Encephalitis

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Encephalitis is "inflammation of the brain due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see viral encephalitis) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition."[1]

## Etiologies / causes[edit]

In England, 40% of cases are due to infections.[2] The most common infections being:

* Herpes simplex virus (Human herpesvirus 1)
* Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Among immunocompromised patients:[2]

* Varicella-Zoster virus (Human herpesvirus 3)
* Toxoplasma gondii

Other causes include:

* Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) which is also called postinfectious encephalitis. ADEM may follow infection from Mycoplasma pneumoniae.[2]

## References[edit]

1. ↑ Anonymous (2024), Encephalitis (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Granerod J et al. Causes of encephalitis and differences in their clinical presentations in England: A multicentre, population-based prospective study. Lancet Infect Dis 2010 Oct 18; [e-pub ahead of print]. DOI:10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70222-X