Ras superfamily

Short description: Protein superfamily of small GTPases

H-Ras structure PDB 121p, surface colored by conservation in Pfam seed alignment: gold, most conserved; dark cyan, least conserved.

Identifiers
Symbol| Ras
Pfam| PF00071
InterPro| IPR013753
PROSITE| PDOC00017
SCOP2| 5p21 / SCOPe / SUPFAM
CDD| cd00882
Membranome| 206
| Available protein structures:

Pfam | structures / ECOD
PDB| RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum| structure summary

The Ras superfamily, derived from "Rat sarcoma virus", is a protein superfamily of small GTPases.[1] Members of the superfamily are divided into families and subfamilies based on their structure, sequence and function. The five main families are Ras, Rho, Ran, Rab and Arf GTPases.[2] The Ras family itself is further divided into 6 subfamilies: Ras, Ral, Rap, Rheb, Rad and Rit. Miro is a recent contributor to the superfamily. Each subfamily shares the common core G domain, which provides essential GTPase and nucleotide exchange activity.

The surrounding sequence helps determine the functional specificity of the small GTPase, for example the 'Insert Loop', common to the Rho subfamily, specifically contributes to binding to effector proteins such as WASP.

In general, the Ras family is responsible for cell proliferation: Rho for cell morphology, Ran for nuclear transport, and Rab and Arf for vesicle transport.[3]

## Subfamilies and members

The following is a list of human proteins belonging to the Ras superfamily:[1]

Overview  Subfamily | Function | Members

|
|

Ras | cell proliferation[3] | DIRAS1; DIRAS2; DIRAS3; ERAS; GEM; HRAS; KRAS; MRAS; NKIRAS1; NKIRAS2; NRAS; RALA; RALB; RAP1A; RAP1B; RAP2A; RAP2B; RAP2C; RASD1; RASD2; RASL10A; RASL10B; RASL11A; RASL11B; RASL12; REM1; REM2; RERG; RERGL; RRAD; RRAS; RRAS2
Rho  | cytoskeletal dynamics/morphology[3] | RHOA; RHOB; RHOBTB1; RHOBTB2; RHOBTB3; RHOC; RHOD; RHOF; RHOG; RHOH; RHOJ; RHOQ; RHOU; RHOV; RND1; RND2; RND3; RAC1; RAC2; RAC3; CDC42
Rab | membrane trafficking  | RAB1A; RAB1B; RAB2; RAB3A; RAB3B; RAB3C; RAB3D; RAB4A; RAB4B; RAB5A; RAB5B; RAB5C; RAB6A; RAB6B; RAB6C; RAB7A; RAB7B; RAB7L1; RAB8A; RAB8B; RAB9; RAB9B; RABL2A; RABL2B; RABL4; RAB10; RAB11A; RAB11B; RAB12; RAB13; RAB14; RAB15; RAB17; RAB18; RAB19; RAB20; RAB21; RAB22A; RAB23; RAB24; RAB25; RAB26; RAB27A; RAB27B; RAB28; RAB2B; RAB30; RAB31; RAB32; RAB33A; RAB33B; RAB34; RAB35; RAB36; RAB37; RAB38; RAB39; RAB39B; RAB40A; RAB40AL; RAB40B; RAB40C; RAB41; RAB42; RAB43
Rap  | cellular adhesion  | RAP1A; RAP1B; RAP2A; RAP2B; RAP2C
Arf | vesicular transport[3] | ARF1; ARF3; ARF4; ARF5; ARF6; ARL1; ARL2; ARL3; ARL4; ARL5; ARL5C; ARL6; ARL7; ARL8; ARL9; ARL10A; ARL10B; ARL10C; ARL11; ARL13A; ARL13B; ARL14; ARL15; ARL16; ARL17; TRIM23, ARL4D; ARFRP1; ARL13B
Ran  | nuclear transport | RAN
Rheb  | mTOR pathway  | RHEB; RHEBL1
RGK  |  | RRAD; GEM; REM; REM2
Rit |  | RIT1; RIT2
Miro | mitochondrial transport  | RHOT1; RHOT2

Unclassified:

* ARHGAP5
* DNAJC27
* GRLF1
* RASEF

## See also

* Ras subfamily

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "The Ras superfamily at a glance". J. Cell Sci. 118 (Pt 5): 843–6. March 2005. doi:10.1242/jcs.01660. PMID 15731001.
2. ↑ Goitre, L; Trapani, E; Trabalzini, L; Retta, SF (26 December 2013). The Ras superfamily of small GTPases: the unlocked secrets.. Methods in Molecular Biology. 1120. pp. 1–18. doi:10.1007/978-1-62703-791-4_1. ISBN 978-1-62703-790-7.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "Molecular cloning and expression of a G25K cDNA, the human homolog of the yeast cell cycle gene CDC42". Mol Cell Biol 10 (11): 5977–82. 1990. doi:10.1128/MCB.10.11.5977. ISSN 0270-7306. PMID 2122236.

* v
* t
* e

Hydrolases: acid anhydride hydrolases (EC 3.6)

3.6.1|

* Pyrophosphatase
* Inorganic
* Thiamine
* Apyrase
* Thiamine-triphosphatase

3.6.2|

* Adenylylsulfatase
* Phosphoadenylylsulfatase

3.6.3-4: ATPase|

| 3.6.3|

| Cu++ (3.6.3.4)|

* Menkes/ATP7A
* Wilson/ATP7B

|

Ca+ (3.6.3.8)|

* SERCA
* ATP2A1
* ATP2A2
* ATP2A3
* Plasma membrane
* ATP2B1
* ATP2B2
* ATP2B3
* ATP2B4
* SPCA
* ATP2C1
* ATP2C2

Na+/K+ (3.6.3.9)|

* ATP1A1
* ATP1A2
* ATP1A3
* ATP1A4
* ATP1B1
* ATP1B2
* ATP1B3
* ATP1B4

H+/K+ (3.6.3.10)|

* ATP4A

Other P-type ATPase|

* ATP8B1
* ATP10A
* ATP11B
* ATP12A
* ATP13A2
* ATP13A3

3.6.4|

* Dynein
* Kinesin
* Myosin
* Katanin

3.6.5: GTPase|

| 3.6.5.1: Heterotrimeric G protein|

* Gαs
* Golf
* Gαi
* GNAI1
* GNAI2
* GNAI3
* Transducin
* GNAT1
* GNAT2
* Gustducin
* GNAT3
* Gαq/11
* GNAQ
* GNA11
* Gα12/13
* GNA12
* GNA13

|

3.6.5.2: Small GTPase > Ras superfamily|

* Rho family of GTPases: Cdc42
* CDC42
* TC10
* TCL
* RhoUV
* RhoU
* RhoV
* Rac
* Rac1
* 2
* 3
* RhoG
* RhoBTB
* 1
* 2
* RhoH
* Rho
* A
* B
* C
* Rnd
* 1
* 2
* 3
* RhoDF
* RhoF
* RhoD

* other: Ras
* HRAS
* KRAS
* NRAS
* Rab
* RAB23
* RAB27
* Arf
* ARF6
* SAR1B
* ARL13B
* ARL6
* Ran
* Rheb
* Rap
* RGK

3.6.5.3: Protein-synthesizing GTPase|

* Prokaryotic
* IF-2
* EF-Tu
* EF-G
* Eukaryotic

3.6.5.5-6: Polymerization motors|

* Dynamin
* Tubulin

* v
* t
* e

Enzymes

Activity|

* Active site
* Binding site
* Catalytic triad
* Oxyanion hole
* Enzyme promiscuity
* Catalytically perfect enzyme
* Coenzyme
* Cofactor
* Enzyme catalysis

Regulation|

* Allosteric regulation
* Cooperativity
* Enzyme inhibitor
* Enzyme activator

Classification|

* EC number
* Enzyme superfamily
* Enzyme family
* List of enzymes

Kinetics|

* Enzyme kinetics
* Eadie–Hofstee diagram
* Hanes–Woolf plot
* Lineweaver–Burk plot
* Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Types|

* EC1 Oxidoreductases (list)
* EC2 Transferases (list)
* EC3 Hydrolases (list)
* EC4 Lyases (list)
* EC5 Isomerases (list)
* EC6 Ligases (list)
* EC7 Translocases (list)

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