ACM Computing Classification System

Short description: Classification system for computer science topics

The ACM Computing Classification System (CCS) is a subject classification system for computing devised by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). The system is comparable to the Mathematics Subject Classification (MSC) in scope, aims, and structure, being used by the various ACM journals to organize subjects by area.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Structure
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## History

The system has gone through seven revisions, the first version being published in 1964, and revised versions appearing in 1982, 1983, 1987, 1991, 1998, and the now current version in 2012.

## Structure

It is hierarchically structured in four levels. For example, one branch of the hierarchy contains:

Computing methodologies

Artificial intelligence

Knowledge representation and reasoning

Ontology engineering

## See also

* Computer Science Ontology
* Physics and Astronomy Classification Scheme
* arXiv, a preprint server allowing submitted papers to be classified using the ACM CCS
* Physics Subject Headings

## References

* Coulter, Neal (1997), "ACM's computing classification system reflects changing times", Communications of the ACM (New York, NY, USA: ACM) 40 (12): 111–112, doi:10.1145/265563.265579 .
* Coulter, Neal (chair); French, James; Glinert, Ephraim; Horton, Thomas; Mead, Nancy; Ralston, Anthony; Rada, Roy; Rodkin, Craig et al. (January 21, 1998), "Computing Classification System 1998: Current Status and Future Maintenance Report of the CCS Update Committee", Computing Reviews (New York, NY, USA: ACM): 1–5, http://www.acm.org/about/class/ccsup.pdf .
* Mirkin, Boris; Nascimento, Susana; Pereira, Luis Moniz (2008), "Representing a Computer Science Research Organization on the ACM Computing Classification System", in Eklund, Peter; Haemmerlé, Ollivier, Supplementary Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Conceptual Structures (ICCS-2008), CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 354, RWTH Aachen University, pp. 57–65, http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-354/p19.pdf .

## External links

* dl.acm.org/ccs is the homepage of the system, including links to four complete versions of the system:
* the 1964 version
* the 1991 version
* the 1998 version
* the current 2012 version.
* The ACM Computing Research Repository uses a classification scheme that is much coarser than the ACM subject classification, and does not cover all areas of CS, but is intended to better cover active areas of research. In addition, papers in this repository are classified according to the ACM subject classification.

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ACM Computing Classification System

The 2012 version of the ACM classification has the following main categories.

General and reference|

Document types • Cross-computing tools and techniques

Hardware|

Printed circuit boards • Communication hardware, interfaces and storage • Integrated circuits • Very large scale integration design • Power and energy • Electronic design automation • Hardware validation • Hardware test • Robustness • Emerging technologies

Computer systems organization|

Architectures • Embedded and cyber-physical systems • Real-time systems • Dependable and fault-tolerant systems and networks

Networks|

Network architectures • Network protocols • Network components • Network algorithms • Network performance evaluation • Network properties • Network services • Network types

Software and its engineering|

Software organization and properties • Software notations and tools • Software creation and management

Theory of computation|

Models of computation • Formal languages and automata theory • Computational complexity and cryptography • Logic • Design and analysis of algorithms • Randomness, geometry and discrete structures • Theory and algorithms for application domains • Semantics and reasoning

Mathematics of computing|

Discrete mathematics • Probability and statistics • Mathematical software • Information theory • Mathematical analysis • Continuous mathematics

Information systems|

Data management systems • Information storage systems • Information systems applications • World Wide Web • Information retrieval

Security and privacy|

Cryptography • Formal methods and theory of security • Security services • Intrusion/anomaly detection and malware mitigation • Security in hardware • Systems security • Network security • Database and storage security • Software and application security • Human and societal aspects of security and privacy

Human-centered computing|

Human–computer interaction • Interaction design • Collaborative and social computing • Ubiquitous and mobile computing • Visualization • Accessibility

Computing methodologies|

Symbolic and algebraic manipulation • Parallel computing methodologies • Artificial intelligence • Machine learning • Modeling and simulation • Computer graphics • Distributed computing methodologies • Concurrent computing methodologies

Applied computing|

Electronic commerce • Enterprise computing • Physical sciences and engineering • Life and medical sciences • Law, social and behavioral sciences • Computer forensics • Arts and humanities • Computers in other domains • Operations research • Education • Document management and text processing

Social and professional topics|

Professional topics • Computing/technology policy • User characteristics

Proper nouns: people, technologies and companies|

Companies • Organizations • People in computing • Technologies

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Computer science

Note: This template roughly follows the 2012 ACM Computing Classification System.

Hardware|

* Printed circuit board
* Peripheral
* Integrated circuit
* Very Large Scale Integration
* Systems on Chip (SoCs)
* Energy consumption (Green computing)
* Electronic design automation
* Hardware acceleration

Computer systems
organization|

* Computer architecture
* Embedded system
* Real-time computing
* Dependability

Networks|

* Network architecture
* Network protocol
* Network components
* Network scheduler
* Network performance evaluation
* Network service

Software organization|

* Interpreter
* Middleware
* Virtual machine
* Operating system
* Software quality

Software notations
and tools|

* Programming paradigm
* Programming language
* Compiler
* Domain-specific language
* Modeling language
* Software framework
* Integrated development environment
* Software configuration management
* Software library
* Software repository

Software development|

* Software development process
* Requirements analysis
* Software design
* Software construction
* Software deployment
* Software maintenance
* Programming team
* Open-source model

Theory of computation|

* Model of computation
* Formal language
* Automata theory
* Computational complexity theory
* Logic
* Semantics

Algorithms|

* Algorithm design
* Analysis of algorithms
* Algorithmic efficiency
* Randomized algorithm
* Computational geometry

Mathematics
of computing|

* Discrete mathematics
* Probability
* Statistics
* Mathematical software
* Information theory
* Mathematical analysis
* Numerical analysis

Information
systems|

* Database management system
* Information storage systems
* Enterprise information system
* Social information systems
* Geographic information system
* Decision support system
* Process control system
* Multimedia information system
* Data mining
* Digital library
* Computing platform
* Digital marketing
* World Wide Web
* Information retrieval

Security|

* Cryptography
* Formal methods
* Security services
* Intrusion detection system
* Hardware security
* Network security
* Information security
* Application security

Human–computer
interaction|

* Interaction design
* Social computing
* Ubiquitous computing
* Visualization
* Accessibility

Concurrency|

* Concurrent computing
* Parallel computing
* Distributed computing
* Multithreading
* Multiprocessing

Artificial
intelligence|

* Natural language processing
* Knowledge representation and reasoning
* Computer vision
* Automated planning and scheduling
* Search methodology
* Control method
* Philosophy of artificial intelligence
* Distributed artificial intelligence

Machine learning|

* Supervised learning
* Unsupervised learning
* Reinforcement learning
* Multi-task learning
* Cross-validation

Graphics|

* Animation
* Rendering
* Image manipulation
* Graphics processing unit
* Mixed reality
* Virtual reality
* Image compression
* Solid modeling

Applied
computing|

* E-commerce
* Enterprise software
* Computational mathematics
* Computational physics
* Computational chemistry
* Computational biology
* Computational social science
* Computational engineering
* Computational healthcare
* Digital art
* Electronic publishing
* Cyberwarfare
* Electronic voting
* Video games
* Word processing
* Operations research
* Educational technology
* Document management

* Book
* Category
* Outline
* WikiProject
* Commons

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