Semantic MediaWiki

Category:MediaWiki extension
Semantic MediaWiki

Extension name  | Semantic MediaWiki
About this article / disclaimer  |
Logo  |
Screenshot  | [[Image:|135px]]
Location of the main author  | Oxford, England
Coordinates of the main authors  | 51.752013, -1.25785
Developers  | Markus Krötzsch, Denny Vrandecic, Jeroen De Dauw, others
Licences  |
Description  | Semantic MediaWiki is an extension for managing structured data in your wiki and for querying that data to create dynamic representations: tables, timelines, maps, lists, etc.
Mediawiki requirements  | [[Needs MediaWiki versions::Any recent version.

However, we suggest using MW 1.22 (dec 2013). This version includes support for Composer, a dependency manager that will ease installation.]]

Dependencies  | Validator, ParamProcessor
Related extensions (documented here)  | Semantic Drilldown, Semantic Forms, Semantic Forms Inputs, Semantic Maps, Semantic Result Formats
Related extensions  |
Discussion  |
Language support  | Many
Status  | stable
First release date  | 2005/01/01
Last release date (as of 2014/05/02!)  | 2014/04/28
Last version number  | 1.9.2 (40ea19e)
Programming language  | PHP
Alternatives  |
Website  | home page
Publications  |
Support websites  | web site
Example websites  |
Last edited  | 2014/05/02

This article or chapter is incomplete and its contents need further attention. Some information may be missing or may be wrong, spelling and grammar may have to be improved, use your judgment!

## Contents

* 1 Introduction
* 2 Semantic properties
* 2.1 Properties and semantic web triplets
* 2.2 Property types
* 2.3 Displaying properties
* 2.4 Annotated values
* 2.5 Finding properties
* 3 Inline queries
* 3.1 Simple queries
* 3.2 Ask syntax
* 3.2.1 Overview
* 3.2.2 Searching within categories and pages
* 3.2.3 Searching for property values
* 3.2.4 Subqueries
* 3.3 Displaying results
* 3.4 Query operators
* 3.5 Troubleshooting
* 4 Special properties and compound data
* 4.1 Special properties
* 4.2 Compound data
* 5 Semantic MediaWiki software
* 5.1 Fresh install
* 5.2 Old MediaWiki 1.22 and SMW 1.9x installation/upgrade
* 5.2.1 Prerequisites
* 5.2.2 Install composer
* 5.2.3 Prepare for updating SMW
* 5.2.4 (Re)install SMW
* 5.2.5 (Re)configure SMW
* 5.2.6 Install (some) SMW extensions using the composer
* 5.2.7 Add other SMW extension through GIT
* 5.3 Upgrading MW 1.22+ / composer-based installations
* 5.4 Non standard setups
* 5.5 Trouble
* 5.6 Upgrading
* 5.7 Cleaning up / repairing the Semantic MediaWiki tables
* 5.8 The SMW database updating process
* 5.9 Semantic MediaWiki extensions
* 5.10 Data import/export
* 5.11 SMW packaged services and distributions
* 5.12 Programming SMW extensions
* 6 Links
* 6.1 Official other important SMW sites
* 6.2 Events
* 6.3 Manuals and introductions
* 6.4 Tutorials
* 6.5 Various
* 6.6 Semantic MediaWiki sites
* 7 Bibliography

## Introduction[edit | edit source]

"Semantic MediaWiki (SMW) is an extension of Mediawiki - the wiki application best known for powering Wikipedia - that helps to search, organise, tag, browse, evaluate, and share the wiki's content. While traditional wikis contain only text which computers can neither understand nor evaluate, SMW adds semantic annotations that allow a wiki to function as a collaborative database. Semantic MediaWiki was first released in 2005, and currently has over ten developers, and is in use on hundreds of sites. In addition, a large number of related extensions have been created that extend the ability to edit, display and browse through the data stored by SMW: the term "Semantic MediaWiki" is sometimes used to refer to this entire family of extensions. Semantic MediaWiki has been funded in part by projects of the Framework Programmes (FP) of the European Union, SEKT and ACTIVE and by project Halo." (Introduction to Semantic MediaWiki, retrieved 14:31, 24 August 2011 (CEST))

According to Semantic MediaWiki, "is currently in active use in hundreds of sites, in many languages, around the world, including Fortune 500 companies, biomedical projects, government agencies and consumer directories".

See also:

* Semantic Forms
* Semantic Drilldown
* Semantic Result Formats
* Semantic Maps
* Semantic MediaWiki special pages (a list of useful special pages)

## Semantic properties[edit | edit source]

### Properties and semantic web triplets[edit | edit source]

At the core of Semantic MediaWiki are so-called properties. Properties can be understood as "categories of information" and they are encoded in a way that a machine can understand. If you use a property + value in a given page, you implicitly create a so-called triplet.

For example, if we would like to add the information that Semantic MediaWiki is related to Semantic Forms we get the following triplet:

Semantic MediaWiki - Is related to - Semantic Forms
(Subject)            (predicate)     (object)

In Semantic MediaWiki, we create triplets by adding code defining property/value pair to a page. Therefore, with respect to the above example:

* This page (Semantic MediaWiki) is the subject that we describe with a property
* Is related is the property name, i.e. the so-called predicate
* The Semantic Forms page is the value of the property and represents the object

The corresponding wiki code looks likes this:

[[Is related to::Semantic Forms]]

Similarities with RDF

In the Resource Description Framework RDF, a fragment like the following defines the same relationship.

<swivt:Subject rdf:about="http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/Special:URIResolver/Semantic_MediaWiki">
<property:Is_related_to rdf:resource="http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/Special:URIResolver/Semantic_Forms"/>
</swivt:Subject>

In some ways, Semantic MediaWiki is the Wiki equivalent of RDF. Semantic data of a page can be exported as RDF like this:

`[http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/Special:ExportRDF/Semantic_MediaWiki RDF feed]`, e.g. click on RDF feed

### Property types[edit | edit source]

Properties in a Semantic MediaWikis define typed data, in a similar way as in object-oriented programming. Properties are used with the `[[property_name::property_value]]` syntax. By default, the value of a property is a wiki page, i.e. default data type of a property is simply a wiki page.

MediaWiki [[is a:: Wiki]]

The following example shows a value that is an URL. However, this does not yet mean the data type of `Has website` is an URL. Since default values for properties are wiki pages, we must explicitly create and edit the property page as explained further down.

[[Has website:: http://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Semantic_MediaWiki]]

The above code will be shown as `http://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Semantic MediaWiki` ,i.e. the reader will see a clickable URL. Let's now look at property types.

Data types for property types

There exist several property types, for example:

* Page (a wiki page, this the value by default, i.e. if you don't define a data type, a property value will display as "blue" or "red" link to a normal wiki page)
* String (a short text)
* Text (a longer text)
* Code (same but pre-formatted)
* URL (various kinds of URIs, including http://)
* Number
* Date
* Enumeration (lists of values, i.e. of all the other types)
* Boolean

Manual coding

* Each property is defined through a page in the properties namespace. To create a property with aproperty_name and a value, just use the following syntax in any other page:

[[property_name:: your_property_value]]

* You then can type the property. By default a property is of type page, i.e. it will link to a normal wiki page. For example [[is a:: Wiki]] will declare that this is a Wiki and then link to the page Wiki like this: Wiki

To define a property and its type there are three methods

(1a) Create a property instance with a value, then create/hand code the property page

* Create the property using `[[property_name:: your_property_value]]` or use templates as explained in the Semantic Forms article
* Create or edit the property:your_property page and add a type declaration like this:

This is a property of type [[Has type::URL]].

(1b) Use the Create with Form

* Same principle, but it will allow selecting a data type from a pull down list.

(2) Use Special:CreateProperty

The easiest way to create a property (including its page and the type declaration) is to use the form in Special:CreateProperty "special" page.

The following screenshot shows a property page for property that is being used in page, but that is not defined yet. Do define it, either use method 1a or 1b as explained just above.

..............

### Displaying properties[edit | edit source]

(under construction ...)

The way a property will be displayed depends on its type and an additional parameter. By default, only the value will be shown, either as simple text or as a link.

Values that are not links

We defined a data type of property has accronym as string, therefore the value will not show as a wiki link (as per default data type): The following table shows what happens:

input | output | description

|
|

[[has acronym::SMW]] | SMW | Most typical use of properties
[[has acronym::SMW::TheFuture::]] | SMW | Defining two values (shortcut)
[[has acronym::SMW| ]] |  | Value will not be shown
[[has acronym::SMW|MWS]] | MWS | An alternative text will be shown
[[:has acronym :: SMW]] | has acronym :: SMW | Creates a link instead of a property (useless)

### Annotated values[edit | edit source]

The Swiss Grading scale goes from 0 to [[grading scale:=6]]
Gives: The Swiss Grading scale goes from 0 to 6

### Finding properties[edit | edit source]

There are several options that could help finding properties.

Default tools

* Use special:properties

Extensions that help browsing / listing

* Semantic_Drilldown extension
* Extension:AkAPI allows to list properties of categories, a page and show values of certain attibutes.

## Inline queries[edit | edit source]

Semantic Mediawiki includes a query language for semantic search. According to the manual (7/2013), it can be used in three contexts:

1. Through the form of the Special:Ask page,
2. in so-called concepts, i.e. saved queries,
3. and in inline queries.

Most frequent use seem to be inline queries.

Queries usually define three things:

1. Which page(s) to select. Read Selecting pages (semantic-mediawiki.org)
2. What information to display about those pages. Read Displaying information (semantic-mediawiki.org)
3. How the results should be formatted. Additional extensions like Semantic Result Formats add further possibilities.

Inline queries dynamically include query results as in the examples below. This functionality is implemented with so-called parser functions.

* The #ask function takes a number of parameters, in particular: page selection, information to display, and how.
* the #show function displays information for a single page, i.e. it's a kind of shortcut for the #ask function.

One simple query would list all pages in a category. The following code:

{{#ask: [[Category: MediaWiki extension]]}}

produces a simple line:

Maps (MediaWiki extension), Mediawiki collection extension installation, Page Forms, Semantic Drilldown, Semantic Forms Inputs, Semantic Maps, Semantic MediaWiki, Semantic Result Formats, VisualEditor

### Simple queries[edit | edit source]

By definition, various query clauses are combined with an AND operator

The following code selects all pages in the category software information and that include a property value Yaron Koren for the property Is developed by.

{{#ask: [[Category: MediaWiki extension]] [[Is developed by::Yaron Koren]]
| ?Has name
| format=ul

It will produce this:

* Maps (MediaWiki extension) (Has name: Maps)
* Mediawiki collection extension installation (Has name: Collection)
* Page Forms (Has name: Semantic Forms)
* Semantic Drilldown (Has name: Semantic Drilldown)
* Semantic Forms Inputs (Has name: Semantic Forms Inputs)
* Semantic Maps (Has name: Semantic Maps)
* Semantic MediaWiki (Has name: Semantic MediaWiki)
* Semantic Result Formats (Has name: Semantic Result Formats)

We also can use wildcards, e.g. if we wanted to list all pages that do include a property "Is developed by", we would use the following expression:

{{#ask: [[Category: MediaWiki extension]] [[Is developed by::+]]
| ?Has name
| format=ul

It will produce this:

* Maps (MediaWiki extension) (Has name: Maps)
* Mediawiki collection extension installation (Has name: Collection)
* Page Forms (Has name: Semantic Forms)
* Semantic Drilldown (Has name: Semantic Drilldown)
* Semantic Forms Inputs (Has name: Semantic Forms Inputs)
* Semantic Maps (Has name: Semantic Maps)
* Semantic MediaWiki (Has name: Semantic MediaWiki)
* Semantic Result Formats (Has name: Semantic Result Formats)

### Ask syntax[edit | edit source]

#### Overview[edit | edit source]

Roughly speaking, syntax of `#ask:` is the following: It it includes three groups of information:

1. Ask for pages that satisfy some conditions
2. Tell which information to show, e.g. property/values,
3. Define how to render the results, e.g. display items as a table or graph, sort results, add labels and table headers etc. See Semantic Result Formats for a more detailed introduction.

{{#ask
search_clause_1
search_clause_2
......
| ?Information_1 to display
| ?Information_2 to display
| ?......
| Result_format_parameter 1 = x
| Result_format_parameter 2 = y
|....

By default, queries will return a list wiki pages (i.e. without telling which other information to show and whether the page itself should be skipped).

Search conditions (clauses) can include property/values (including wildcards and comparators), categories and some other stuff. In addition, you can use disjunctions (or's).

#### Searching within categories and pages[edit | edit source]

To search within a category and all subcategories, simply use the normal wiki syntax, e.g.

[[Category: MediaWiki extension]]

A query including just this condition would return all the pages in the MediaWiki extension'. For example, the query `{{#ask: [[Category: MediaWiki extension]]}}` produces this list: Maps (MediaWiki extension), Mediawiki collection extension installation, Page Forms, Semantic Drilldown, Semantic Forms Inputs, Semantic Maps, Semantic MediaWiki, Semantic Result Formats, VisualEditor

Notice: This makes me wonder what happens if you have circular category structures ...

#### Searching for property values[edit | edit source]

Property conditions can take several forms, i.e. define a value, use a wildcard, or include comparators

Simple property value search

To search for a property with a given value, use the normal property syntax, e.g.

[[Developed with::MediaWiki software]]

The query `{{#ask: [[Developed with::MediaWiki software]]}}` produces this list of pages: CS4CS, Transcribe Bentham

Wildcards

* Use a + for wildcards

The query `{{#ask: [[Supports languages::+]]}}` produces this list of pages: Maps (MediaWiki extension), Mediawiki, Mediawiki collection extension installation, Page Forms, Semantic Drilldown, Semantic MediaWiki, Some software

See also the `~` (like) operator below for string comparison.

Comparators

Comparators work with property values and they are placed after the `::` in property conditions.

>> and <<: "greater than" and "less than"
> and <: "greater than or equal" and "less than or equal"

However, if `$smwStrictComparators] = true;`, you get normal behavior, i.e. "greater than" and "less than"
≥ and ≤: "greater than or equal" and "less than or equal"
!: "not" ("unequal")
~: «like» comparison for strings.

In the comparison sting you can use "*" to match a chain of characters and "?" to match any single character
!~: «not like» comparison for strings

The query `{{#ask: [[Was last edited::>1 September 2013]]}}` produces this list of pages: Semantic MediaWiki, Semantic Result Formats, VisualEditor

The query `{{#ask: [[Has field of science::~bio*]]}}` produces this list of pages: Budburst, Notes from Nature, Plankton Portal, Worm Watch Lab, i.e. it will return pages whose `Has field of science` property includes at least one "bio". Below, a table that also lists the property values found

| Has field of science

|

Budburst| biology
Notes from Nature| biology
taxonomy
biological classification
Plankton Portal| biology
biological oceanography
planktology
climatology
Worm Watch Lab| biology
genetics
medicine
neuroscience

Some comparisons can be hairy, e.g. values that are rounded for display, coordinates and such.

#### Subqueries[edit | edit source]

<q> .... </q>

Examples:

* Semantic Maps examples/Querying with additional properties

### Displaying results[edit | edit source]

Read the main article: Semantic Result Formats for more information about this topic, in particular if you are interested in visualizations made with JavaScript libraries.

By default, results that include more than one property to be shown are shown as a table. The following code selects the same pages as above, but also displays has last revision number values.

{{#ask: [[Category: MediaWiki extension]] [[Is developed by::Yaron Koren]]
| ?Has name
| ?has last revision number
| ?Is developed by

produces this:

| Has name| Has last revision number| Is developed by

|
|
|

Page Forms| Semantic Forms| 2.6 (Dec 2013)| Yaron Koren
Stephan Gambke
others
Semantic Drilldown| Semantic Drilldown| 1.2.5 (June 2013)| Yaron Koren
David Loomer
Semantic Forms Inputs| Semantic Forms Inputs| 0.7| Stephan Gambke
Yaron Koren
Jeroen De Dauw
Sanyam Goyal
Yury Katkov
others
Semantic Result Formats| Semantic Result Formats| 1.9.1 alpha (9482833)| Jeroen De Dauw
Frank Dengler
Steren Giannini
James Hong Kong
Fabian Howahl
Yaron Koren
Markus Krötzsch
David Loomer
Joel Natividad
Denny Vrandecic
Nathan Yergler
others

Semantic Result Formats allows to produce graphics. The following displays all pages where Yaron Koren is defined as developer plus the participations of other developers.

{{#ask: [[Category: MediaWiki extension]] [[Is developed by::Yaron Koren]]
| ?Is developed by
| distribution=yes
| min=0
| format=jqplotchart
| mainlabel=-

produces this:

Read more in Inline queries, Displaying information, Help:Semantic templates and Result formats (Semantic-Mediawiki.org)

### Query operators[edit | edit source]

SMW queries can include comparators and allows OR (disjunctions)

* Read Help:Selecting pages

### Troubleshooting[edit | edit source]

Use the debug option to test your #ask expression

{{#ask:[[Category:tutoriel]]
|?....
|format=debug

Be aware that by default inline #ask only returns 50 results. Use the `limit=..` parameter to change this. Alternatively reset the value of $smwgQDefaultLimit.

## Special properties and compound data[edit | edit source]

(needs to be completed ....)

### Special properties[edit | edit source]

Special properties are automatically generated by the system and have all sorts of functions. By default, these properties are not yet defined. In order to make use of them, we suggest the following procedure:

1. List all properties using Special:Properties
2. Hover the mouse over the red links, the wiki will tell if it's a special property
3. Click on the red link
4. Create with form
5. Select type=text (not so sure about this....)

* See also: Semantic MediaWiki special pages (a list of useful special pages)

Good for debugging:

* Property:Has improper value for: Lists pages that have illegal values for properties.

Understanding were you get your values from:

* Property:Gets values from category

### Compound data[edit | edit source]

(this section needs to be written)

SMW has a page-based approach. This makes it difficult with data like "the teacher owns 3 bananas", i.e. he "has bananas" and "he has 3"

You either can use subobjects or semantic internal objects to deal with this problem. Both have the same syntax, but work differently.

{{#subobject:Owns row|Owns fruit=bananas |Has quantity=4}}
{{#set_internal:Is row in possions|Owns fruit=tomatoes|Has quantity=4}}

## Semantic MediaWiki software[edit | edit source]

Most semantic MediaWiki sites make use of a whole range of extensions that are built on top of the basic Semantic MediaWiki infrastructure. For exemple, a popular extension is Semantic Forms.

Read official documentation & download information:

* Installation
* Download
* Help:Configuration

Notice:: Read this old version, if you have an older MediaWiki or if you prefer manual installs.

### Fresh install[edit | edit source]

(Summer 2015 for MW 1.25, updated summer 2016 for MW 1.26 and 1.27)

* Install composer first if necessary (see below)

* In the your installation (root) directory - and not the extension directory - type:

composer require mediawiki/semantic-media-wiki "~2.4"
composer require mediawiki/maps "*"
composer require mediawiki/semantic-maps "*"
composer require mediawiki/semantic-result-formats "*"
php maintenance/update.php

* Verify: You composer.json file should have something like these lines

....
"mediawiki/semantic-media-wiki": "~2.4",
"mediawiki/maps": "*",
"mediawiki/semantic-maps": "*",
"mediawiki/semantic-result-formats": "*",
"mediawiki/sub-page-list": "~1.2",
"mediawiki/graph-viz": "^1.6",
"mediawiki/image-map": "@dev"
.....

Page Forms (formerly called Semantic Forms)

* It is not recommended to install with Composer, rather install manually as explained in Page Forms

composer require mediawiki/semantic-forms
composer require mediawiki/page-forms

* In LocalSettings.php:

// If needed, define a special namespace, can help if other custom extensions are used. Not necessary for fresh MediaWiki installs
$smwgNamespaceIndex = 108; // Adjust to yours

Note people [were talking about a ConfirmEdit issue, which I could not replicate (good for me...). Maybe because I did set an index ?

// This seems to be still required in summer 2016 for MW 1.26.3 and SMW 2.4.1
enableSemantics('edutechwiki.unige.ch'); // adjust to yours

### Old MediaWiki 1.22 and SMW 1.9x installation/upgrade[edit | edit source]

After mid-november 2013, you should learn how to use composer, a PHP dependency manager.

#### Prerequisites[edit | edit source]

* PHP 5.3.2+
* MySQL 5.0.2+
* CURL (you should have that)
* MediaWiki 1.22 (nov 2013) or better.

If your server doesn't meet these requirements (in particular a new 1.22 MediaWiki), you should stop reading and find another source of information.

#### Install composer[edit | edit source]

If you run several wikis, it's probably best to install composer on system level:

cd /some/src
curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer

#### Prepare for updating SMW[edit | edit source]

* Go to your MediaWiki installation (NOT the extension directory)

cd /your-mediawiki-install

* If you already got SMW installed, kill it

rm -r extensions/SemanticMediaWiki
rm -r extensions/Validator
rm -r extensions/DataValues

* Same for SMW extensions, most should be killed (As of Jan 2014, SemanticForms is the notable exception, install it manually !!)

rm -r extensions/Maps/
rm -r extensions/SemanticMaps/
rm -r extensions/SemanticResultFormats

Changes to Localsettings.php

(1) kill all the lines that load SMW and required extensions. You really have to start clean, for example kill

require_once( "$IP/extensions/DataValues/DataValues.php" );
require_once( "$IP/extensions/Validator/Validator.php" );
include_once("$IP/extensions/SemanticMediaWiki/SemanticMediaWiki.php")

(2) Keep the following:

$smwgNamespaceIndex = 108; // Adjust to yours, in case other custom extensions were use before. Not necessary for fresh mediawiki installs
enableSemantics('edutechwiki.unige.ch'); // adjust to yours

* Make damn sure that the line defining start of SMW namespaces (e.g. `$smwgNamespaceIndex = 108;` in our case) is the very first line of code that deals with SMW. E.g. if PHP sees the line `enableSemantics(...)` first, it will start numbering SMW extensions at 104 or something and you won't see your properties, forms, etc. defined in your existing wiki. You then may panic and do weird stuff that won't help your wiki very much.

(3) Comment out all other MediaWiki extensions

* E.g. maps, semanticMaps, semanticresultformats, etc.

#### (Re)install SMW[edit | edit source]

* Now get and install SemanticMediaWiki 1.9, plus its dependencies with composer
* Again, do not cd to the extensions directory, keep sitting in the main MW installation directory !

composer require mediawiki/semantic-media-wiki "~2.0"

* Alternatively, in case you want to use bleeding edge code (sometimes you should, sometimes not)

composer require mediawiki/semantic-media-wiki "dev-master"

* In your MediaWiki installations you now will have:

A vendor directory
Additions to the extensions directory

* There is no need to edit LocalSetting.php. All extensions will auto-load, i.e. MW 1.22 provides direct support for composer !! However, you later can edit LocalSettings.php to change settings.

#### (Re)configure SMW[edit | edit source]

php maintenance/update.php

#### Install (some) SMW extensions using the composer[edit | edit source]

As you can see, it is better not to provide any version information. These extensions should know what version to use with what SMW version.

composer require mediawiki/maps "*"
composer require mediawiki/semantic-maps "*"
composer require mediawiki/semantic-result-formats "*"

LocalSettings.php

* Again, do not add any includes. These files are loaded (I believe) trough vendor/autoload.php

#### Add other SMW extension through GIT[edit | edit source]

cd extensions
// git clone https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/p/mediawiki/extensions/SemanticForms.git
git clone https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/p/mediawiki/extensions/PageForms
git clone https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/p/mediawiki/extensions/SemanticFormsInputs.git
git clone https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/p/mediawiki/extensions/SemanticDrilldown.git
git clone https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/p/mediawiki/extensions/AdminLinks.git

Of course, you then have to edit LocalSettings.php to include these files, for example it could look like this:

$smwgNamespaceIndex = 108;
enableSemantics('edutechwiki.unige.ch'); // adjust to yours
$smwgShowFactbox = SMW_FACTBOX_NONEMPTY;
// $smwgShowFactbox = SMW_FACTBOX_HIDDEN;

include_once("$IP/extensions/SemanticForms/SemanticForms.php");

# If one or more of your fields can contain internal links entered by users (e.g., "This is a [[cat]]")
$smwgLinksInValues = true;

# Semantic Drilldown. Needs yet another namespace
$sdgNamespaceIndex = 118;
include_once("$IP/extensions/SemanticDrilldown/SemanticDrilldown.php");

# Semantic Forms Inputs
# Is now available through composer (summer 2015)
# require_once("$IP/extensions/SemanticFormsInputs/SemanticFormsInputs.php");

# AdminLinks
include_once("$IP/extensions/AdminLinks/AdminLinks.php");

### Upgrading MW 1.22+ / composer-based installations[edit | edit source]

* Go to the base directory (not extensions or anything else !!)

cd /your/mediawiki_installation_directory

* (Maybe) update the composer itself

composer self-update

For MW 1.22 or better ....

Typing the following won't work if you already have SMW installed

composer require mediawiki/semantic-media-wiki "~2.0"

In the root directory, edit file `composer.json` and change the SMW line:

"mediawiki/semantic-media-wiki": "~2.0",

If you do the same for the various Semantic Mediawiki extension, the JSON section could look something like this (but extensions and version numbers may change). It is best to follow instructions on each extension page as shown on the packagist web site or the mediawiki extension page.

"require": {
"php": ">=5.3.2",
"psr/log": "1.0.0",
"mediawiki/semantic-media-wiki": "~2.0",
"mediawiki/semantic-result-formats": "*",
"mediawiki/sub-page-list": "~1.1",
"mediawiki/semantic-maps": "*",
"mediawiki/maps": "*"
"mediawiki/semantic-forms": "^3.4"

* Update all composer-managed extensions (including the ones that rely on SMW)

composer update

* Run the MW update script (e.g. to change database tables)

php maintenance/update.php

* Sometimes you also have to run the SMW update script, i.e. rebuild all tables

php extensions/SemanticMediaWiki/maintenance/SMW_refreshData.php -d 50 -v

### Non standard setups[edit | edit source]

From the Readme file:

It is required to set the environment variable MW_INSTALL_PATH to the root of your MediaWiki installation first. This is also required if you use a symbolic link from ./extensions/SemanticMediaWiki to the actual installation directory of SMW. Setting environment variables is different for different operating systems and shells, but can normally be done from the command line right before the php call. On Bash(Linux), e.g., one can use the following call to execute SMW_setup.php with different MW location.

export MW_INSTALL_PATH="/path/to/mediawiki" &&  php SMW_setup.php

### Trouble[edit | edit source]

If you work with GIT and use the (default) "master" (the development branch), really make sure that all your extensions are match, e.g. you could the "master" development versions.

cd extenstions/extension_X
git pull origin master

It also may happen that you installed a new version that does not work using `git pull`. In that case:

git tag -l | sort -V
git checkout <tag name>

For example:

cd extensions/SemanticForms
git tag -l
git checkout 2.5.2

Otherwise, there are various support options:

* Each extension does have a discussion page
* There is a global SMW mailing list

If you get something like:

php maintenance/update.php
MediaWiki 1.31.0 Updater

mediawiki/semantic-media-wiki: 2.5.8 installed, ~2.5 required.
mediawiki/maps: 5.6.0 installed, ~5.1 required.
mediawiki/semantic-result-formats: 2.5.6 installed, ~2.5 required.
mediawiki/sub-page-list: 1.5.0 installed, ~1.5 required.
mediawiki/graph-viz: 3.1.0 installed, * required.
Error: your composer.lock file is not up to date. Run "composer update --no-dev" to install newer dependencies

try:

php maintenance/update.php --skip-external-dependencies

Frankly, this is riculous. I thought that composer would be able to handle minor variantgs. using the ~ syntax.

### Upgrading[edit | edit source]

After each version upgrade, you should launch the maintenance script. A slower version also can be run by admins from the special pages. Finally, if you just run the global MW update script in the "normal" maintenance directory, it also will trigger running the SMW update script.

cd extensions/SemanticMediaWiki/maintenance
php SMW_setup.php

Upgrading can go wrong, however since all SMW information (at least at our level of use) sits within wiki pages, you will not have to worry about messing up information that sits in semantic mediawiki database tables. If you made mistakes, e.g. killed lines defining namespaces index numbers in LocalSettings.php, simply rebuild all the SMW-related tables. SMW Database tables are just for performance, i.e. they are a secondary store. Just to make sure: Do never ever mess up other tables, we just talk about SMW tables here !

Furthermore, it cannot hurt to dump the whole database before you upgrade the MW software or just the SMW extensions. I usually do not do that, since I first upgrade a test server or a less critical production wiki. We also got daily backups if things really become bad. The main problem I had with MW/SMW upgrades is just that some less critical extensions stop working. I then usually try to find a fix and if I don't, I'll trash these minor extensions.

See the next point about rebuilding the SMW databases !

### Cleaning up / repairing the Semantic MediaWiki tables[edit | edit source]

Disclaimer: If the following kills your wiki, erases your hard disk and burns down your office, do not blame me ! Read the documentation at the beginning of the script and evaluate the risks !

Let's assume that you created lots of useless parameters, that you created weird templates that produce illegal parameters etc. Time to clean up ! Although you could use the tools available in wiki's special pages, it maybe time to play with the maintenance scripts.

Read https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:RebuildData.php RebuildData.php

The rebuild data script will rebuild the database from SMW information found in pages.

The following script, if you use the -f option, will empty all semantic mediawiki tables and create the data again. Since all information is stored in both normal wiki pages and semantic MediaWiki namespaced pages, e.g. property:, the tables will be rebuilt by going through all wikipages in all namespaces. In other words, by erasing all the database tables, you should not loose any information.

-f - kill everything
-d 100 - parse a page every 100 milliseconds
-v - be verbose

cd SemanticMediaWiki/maintenance
php rebuildData.php -f -d 100 -v

The script may choke on a page with a broken extension. E.g. in this wiki it was UML activity diagram. This page has ID=4219. If such a thing happens, just move on. Restart the script with the next page, e.g.

php rebuildData.php -d 100 -v -s 4220

Exemple, refreshing without killing anything, doing it a bit faster and without verbose output.

php rebuildData.php -d 50

The refreshData script is deprecated !!

You will notice that all bad properties are gone now if you look at special:properties

### The SMW database updating process[edit | edit source]

The SMW database should update each time a user does something.

To speed this, up you could run cronjobs.

Read Help:Maintenance

### Semantic MediaWiki extensions[edit | edit source]

* Extension:Semantic Forms is an extension to Semantic MediaWiki that allows users to add, edit and query structure data using forms.
* Installed in this wiki, see also: Semantic Forms

* Semantic Drilldown provides a page for drilling down through a site's data, using categories and filters on semantic properties.

* Semantic Result Formats is a Semantic MediaWiki extension that bundles a number of further result formats for SMW's inline queries. It supports formats such as graphing, plotting, timelines, etc. Examples:
* SemanticWeb.org (list)
* Process format. See e.g. Collaborative Process Development using Semantic MediaWiki

* Semantic Maps \- Semantic Maps (documentation)
* Installed (soon): See Semantic Maps

* Semantic Watchlist extends Semantic MediaWiki by adding the capability to watch/follow sets of properties for groups of pages (that can be specified with categories and namespaces).

* Surveys extension (not tested, not sure that is maintained)

* Semantic Extra Special Properties
* Will add some more built-in properties to pages, so that you could extract more information from all pages, e.g. contributing users, views, etc. (not tested so far)

Other useful extensions to use with SMW

* MyVariables. This simple extensions defines some extra variables (magic words) you could use, in particular `{{CURRENTUSER}}` that you could use for reporting/tracking applications.

* External Data (aka "ED"), allows MediaWiki pages to retrieve, filter, and format structure data from one or more sources. These sources can include an external URLs, a regular wiki page, an uploaded file, an LDAP directory and a database.

### Data import/export[edit | edit source]

* Support for RDF triplestores (via SPARQL)

### SMW packaged services and distributions[edit | edit source]

* SMW+ is a prepackaged version of MediaWiki/Semantic Wiki described as "semantic enterprise wiki that lets you create and share knowledge with your team." Both a free version and a pro version are available.

### Programming SMW extensions[edit | edit source]

Read:

* Programmer's guide to SMW
* SMW Architecture guide

Code documentation:

* http://semantic-mediawiki.org/doc/

Tutorials and examples:

* User:Yury Katkov/programming examples
* SMWCON Fall 2013 Tutorial Day, e.g. Toni Hermoso Pulido's https://slid.es/similis/mediawiki-extensions and Jeroen De Dauw's tutorial slides on SMW programming

## Links[edit | edit source]

### Official other important SMW sites[edit | edit source]

* SMW - Semantic MediaWiki
* SMW Community Wiki
* Referata (wiki hosting site plus support materials)
* SMWforum

### Events[edit | edit source]

* SMWCon Fall 2013

### Manuals and introductions[edit | edit source]

See also: User manual, which includes additional links

Official

* User manual (Entry page)

* Admin manual (Entry page)

* Quick Reference Guide: PNG or PDF

* http://workingwithmediawiki.com (the book written by Yaron Koren)

* Help:Repairing SMW's data. Since all SMW data is stored in wiki pages, data cannot be truly lost or corrupted. You can easily rebuild the database tables.

* The API includes some specific SMW actions]

Tips

* Tips at Referata.com

### Tutorials[edit | edit source]

* Mediawiki and Semantic MediaWiki tutorial.pdf (Spring 2011 SMWCon)

* Applied SMW by Jesse Wang et al. (Spring 2011 SMWCon)

* Introduction to Semantic MediaWiki. Short intro from the National Cancer Institute.

* Help:Semantic annotation

* The Semantic Puzzle, Short Semantic MediaWiki Tutorial (with link to sandbox), November 5, 2008 by Thomas Schandl (but the demo wiki is broken as of July 2013)

* Die Wiki-Erweiterungen Semantic Mediawiki und Semantic Forms, Struktur fürs Wiki, by Rolf Strathewerd, Linux Magazin, July 2009.

* Organisationstalent, Wissen verwalten mit Semantic MediaWiki, by Robert Seetzen, C'T Magazin, No 19, 2013. (Access restricted), Euro 4.20

* Use Semantic Mediawiki & Semantic Forms to Create a Folksonomy for Tagging Related Pages, Posted on August 28, 2012 by Chris Koerner.

* Information Modelling With a Semantic MediaWiki (2008), slides by Karin Hanelt, Fraunhofer.

### Various[edit | edit source]

* Semantic MediaWiki (Wikipedia)

* Semantic MediaWiki vs. Sharepoint at Wikiworks.com

* WikiWorks blog

* blog (Jeroen De Dauw, a SWM key developer, interesting posts)

* Semantic MediaWiki page at TechPresentations.org (includes some slides, etc.)

* New York Semantic Web Meetup (last updated 2010, includes pointers to events)

* SMW overview (short intro, referring to tables)

* SMWCon also known as the Semantic MediaWiki Conference, is a twice-yearly gathering for users, developers and enthusiasts of Semantic MediaWiki,

* W3C Semantic Web wiki (not directly related to SWM, but they use a SWM forms, e.g. a Tool template)

### Semantic MediaWiki sites[edit | edit source]

Indexes (listed sites below were more or less randomly chosen)

* Semantic Statistics List and statistics for semantic mediawiki sites at Wikiapiary.

* MediaWiki sites (Index) available at SMW Community Wiki

* Sites using Semantic MediaWiki (Index)

* Testimonials (not many)

Plants

* Gardenology.org - Plant & Garden Wiki Encyclopedia is a complete plant and garden wiki encyclopedia. So far we have 21,980 plant entries and other articles written and edited by gardeners from around the globe (June 2013).
* Practical Plants. Practical Plants is a collaboratively edited encyclopedia and database of information on plants cultivated with a practical intention. Over 7400 plant articles covering edible, medicinal and material uses, propagation and cultivation information, plant associations and polycultures, and everything else you need to know to grow and benefit from practical plants.
* food finds
* Pest Information Wiki includes 117299 research publications and other information on pests, diseases and weeds. Organized by the International Society for Pest Information (ISPI)

Biology

* SNPedia, a wiki investigating human genetics.

Research and artifacts

* Swiss Experimnet, A platform to enable real-time environmental experiments through wireless sensor networks and a common, modern, generic cyber-infrastructure.
* AcaWiki enables you to easily post summaries and literature reviews of peer-reviewed research
* Creative Commons Wiki Quote: The purpose of this wiki is to help you learn more about CC and give you a chance to collaborate with us. Read Case study of a simple but highly effective use of Semantic MediaWiki on the CC Wiki by Alex Kozak, September 8th, 2010

Computer science and digital design/fabrication

* AIFB Web Portal, at Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB) at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. (Includes prime contributors to the Semantic MediaWiki code).
* catalogs useful free software that runs under free operating systems
* Hackerspaces. Quote: are community-operated physical places, where people can meet and work on their projects. This website is for Anyone and Everyone who wants to share their hackerspace stories and questions with the global hackerspaces community.
* Domotiki.eu, base de connaissance sur la domotique : Matériels, Logiciels, Protocoles, Revendeurs, Installateurs, Constructeurs...

## Bibliography[edit | edit source]

See also: Semantic MediaWiki publications at semantic-mediawiki.org

* Bao, J., Ding, L., & Hendler, J. (2008). Knowledge representation and query in semantic mediawiki: A formal study. Tetherless World Constellation (RPI) Technical Report. PDF. (I found this to be a good introduction to the formal aspects of SMW, although some parts are quite heavy..- Daniel K. Schneider (talk) 12:27, 28 June 2013 (CEST))

* Boulos, Maged N. Kamel (2009). Semantic Wikis: A Comprehensible Introduction with Examples from the Health Sciences, Journal of Emerging Technologies in Web Intelligence, Vol 1, No 1 (2009), 94-96, Aug 2009 doi:10.4304/jetwi.1.1.94-96

* Dengler, Frank and Hans-Jörg Happel. 2010. Collaborative modeling with semantic MediaWiki. In Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Wikis and Open Collaboration (WikiSym '10). ACM, New York, NY, USA, Article 23 , 2 pages. DOI=10.1145/1832772.1832802 http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1832772.1832802

* García, R. R., Gil, R. R., Gimeno, J. M., Granollers, T. T., López, J. M., Oliva, M. M., & Pascual, A. A. (2010). Semantic wiki for quality management in software development projects. IET Software, 4(6), 386-395. doi:10.1049/iet-sen.2010.0044

* Herzig, Daniel M. and Basil Ell: Semantic MediaWiki in Operation: Experiences with Building a Semantic Portal. Proceedings of the 9th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC-10). Springer 2010. PDF

* Koren, Yaron (2012). Working with MediaWiki, WikiWorks Press, ISBN 978-0615720302, http://workingwithmediawiki.com/

* Krötzsch, Markus; Denny Vrandecic, Max Völkel, Heiko Haller & Rudi Studer. Semantic Wikipedia. (2007). Journal of Web Semantics 5, pp. 251-261. Elsevier 2007.

* Krötzsch. M and D. Vrandecic. Wikipedia and the Semantic Web, part 2, Second International Wikimedia Conference, Wikimania2006, Cambridge, MA, USA.

* Krötzsch. M, D. Vrandecic, M. Völkel, H. Haller, and R. Studer. Semantic Wikipedia (ESWC2006 demo), European Semantic Web Conference, ESWC2006, Budva, Montenegro. Best Poster Award.

* Krötzsch. M, D. Vrandecic, and M. Völkel (2005) Wikipedia and the Semantic Web - The Missing Links, First International Wikimedia Conference, Wikimania2005, Frankfurt, Germany.

* Krötzsch, M., & Vrandecic, D. (2009). Semantic wikipedia. In Social Semantic Web (pp. 393-421). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

* Krötzsch, M., & Vrandečić, D. (2011). Semantic mediawiki. In Foundations for the Web of Information and Services (pp. 311-326). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

* Kumar, S., Schiffer, P. H., & Blaxter, M. (2012). 959 Nematode Genomes: a semantic wiki for coordinating sequencing projects. Nucleic acids research, 40(D1), D1295-D1300. Abstract/HTML/PDF (Describes http://www.nematodes.org/nematodegenomes/)

* Millard, Ian, Afraz Jaffri, H. Glaser, and UB. Rodriguez-Castro. Using a Semantic MediaWiki to Interact with a Knowledge Based Infrastructure, International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management, Podebrady, Czech Republic, 2006.

* Reutelshoefer, J., Lemmerich, F., Haupt, F., & Baumeister, J. (2009). An extensible semantic wiki architecture. In 4th Semantic Wiki Workshop (SemWiki). PDF Preprint ?

* Sateli, B., S. S. Rajivelu, E. Angius, and R. Witte, "ReqWiki: A Semantic System for Collaborative Software Requirements Engineering", The 8th International Symposium on Wikis and Open Collaboration (WikiSym 2012), Linz, Austria : ACM, 08/2012 (Describes ReWiki, a software requirements engineerin "bundle" based on SMW)

* Sateli, B., E. Angius, S. S. Rajivelu, and R. Witte, "Can Text Mining Assistants Help to Improve Requirements Specifications?", Mining Unstructured Data (MUD 2012), Kingston, Ontario, Canada, October 17, 2012.

* Schaffert, Sebastian, Joachim Baumeister, François Bry and Malte Kiesel (2008). Semantic Wikis. IEEE Software, 25 (4) 8-11.

* Schaffert, Sebastian; Diana Bischof, Tobias Bürger, Andreas Gruber, Wolf Hilzensauer and Sandra Schaffert (2006). Learning with Semantic Wikis. In: Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Semantic Wikis

* Rutledge, Lloyd and Rineke Oostenrijk (2011). Applying and Extending Semantic Wikis for Semantic Web Courses. International Workshop on eLearning Approaches for the Linked Data Age, Heraclion, Crete, Greece.

* Vrandecic, Denny; Yaron Koren, Daniel Kinzler (2011). Towards a Semantic Wikipedia, Open submission for Wikimania 2011. (Abstract only)

* Völkel, M et al. (2006). Web 2.0, Social Tagging & Co at the Presentation at AKWM, Karlsruhe.

* Völkel. M, M. Krötzsch, D. Vrandecic, H. Haller, R. Studer. Semantic Wikipedia, presented at WWW2006
* slides as PDF

* Yao, W. (2012). Specifying semantic information on functional requirements. MA Thesis. University of Tampere (PDF)