Pedagogic method

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## Definition[edit | edit source]

Pedagogic methods refer to the elements used in a pedagogical scenario or referred to in a pedagogic strategy

Effective course designs (or teachers) use a vocabulary of different teaching strategies or methods. It is not always obvious to distinguish strategy from method. DSchneider thinks that it is a question of scale in the same way as in research design where one may distinguish "approach" (method with big "M") from "technique" (method with a small "ms").

## Typologies of pedagogic methods[edit | edit source]

An instructional design usually makes use of several kinds of pedagogic methods which are combined into some coherent story-board (pedagogical scenario). It implements one or several strategies.

There exist several kinds of attemps to create typologies. Some are easier to undestand than others.

Khan's (2000) list of methods and strategies focusses on 20 major "natural types" that he develops under the header "pedagogical" in his eight-components framework for e-leanirng:

1. Presentation
2. Exhibits
3. Demonstration
4. Drill and Practice
5. Tutorials
6. Games
7. Story Telling
8. Simulations
9. Role-playing
10. Discussion
11. Interaction
12. Modeling
13. Facilitation
14. Collaboration
15. Debate
16. Field Trips
17. Apprenticeship
18. Case Studies
19. Generative Development
20. Motivation

Here we have a typology from a seminar on teaching methods in public management.

1. Les méthodes basées sur l'exposé
1. L'exposé magistral
2. Le co-enseignement
3. Le recours à un conférencier invité
4. Le panel
5. Les exposés des participants
2. Les méthodes basée sur la discussion
1. Les techniques questions-réponses
2. La discussion en grand groupe
3. La discussion en petit groupe
4. L'étude de cas (à venir)
5. Les débats
6. Les rencontres individuelles
3. Les méthodes basées sur les documents écrits
1. Les lectures complémentaires
2. Le manuel de formation
3. L'enseignement programmé
4. Les méthodes basées sur la mise en pratique et la rétroaction
1. La prise de notes
2. Les questions complémentaires
3. Les exercices
4. Les démonstrations
5. Les jeux de rôle
6. Les simulations
7. Les techniques d'enquête et d'auto-diagnostic
8. Les tests
9. Les visites
5. Les méthodes basées sur le modelage du comportement
1. Le coaching et le mentorat
2. Le stage d'apprentissage
3. Le recours à la rotation (job rotation)
4. L'auto-apprentissage
5. Le service conseil
6. Les méthodes basées sur l'utilisation des technologies
1. Les cassettes audio
2. Les cassettes vidéo
3. Le recours à l'ordinateur
4. La télé-conférence
5. Les disques optiques

## References[edit | edit source]

* Chamberland, G., L. Lavoie et D. Marquis (1995). 20 formules pédagogiques, Sainte-Foy: Presses universitaires du Québec.

* Kahn, Badrul H. A Framework for Web-Based Learning, in Khan, B.H. (ed) Web-Based Training ISBN 0-87778-303-9

* Séminaire sur les méthodes d'enseignement (1999) La didactique internationale en management public [1]

* Joyce, B., Weil, M., Calhoun, E. : Models of teaching, 6th edition, Allyn & Bacon, 2000. ISBN 0205389279

* Molenda, M. (2005). A New Typology of Instructional Methods Communication présentée 18th Annual Conference on Distance Teaching and Learning. Repéré à http://www.uwex.edu/disted/conference/resource_library/proceedings/02_45.pdf

* Reeves, T.C., Reeves, P.M., Effective Dimensions of Interactive Learning on the World Wide Web, in Web-Based Instruction, Englewood Cliffs N.J. : Educational Technology Publications, 1998

* Van Wart, Montgomery, N. Joseph Cayer, et Steeve Cook; Handbook of Training and Developement for the Public Sector; San Francisco, CA; Jossey-Bass; 1993

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