Cheese

Tillamook Colby and Cheddar, American cheeses.

Cheese is a solidified dairy product. Cheese making starts with the solidification of milk proteins, usually by the addition of rennet (a mixture of enzymes) or an edible acid, which produces curds. For most types of cheese, the curds are separated from the liquid, the whey, and then aged, sometimes for many years. Salt is also often an ingredient in cheese recipes.

## Contents

* 1 Sources Used to Make Cheese
* 2 Cheese History
* 3 Varieties
* 3.1 Hard cheeses
* 3.2 Blue cheeses
* 3.3 Soft cheeses
* 3.4 Synthetic cheeses
* 4 Non-cheese cheeses
* 5 Cheese in Culture
* 6 Cheese Gallery

## Sources Used to Make Cheese[edit]

Most cheese is made from cow's milk, although technically, any large mammal's milk can be used. Some common sources of milk for making cheese other than cows include:

* Goat milk (e.g. Chèvre cheese, chèvre is French for goat)
* Sheep milk (e.g. Roquefort)
* Yak milk.
* Buffalo milk

## Cheese History[edit]

France is especially renowned as a cheese producer, and their president Charles de Gaulle famously said : "How can a country with 300 different kinds of cheese agree on anything?". Many cheeses are made from unpasteurized milk and their import into the USA forbidden for health reasons owing to potentially toxic bacterium listeria. Physicians recommend that the cheeses should not be consumed by pregnant women or young children. Certain French cheeses (such as Epoisses) are so smelly to keep up the urban legend that their carriage is banned even on French public transport.

It is most likely that the invention of cheesemaking was a way of preserving excess milk for leaner times.

## Varieties[edit]

There are literally thousands of varieties of cheese made in the world today. The best selection with more than thousand varieties is offered in the Kaufhaus des Westen, Berlin, Germany [1]. Some well known varieties are:

### Hard cheeses[edit]

* Cheddar (A hard red, yellow or white cheese, originally from the English West country (The Cheddar Gorge), but also now made worldwide in countries including Ireland, Canada, New Zealand, and Scotland.)
* Parmesan (Italian very hard cheese)
* Romano (Another Italian hard cheese)
* Gouda (Dutch cheese, with a yellow wax rind)
* Monterey Jack (American)
* Colby (American, sometimes blended with Monterey Jack)
* Mozzarella (A very soft white cheese from Italy, in some places it is still made the traditional way, with buffalo milk)
* Emmentaler (A Swiss cheese, characterized by large holes)
* Gruyère (A flavorful Swiss cheese which is very dry and hard, somewhat like Parmesan)
* Cheshire (A hard red or white cheese, more crumbly than Cheddar with a salty taste. Made in Cheshire or North Shropshire. Mrs Appleby's Cheshire has won international renown.)

### Blue cheeses[edit]

* Blue Stilton (English crumbly blue cheese, a non-blue variety also exists)
* Roquefort (The French king of blue cheeses, made from sheep's milk in a cave.)
* Cheshire Blue (Mild blue cheese with a salty flavor)

### Soft cheeses[edit]

* Feta (Soft and crumbly Greek sheep's or mixture of sheep's and goat's milk cheese)
* Brie (a French soft cheese, not particularly smelly)
* Camembert (a French soft cheese, fairly smelly)
* Muenster (a French soft cheese)
* Cottage cheese (a very runny soft curd cheese)
* Cream cheese (a mild soft white cheese)
* Neufchâtel (a French soft and crumbly)

### Synthetic cheeses[edit]

* American or processed cheese, a very mild ersatz cheddar with a smooth texture, often delivered by unusual methods, such as in cans, as strings, or as a spray. Though considered by many connoisseurs to have an unpleasantly chemical or plasticy taste and no significant texture, its very low cost had lead to its use as a 'generic' cheese for snacks, fast-food, burgers, or any meal in which a cheese is used to enhance another element of a meal rather than form a more significant taste.

## Non-cheese cheeses[edit]

Head cheese, known as brawn in the UK and by other names in other parts of the world, is made from meat taken from the head of an animal – pigs, calves and cows are used – that might otherwise remain uneaten for aesthetic reasons. It sometimes includes meat from other normally unappetizing areas such as the feet or organs. The meat is chopped or shredded and set in gelatine. It is usually eaten cold or at room temperature as a luncheon meat. In the southern states of the US this is sometimes also known as sousemeat and pickled in vinegar.

Lemon cheese is another name for lemon curd in the UK. Fruit cheeses are sometimes made with other citrus fruit.

## Cheese in Culture[edit]

In England, the traditional sport of cheese-rolling remains locally popular. [2]

James McIntyre, a Canadian poet, was fond of writing poems and odes to cheese. This is not because he thought the subject was funny, or ironic. Rather, McIntyre saw cheese production in Canada as a symbol of the strong growth in the Canadian economy. Many people today find his works quite humorous, but McIntyre's "Ode on the Mammoth Cheese" is considered by most poetry scholars not only his best work, but his ultimate achievement.

The original family name of comedian John Cleese was Cheese, but was changed to Cleese by his father. Cleese is famous, of course, for playing the frustrated customer in the Cheese Shop sketch on the Monty Python's Flying Circus television show.

Cheese is considered by some as a palliative for various internal diseases.

In the animated series Wallace and Gromit, cheese plays an important role. Not only is Wensleydale cheese their favorite variety but in A Grand Day Out they visit the moon because it is made of cheese.

## Cheese Gallery[edit]

* Allgäuer Bergkäse cheese.

* Antigo Stravecchio Parmesan cheese.

* Beaufort d'Alpage cheese.

* Bel Paese cheese.

* Blue Stilton cheese.

* Brie cheese.

* Couronne Brie cheese.

* Dorset Blue Vinny cheese

* The Edam.

* Emmi Cave Aged Emmentaler cheese.

* Emmi Cave Aged Gruyère cheese.

* Lancashire cheese.

* Limberger cheese.

* Mozzarella cheese.

* White Cheddar cheese.