Cubitus varus

Cubitus varus versus cubitus valgus
Specialty| Rheumatology, medical genetics

Cubitus varus is a varus deformity in which the extended forearm is deviated towards midline of the body.

Cubitus varus is often referred to as "Gunstock deformity", due to the crooked nature of the healing.[1][2]

The "opposite" condition is cubitus valgus.

## Contents

* 1 Signs and symptoms
* 1.1 Complications
* 2 Causes
* 3 Diagnosis
* 4 Prognosis
* 5 References
* 6 External links

## Signs and symptoms[edit | edit source]

### Complications[edit | edit source]

Instances in which the medial epicondyle of the distal humerus is malformed due to the initial fracture at the humeral endplate may result in subluxation (snapping) of the ulnar nerve over the medial epicondyle with active flexion and extension of the elbow. In such instances, conductance of the ulnar nerve may be compromised due to chronic irritation, potentially resulting in irreversible ulnar neuropathy.

## Causes[edit | edit source]

A common cause is a supracondylar fracture of the humerus. It can be corrected via a corrective osteotomy of the humerus and either internal or external fixation of the bone until union.[3]

## Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Refracture image shows a lateral condyle fracture with cubitus varus.

Cubitus varus is not able to be diagnosed until after healing of the prior fracture, as the arm must be in full extension, not flexion, for the deformity to be noticed.[citation needed]

## Prognosis[edit | edit source]

A cubitus varus deformity is more cosmetic than limiting of any function,[4] however internal rotation of the radius over the ulna may be limited due to the overgrowth of the humerus. This may be noticeable during an activity such as using a computer mouse.[citation needed]

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ "Medcyclopaedia - Gunstock deformity". Archived from the original on 2012-02-07. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
2. ↑ Stimson LA (Sep 1900). "I. Cubitus Varus; or, "Gunstock" Deformity following Fracture of the Lower End of the Humerus". Ann. Surg. 32 (3): 301–8. doi:10.1097/00000658-190007000-00021. PMC 1425131. PMID 17860875.
3. ↑ Rüdiger Döhler: Suprakondyläre Korrekturosteotomie beim posttraumatischen Cubitus varus. Unfallchirurg 105 (2002), p. 397-400
4. ↑ "Cubitus Varus - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics". Archived from the original on 2019-08-31. Retrieved 2008-02-25.

## External links[edit | edit source]

Classification|

* ICD-10: M21.1, Q68.8
* ICD-9-CM: 736.02, 755.59

|

* v
* t
* e

Acquired musculoskeletal deformities (M20–M25, M95, 734–738)

Upper limb|

| shoulder|

* Winged scapula
* Adhesive capsulitis
* Rotator cuff tear
* Subacromial bursitis

|

elbow|

* Cubitus valgus
* Cubitus varus

hand deformity|

* Wrist drop
* Boutonniere deformity
* Swan neck deformity
* Mallet finger
* Finger dislocation

Lower limb|

| hip|

* Protrusio acetabuli
* Coxa valga
* Coxa vara

|

leg|

* Unequal leg length

patella|

* Luxating patella
* Chondromalacia patellae
* Patella baja
* Patella alta

foot deformity|

* Bunion/hallux valgus
* Hallux varus
* Hallux rigidus
* Hammer toe
* Foot drop
* Flat feet
* Club foot

knee|

* Genu recurvatum

Head|

* Cauliflower ear

General terms|

* Valgus deformity/Varus deformity
* Joint stiffness
* Ligamentous laxity

* v
* t
* e

Bone and joint disease

Bone|

| Inflammation|

| endocrine:|

* Osteitis fibrosa cystica
* Brown tumor

|

infection:|

* Osteomyelitis
* Sequestrum
* Involucrum
* Sesamoiditis
* Brodie abscess
* Periostitis
* Vertebral osteomyelitis

Metabolic|

* Bone density
* Osteoporosis
* Juvenile
* Osteopenia
* Osteomalacia
* Paget's disease of bone
* Hypophosphatasia

Bone resorption|

* Osteolysis
* Hajdu–Cheney syndrome
* Ainhum
* Gorham's disease

Other|

* Ischaemia
* Avascular necrosis
* Osteonecrosis of the jaw
* Complex regional pain syndrome
* Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy
* Nonossifying fibroma
* Pseudarthrosis
* Stress fracture
* Fibrous dysplasia
* Monostotic
* Polyostotic
* Skeletal fluorosis
* bone cyst
* Aneurysmal bone cyst
* Hyperostosis
* Infantile cortical hyperostosis
* Osteosclerosis
* Melorheostosis
* Pycnodysostosis

Joint|

| Chondritis|

* Costochondritis
* Relapsing polychondritis

|

Other|

* Slipping rib syndrome
* Tietze syndrome

Combined|

| Osteochondritis|

* Osteochondritis dissecans

|

Child|

| leg:|

* hip
* Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome
* tibia
* Osgood–Schlatter disease
* Blount's disease
* foot
* Köhler disease
* Sever's disease

|

spine|

*     * Scheuermann's_disease

arm:|

* wrist
* Kienböck's disease
* elbow
* Panner disease

* v
* t
* e

Congenital malformations and deformations of musculoskeletal system / musculoskeletal abnormality

Appendicular
limb / dysmelia|

| Arms|

| clavicle / shoulder|

* Cleidocranial dysostosis
* Sprengel's deformity
* Wallis–Zieff–Goldblatt syndrome

|

hand deformity|

* Madelung's deformity
* Clinodactyly
* Oligodactyly
* Polydactyly

Leg|

| hip|

* Hip dislocation / Hip dysplasia
* Upington disease
* Coxa valga
* Coxa vara

|

knee|

* Genu valgum
* Genu varum
* Genu recurvatum
* Discoid meniscus
* Congenital patellar dislocation
* Congenital knee dislocation

foot deformity|

* varus
* Club foot
* Pigeon toe
* valgus
* Flat feet
* Pes cavus
* Rocker bottom foot
* Hammer toe

Either / both|

| fingers and toes|

* Polydactyly / Syndactyly
* Webbed toes
* Arachnodactyly
* Cenani–Lenz syndactylism
* Ectrodactyly
* Brachydactyly
* Stub thumb

|

reduction deficits / limb|

* Acheiropodia
* Ectromelia
* Phocomelia
* Amelia
* Hemimelia

multiple joints|

* Arthrogryposis
* Larsen syndrome
* RAPADILINO syndrome

Axial|

| Skull and face|

| Craniosynostosis|

* Scaphocephaly
* Oxycephaly
* Trigonocephaly

|

Craniofacial dysostosis|

* Crouzon syndrome
* Hypertelorism
* Hallermann–Streiff syndrome
* Oto-palato-digital syndrome
* Treacher Collins syndrome

other|

* Macrocephaly
* Platybasia
* Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia
* Dolichocephaly
* Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome
* Plagiocephaly
* Saddle nose

Vertebral column|

* Spinal curvature
* Scoliosis
* Klippel–Feil syndrome
* Spondylolisthesis
* Spina bifida occulta
* Sacralization

Thoracic skeleton|

| ribs:|

* Cervical
* Bifid

|

sternum:|

* Pectus excavatum
* Pectus carinatum

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