyelid|

| Inflammation|

* Stye
* Chalazion
* Blepharitis
* Meibomian gland dysfunction

|

* Entropion
* Ectropion
* Lagophthalmos
* Blepharochalasis
* Ptosis
* Blepharophimosis
* Xanthelasma
* Ankyloblepharon

Eyelash|

* Trichiasis
* Madarosis

Lacrimal apparatus|

* Dacryoadenitis
* Epiphora
* Dacryocystitis
* Xerophthalmia

Orbit|

* Exophthalmos
* Enophthalmos
* Orbital cellulitis
* Orbital lymphoma
* Periorbital cellulitis

Conjunctiva|

* Conjunctivitis
* allergic
* Pterygium
* Pseudopterygium
* Pinguecula
* Subconjunctival hemorrhage

Globe

| Fibrous tunic|

| Sclera|

* Scleritis
* Episcleritis

|

Cornea|

* Keratitis
* herpetic
* acanthamoebic
* fungal
* Exposure
* Photokeratitis
* Corneal ulcer
* Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy
* Corneal dystrophy
* Fuchs'
* Meesmann
* Corneal ectasia
* Keratoconus
* Pellucid marginal degeneration
* Keratoglobus
* Terrien's marginal degeneration
* Post-LASIK ectasia
* Keratoconjunctivitis
* sicca
* Corneal opacity
* Corneal neovascularization
* Kayser–Fleischer ring
* Haab's striae
* Arcus senilis
* Band keratopathy

Vascular tunic|

* Iris
* Ciliary body

* Uveitis
* Intermediate uveitis
* Hyphema
* Rubeosis iridis
* Persistent pupillary membrane
* Iridodialysis
* Synechia

|

Choroid|

* Choroideremia
* Choroiditis
* Chorioretinitis
* Focal choroidal excavation
* Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy

Lens|

* Cataract
* Congenital cataract
* Childhood cataract
* Aphakia
* Ectopia lentis

Retina|

* Retinitis
* Chorioretinitis
* Cytomegalovirus retinitis
* Retinal detachment
* Retinoschisis
* Ocular ischemic syndrome / Central retinal vein occlusion
* Central retinal artery occlusion
* Branch retinal artery occlusion
* Retinopathy
* diabetic
* hypertensive
* Purtscher's
* of prematurity
* Bietti's crystalline dystrophy
* Coats' disease
* Sickle cell
* Macular degeneration
* Retinitis pigmentosa
* Retinal haemorrhage
* Central serous retinopathy
* Macular edema
* Epiretinal membrane (Macular pucker)
* Vitelliform macular dystrophy
* Leber's congenital amaurosis
* Birdshot chorioretinopathy

Other|

* Glaucoma / Ocular hypertension / Primary juvenile glaucoma
* Floater
* Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy
* Ocular hypotony
* Red eye
* Globe rupture
* Keratomycosis
* Phthisis bulbi
* Persistent fetal vasculature / Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous
* Persistent tunica vasculosa lentis
* Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy

Pathways

| Optic nerve
Optic disc|

* Optic neuritis
* optic papillitis
* Papilledema
* Foster Kennedy syndrome
* Optic atrophy
* Optic disc drusen

Optic neuropathy|

* Ischemic
* anterior (AION)
* posterior (PION)
* Kjer's
* Leber's hereditary
* Toxic and nutritional

Strabismus
Extraocular muscles
Binocular vision
Accommodation|

| Paralytic strabismus|

* Ophthalmoparesis
* Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia
* Kearns–Sayre syndrome

palsies|

* Oculomotor (III)
* Fourth-nerve (IV)
* Sixth-nerve (VI)

Other strabismus|

* Esotropia / Exotropia
* Hypertropia
* Heterophoria
* Esophoria
* Exophoria
* Cyclotropia
* Brown's syndrome
* Duane syndrome

Other binocular|

* Conjugate gaze palsy
* Convergence insufficiency
* Internuclear ophthalmoplegia
* One and a half syndrome

Refraction|

* Refractive error
* Hyperopia
* Myopia
* Astigmatism
* Anisometropia / Aniseikonia
* Presbyopia

Vision disorders
Blindness|

* Amblyopia
* Leber's congenital amaurosis
* Diplopia
* Scotoma
* Color blindness
* Achromatopsia
* Dichromacy
* Monochromacy
* Nyctalopia
* Oguchi disease
* Blindness / Vision loss / Visual impairment

Anopsia|

* Hemianopsia
* binasal
* bitemporal
* homonymous
* Quadrantanopia

subjective|

* Asthenopia
* Hemeralopia
* Photophobia
* Scintillating scotoma

Pupil|

* Anisocoria
* Argyll Robertson pupil
* Marcus Gunn pupil
* Adie syndrome
* Miosis
* Mydriasis
* Cycloplegia
* Parinaud's syndrome

Other|

* Nystagmus
* Childhood blindness

Infections

* Trachoma
* Onchocerciasis

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