Sumayyah bint Khabbat

Sumayyah bint Khabbat
Información personal
Nombre en árabe	سمية بنت خياط
Nacimiento	550
Fallecimiento	615 ; La Meca (Arabia Saudí)
Causa de muerte	Traumatismo contuso
Religión	Islam
Familia
Cónyuge	Yasir ibn Amir; sin etiquetar; sin etiquetar ;
	[editar datos en Wikidata]

Sumayyah bint Khabbat (Árabe: سمية بنت خباطّ‎; c.550-c.615) fue el primer miembro de la Ummah (en árabe: أمّـة‎, Comunidad) islámica en convertirse en shahidah (en árabe: سمية بنت خباطّ‎: شـهـيـدة‎, mártir). ^[1]^[2]^[3]

Primeros años

Era una esclava abisinia de Abu Hudhayfa ibn al-Mughira, un miembro del clan Makhzum de La Meca.^[4]

Su amo la dio en matrimonio a Yasir ibn Amir, quién era del clan Malik de la tribu Madhhij de Yemen. Después de llegar a La Meca buscando un hermano perdido, había decidido quedarse allí bajo la protección de Abu Hudhayfa.^: 188 Sumayyah dio a luz a su hijo Ammar hacia 566.^: 188^[5] Yasir también tuvo otros dos hijos, Hurth y Abdullah, pero nada indica que Sumayyah fuera la madre.^: 189

Un tiempo después, Abu Hudhayfa liberó a Sumayyah y su hijo Ammar; pero quedaron como sus clientes por el resto de su vida.^: 188^[6] Se dice que Abu Hudhayfa murió "antes del Islam"; otra versión cuenta que "era uno de los que se burlaban del Profeta".

Conversión al islam

Según una tradición, Sumayyah fue la séptima persona en "mostrar el Islam", después de los primeros seis: Mahoma, Ali, Bilal, Khabbab, Suhayb y su hijo Ammar.^: 178 Pero "mostrar el Islam" podría referirse a algo distinto a la conversión entonces, según otra tradición, Ammar no fue convertido hasta después de que los musulmanes entraron en la casa de al-Arqam "después de treinta hombres".^: 189 Yasir y su hijo Abdullah también se convirtieron "en el auge del Islam," pero Hurth había sido asesinado por el clan Dil antes de 610.^{: 188–189}^: 185^[7]^: 189

Los Quraysh perseguían a los musulmanes de bajo rango social.^[8]^: 143 Sumayyah y su familia eran vulnerables desde la muerte de su patrón, y fueron otros miembros del clan Makhzum quienes les torturaron para presionarles a abandonar su nueva fe.^: 145^[9] En una ocasión la metieron en un gran cántaro lleno de agua y la alzaron de modo que no pudiera huir. Ella, Yasir y Ammar también fueron forzados a permanecer bajo el sol al calor del mediodía vestidos con abrigos de pieles.^: 145^: 178 Mahoma pasó mientras estaban así y les instó, "Paciencia, Oh familia de Yasir! Vuestro lugar de reunión será el Paraíso."^: 145^: 190

A pesar de que es descrita como "una vieja y frágil mujer", Sumayyah se mantuvo firme y rechazó abandonar el Islam.^: 145

Muerte

Al anochecer Abu Jahl, también miembro del clan Makhzum, fue a verla allí de pie y empezó a insultarla. Terminó acuchillándola y la empaló con su lanza por sus partes íntimas.^: 145^: 178

Cuando Abu Jahl fue muerto en Badr, Mahoma le dijo a Ammar, "Alá ha matado al asesino de vuestra madre."^: 186

Tabari menciona una historia alternativa de la vida de Sumayyah. Dice que se casó con un esclavo bizantino llamado Azraq después de la muerte de Yasir. Le dio un hijo llamado Salamah y su descendencia se casó en la familia Umayyad. Tabari también señala que algunas historias pueden deberse a una posible confusión entre dos mujeres mecanas contemporáneas llamadas ambas Sumayyah.^[10]

Referencias históricas

La referencia más temprana al asesinato de Sumayyah se encuentra en la biografía de Mahoma de Ibn Ishaq (muerto en 761), Siratu Rasulullah ("Biografía del Mensajero de Dios").^[11]^: 143^[12] Su nombre, Sumayyah, no es explícitamente mencionado por Ibn Ishaq; es una deducción de la referencia a su hijo como Ammar "hijo de Sumayya".^: 229 Aun así, es nombrada como Sumayyah en las historias de Ibn Saad^{: 178, 188} y Tabari.

Véase también

Referencias

↑ Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir vol. 3. Translated by Bewley, A. (2013). The Companions of Badr. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.
↑ Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir vol. 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). The Women of Madina, pp. 185-186. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.
↑ Razwy, Sayed A.A. (1997). «Ammar ibn Yasser was also one of the earliest converts to Islam. As noted before, his mother and father were tortured to death by the pagans in Makkah. They were the first and the second martyrs of Islam, and this is a distinction that no one in all Islam can share with them.». A restatement of the history of Islam & Muslims : C.E. 570 to 661. Stanmore, Middlesex: World Federation of KSI Muslim Communities. ISBN 0950987913. Consultado el 31 de julio de 2014.
↑ Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk. Translated by Landau-Tasseron, E. (1998). Volume 39: Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and Their Successors, pp. 29-30, 116-117. Albany: State University of New York Press.
↑ Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir vol. 3. Translated by Bewley, A. (2013). The Companions of Badr, p. 203. London: Ta-Ha Publishers. "Ammar was killed in Safar 37 AH at the age of 93."
↑ «Muir, W. (1861). The Life of Mahomet, vol. 2, p. 125. London: Smith, Elder & Co.». Archivado desde el original el 16 de mayo de 2013. Consultado el 29 de noviembre de 2018.
↑ Razwy, Sayed A.A. (1997). «The family all members of which accepted Islam before any other family, was the Yasir family. Yasir, his wife, and their son, Ammar, all three accepted Islam simultaneously, and they were among the earliest Muslims.». A restatement of the history of Islam & Muslims: C.E. 570 to 661. Stanmore, Middlesex: World Federation of KSI Muslin Communities. ISBN 0950987913. Consultado el 31 de julio de 2014.
↑ Muhammad ibn Ishaq. Sirat Rasul Allah. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). The Life of Muhammad. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-636033-1
↑ Razwy, Sayed A.A. (1997). «"The first victims of pagan attrition and aggression were those Muslims who had no tribal affiliation in Makkah. Yasir and his wife, Sumayya, and their son, Ammar, had no tribal affiliation. In Makkah they were "foreigners" and there was no one to protect them. All three were savagely tortured by Abu Jahl and the other infidels. Sumayya, Yasir's wife, died while she was being tortured. She thus became the First Martyr in Islam. A little later, her husband, Yasir, was also tortured to death, and he became the Second Martyr in Islam. Quraysh had stained their hands with innocent blood! In the roster of martyrs, Sumayya and her husband, Yasir, rank among the highest. They were killed for no reason other than their devotion to Allah and their love for Islam and Muhammad Mustafa. Those Muslims who were killed in the battles of Badr and Uhud, had an army to defend and to support them. But Yasir and his wife had no one to defend them; they bore no arms, and they were the most defenseless of all the martyrs of Islam. By sacrificing their lives, they highlighted the truth of Islam, and they built strength into its structure. They made the tradition of sacrifice and martyrdom an integral part of the ethos of Islam."». A restatement of the history of Islam & Muslims : C.E. 570 to 661. Stanmore, Middlesex: World Federation of KSI Muslin Communities. ISBN 0950987913. Consultado el 31 de julio de 2014.
↑ History of al-Tabari Vol. 39, The: Biographies of the Prophet's Companions p.29-30, SUNY Press, 07-Jul-2015, ISBN 9781438409986
↑ Robinson 2003, p. xv
↑ University of Wisconsin-Madison

Datos: Q2736992

[Saad3-1] Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir vol. 3. Translated by Bewley, A. (2013). The Companions of Badr. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.

[Saad8-2] Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir vol. 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). The Women of Madina, pp. 185-186. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.

[Razwy-Ch.UA-3] Razwy, Sayed A.A. (1997). «Ammar ibn Yasser was also one of the earliest converts to Islam. As noted before, his mother and father were tortured to death by the pagans in Makkah. They were the first and the second martyrs of Islam, and this is a distinction that no one in all Islam can share with them.». A restatement of the history of Islam & Muslims : C.E. 570 to 661. Stanmore, Middlesex: World Federation of KSI Muslim Communities. ISBN 0950987913. Consultado el 31 de julio de 2014.

[Tabari39-4] Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk. Translated by Landau-Tasseron, E. (1998). Volume 39: Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and Their Successors, pp. 29-30, 116-117. Albany: State University of New York Press.

[5] Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir vol. 3. Translated by Bewley, A. (2013). The Companions of Badr, p. 203. London: Ta-Ha Publishers. "Ammar was killed in Safar 37 AH at the age of 93."

[6] «Muir, W. (1861). The Life of Mahomet, vol. 2, p. 125. London: Smith, Elder & Co.». Archivado desde el original el 16 de mayo de 2013. Consultado el 29 de noviembre de 2018.

[Razwy-Ch.AB-7] Razwy, Sayed A.A. (1997). «The family all members of which accepted Islam before any other family, was the Yasir family. Yasir, his wife, and their son, Ammar, all three accepted Islam simultaneously, and they were among the earliest Muslims.». A restatement of the history of Islam & Muslims: C.E. 570 to 661. Stanmore, Middlesex: World Federation of KSI Muslin Communities. ISBN 0950987913. Consultado el 31 de julio de 2014.

[Ishaq-8] Muhammad ibn Ishaq. Sirat Rasul Allah. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). The Life of Muhammad. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-636033-1

[Razwy-Ch.EC-9] Razwy, Sayed A.A. (1997). «"The first victims of pagan attrition and aggression were those Muslims who had no tribal affiliation in Makkah. Yasir and his wife, Sumayya, and their son, Ammar, had no tribal affiliation. In Makkah they were "foreigners" and there was no one to protect them. All three were savagely tortured by Abu Jahl and the other infidels. Sumayya, Yasir's wife, died while she was being tortured. She thus became the First Martyr in Islam. A little later, her husband, Yasir, was also tortured to death, and he became the Second Martyr in Islam. Quraysh had stained their hands with innocent blood! In the roster of martyrs, Sumayya and her husband, Yasir, rank among the highest. They were killed for no reason other than their devotion to Allah and their love for Islam and Muhammad Mustafa. Those Muslims who were killed in the battles of Badr and Uhud, had an army to defend and to support them. But Yasir and his wife had no one to defend them; they bore no arms, and they were the most defenseless of all the martyrs of Islam. By sacrificing their lives, they highlighted the truth of Islam, and they built strength into its structure. They made the tradition of sacrifice and martyrdom an integral part of the ethos of Islam."». A restatement of the history of Islam & Muslims : C.E. 570 to 661. Stanmore, Middlesex: World Federation of KSI Muslin Communities. ISBN 0950987913. Consultado el 31 de julio de 2014.

[10] History of al-Tabari Vol. 39, The: Biographies of the Prophet's Companions p.29-30, SUNY Press, 07-Jul-2015, ISBN 9781438409986

[11] Robinson 2003, p. xv

[12] University of Wisconsin-Madison

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