Penile cancer

The symbol of the Roman god Mars (the god of war) is frequently used to represent the male sex.

The medical journal article Risk Factors and Prevalence of Penile Cancer states:"...in a society where masculinity is defined by and associated with the presence of the phallus, penile cancer affects male self-esteem and may lead to depression. The vexing issue with penile cancer lies in the fact that it is a largely preventable disease, where significant risk factors are modifiable."[1]

According to WebMD:

“  |  Penile cancer, or cancer of the penis, is when cells grow out of control on or in a man’s penis. It often starts in skin cells and can work its way inside...

Research shows that it’s more common in men who:

* Have the human papillomavirus (HPV)

* Are over age 60

* Smoke

* Have a weakened immune system because of HIV or AIDS

* Aren’t circumcised. Fluids and a thick buildup called smegma can collect under your foreskin and might make cancer growth more likely.

* Have a condition called phimosis, which makes your foreskin tight and tough to clean. It can also lead to fluid buildup.

* Had psoriasis treatment with the drug psoralen and ultraviolet (UV) light."[2]

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Other risk factors for penile cancer are promiscuity, AIDS, homosexuality (see: Homosexuality and penile cancer), obesity and engaging in bestiality.[3]

The medical journal article Risk Factors and Prevalence of Penile Cancer states:

“  |  ...in a society where masculinity is defined by and associated with the presence of the phallus, penile cancer affects male self-esteem and may lead to depression. The vexing issue with penile cancer lies in the fact that it is a largely preventable disease, where significant risk factors are modifiable."[4] |  ”

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## Atheism and penile cancer[edit]

See: Atheism and penile cancer and Atheism and cancer

### Atheism, various risk factors and penile cancer[edit]

* Atheism, circumcision and penile cancer

* Atheism, promiscuity and penile cancer

* Atheism, homosexuality, AIDS and penile cancer

* Atheism/irreligion, smoking and penile cancer

* Atheism, obesity, and penile cancer

* Atheism, bestiality and penile cancer

## References[edit]

1. ↑ Risk Factors and Prevalence of Penile Cancer, West Indian Med Journal. 2014 Oct; 63(6): 559–560, Published online 2015 Jul 28. doi: 10.7727/wimj.2015.381
2. ↑ Penile Cancer, WebMD
3. ↑
* Increased Risk of Penile Cancer among Men Working in Agriculture, Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2018; 19(1): 237–241. doi: 10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.1.237
* Obesity is associated with increased risk of invasive penile cancer , BMC Urol. 2016; 16: 42. Published online 2016 Jul 13. doi: 10.1186/s12894-016-0161-7
* Sex with Animals (SWA): Behavioral Characteristics and Possible Association with Penile Cancer. A Multicenter Study
* Bestiality linked to penile cancer, Medical Xpress website
* Study Links Bestiality, Penile Cancer, NBC New York
4. ↑ Risk Factors and Prevalence of Penile Cancer, West Indian Med Journal. 2014 Oct; 63(6): 559–560, Published online 2015 Jul 28. doi: 10.7727/wimj.2015.381