Antiquarian science books

Short description: Original historical works on science and technology

Antiquarian science books are original historical works (e.g., books or technical papers) concerning science, mathematics and sometimes engineering. These books are important primary references for the study of the history of science and technology, they can provide valuable insights into the historical development of the various fields of scientific inquiry (History of science, History of mathematics, etc.)

Vesalius, Fabrica, 16th century

The landmark are significant first (or early) editions typically worth hundreds or thousands of dollars (prices may vary widely based on condition, etc.).[1] Reprints of these books are often available, for example from Great Books of the Western World, Dover Publications or Google Books.

Incunabula are extremely rare and valuable, but as the Scientific Revolution is only taken to have started around the 1540s, such works of Renaissance literature (including alchemy, Renaissance magic, etc.) are not usually included under the notion of "scientific" literature. Printed originals of the beginning Scientific Revolution thus date to the 1540s or later, notably beginning with the original publication of Copernican heliocentrism. Nicolaus Copernicus' De revolutionibus orbium coelestium of 1543 sold for more than US$2 million at auctions.[2]

## Contents

* 1 List of notable books
* 1.1 16th century
* 1.2 17th century
* 1.3 18th century
* 1.4 19th century
* 1.5 20th century (pre-Cold War)
* 2 References
* 3 External links

## List of notable books

Copernicus, De revolutionibus, 1500s

### 16th century

* Tartaglia, Niccolò. Nova Scientia (A New Science). Venice, 1537. Ballistics.
* Biringuccio, Vannoccio. De la pirotechnia. Venice, 1540. Metallurgy.
* Fuchs, Leonhart. De Historia Stirpium Commentarii Insignes. Basel, 1542. Botany.
* Copernicus, Nicolaus. De revolutionibus orbium coelestium.[3] Wittenberg, 1543. Copernican heliocentrism.
* Vesalius, Andreas. De humani corporis fabrica (On the Structure of the Human Body).[4] Basel, 1543. Anatomy.
* Cardano, Gerolamo. Artis magnae sive de regulis algebraicis (The Art of Solving Algebraic Equations). Nuremberg, 1545. Algebra.
* Brunfels, Otto. Kreuterbüch, 1546. Botany.
* Gessner, Conrad. Historia Animalium[5] 1551-58. Zoology
* Bock, Hieronymus. Kreutterbuch. Strasbourg, 1552. Botany.
* Paracelsus. Theil der grossen Wundartzney.[6] Frankfurt, 1556. Medicine.
* Agricola, Georgius. De re metallica. Basel, 1561. Mineralogy.
* Regiomontanus. De triangulis planis et sphaericis libri quinque.[7] Basel, 1561. Trigonometry.
* Bombelli, Rafael. Algebra. 1569/1572. Imaginary numbers.
* Cesalpino, Andrea. De plantis libri XVI. 1583. Taxonomy.
* Bruno, Giordano. De l'infinito, universo e mondi.[8] 1584 Cosmology.
* Stevin, Simon. De Thiende. 1585. Decimal numeral system.
* Stevin, Simon. De Beghinselen der Weeghconst. 1586. Statics.
* Brahe, Tycho. Astronomiae Instauratae Progymnasmata. 1588. Astronomy.
* Viète, François. In artem analyticum isagoge (Introduction to the Analytical Art).[9] Tours, 1591. Algebra.
* Ruini, Carlo. Anatomia del Cavallo. Venice, 1598. Veterinary medicine.

Newton, Principia, 1600s

### 17th century

* Gilbert, William. De Magnete.[10] London, 1600 Magnetism
* Galilei, Galileo. Sidereus Nuncius (The Starry Messenger). Frankfurt, 1610. Astronomy
* Napier, John. Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Descriptio,[11] 1614. Logarithms
* Kepler, Johannes. Harmonices Mundi.[12] Linz, 1619. Celestial mechanics
* Bacon, Francis. Novum Organum. London, 1620. Experimentation
* Galilei, Galileo. Dialogo sopra i due massimi sistemi del mondo Tolemaico, e Coperniciano. Florence, 1632. Heliocentrism
* Descartes, René. Discours de la Methode / La Geometrie. Leiden, 1637 Analytical geometry
* Fermat, Pierre de. Methodus ad disquirendam maximam et minimam,[13] 1638. Calculus
* Galilei, Galileo. Discorsi e dimostrazioni matematiche, intorno a due nuove scienze. Leiden, 1638. Classical dynamics
* Desargues, Gérard. Brouillon-project d'une atteinte aux evenemens des rencontres du cone avec un plan, 1639. Projective geometry.
* Harvey, William. Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus (Anatomical Exercises, Concerning the Heart and Blood)[14] London, 1653. Circulatory system
* Wallis, John. Arithmetica infinitorum, 1655. Calculus
* Boyle, Robert. The Sceptical Chymist.[15] London, 1661. Chemistry
* Pascal, Blaise. Traitez de l'Equilibre des Liqueurs, et de la Pesanteur de la Masse de l'Air.[16] Paris, 1663. Fluid statics
* Gregory, James. Optica Promota, 1663. Optics
* Hooke, Robert. Micrographia. London, 1665. Microscopy
* Steno, Nicolas. De Solido intra Solidum Naturaliter Contento Dissertationis Prodromus. Florence, 1669. Stratigraphy
* Barrow, Isaac. Lectiones geometricae,[17] 1670. Calculus
* von Guericke, Otto. Experimenta Nova (ut vocantur) Magdeburgica de Vacuo Spatio.[18] Magdeburger Halbkugeln, 1672. Experimental physics
* Huygens, Christiaan. Horologium Oscillatorium. Paris, 1673. Pendulus.
* Fermat, Pierre de. Ad locus planos et solidos isagoge, 1679. Analytic geometry
* Leibniz, Gottfried. Nova Methodus pro Maximis et Minimis, 1684. Calculus
* Newton, Isaac. Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica.[19] London, 3 Vol, 1687. Classical mechanics
* Huygens, Christiaan. Traité de la Lumière. Leiden, 1690. Optics
* Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm. Specimen Dynamicum. Vienna, 1695. Classical mechanics
* van Leeuwenhoek, Antonie. Arcana Naturae, Ope & Beneficio Exquisitissimorum Microscopiorum.[20] Leiden, 1696. Microbiology
* l'Hôpital, Guillaume de. Analyse des infiniment petits. Paris, 1696. Calculus

Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, 1700s

### 18th century

* Newton, Isaac (England). Opticks.[21] London, 1704. Optics
* Taylor, Brook (England). Methodus Incrementorum Directa et Inversa,[22] 1715. Taylor series
* Linnaeus, Carl (Sweden). Systema Naturae. Netherlands, 1735. Linnaean taxonomy
* Bernoulli, Daniel (Netherlands). Hydrodynamica. Strasbourg, 1738, Fluid dynamics
* d'Alembert, Jean le Rond (France). Réflexions sur la cause générale des vents,[23] 1747. Complex numbers
* Euler, Leonhard (Switzerland). Introductio in analysin infinitorum. Lausanne, 1748. Mathematical analysis
* Franklin, Benjamin (America). Experiments and Observations on Electricity.[24] London/Philadelphia, 1751. Electricity
* Bayes, Thomas (England). An Essay Towards Solving a Problem in the Doctrine of Chances.[25] London, 1763. Inverse probability
* Volta, Alessandro (Italy). De vi attractiva ignis electrici, ac phaenomenis inde pendentibus,[26] 1769. Electricity
* Smith, Adam (Scotland). An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. London, 2 Vol, 1776. Capitalism
* Monge, Gaspard (France). Sur la théorie des déblais et des remblais,[27] 1781. Descriptive geometry.
* Lagrange, Joseph (Italy). Mécanique analytique. Paris, 1788. Dynamics
* Hutton, James (Scotland). Theory of the Earth.[28] Edinburgh, 1788. Geology
* Lavoisier, Antoine (France). Traité Élémentaire de Chimie (Elements of Chemistry).[29] Paris, 2 Vol, 1789. Chemistry
* Galvani, Luigi (Italy). De viribus electricitatis in motu musculari commentarius[30] Bologna, 1791. Electricity
* Legendre, Adrien-Marie (France). Essai sur la théorie des nombres.[31] Paris, 1798. Number theory
* Jenner, Edward (England). An Inquiry into the Causes and Effects of the Variolæ Vaccinæ.[32][33] 1798. Immunology
* Wessel, Caspar (Norway). Om directionens analytiske betegning.[34] Copenhagen, 1799. Imaginary numbers
* Ruffini, Paolo (Italy). Teoria generale dele equazioni, in cui si dimostra impossibile. La soluzione algebraica delle equazioni generali di grado superiore al quatro. Bologna, 1799. Algebra

Lyell, Principles of Geology, 1800s

### 19th century

* Gauss, Carl Friedrich (Germany). Disquisitiones Arithmeticae.[35] Leipzig, 1801. Number theory
* Young, Thomas (England). Experiments and Calculations Relative to Physical Optics,[36] 1803. Light
* Argand, Jean-Robert (Switzerland). Essai sur une maniere de representer les quantities imaginaries dans les constructions geometriques,[37] 1806. Imaginary numbers.
* Dalton, John (England). A New System of Chemical Philosophy.[38] London, 1808. Atomic theory
* Berzelius, Jöns Jacob (Sweden). Läroboken i kemien,[39] 1808. Chemistry
* Cayley, George (England). On Aerial Navigation.[40] Brompton, 3 Vol, 1809. Aeronautics.
* Ørsted, Hans Christian (Denmark). Experimenta circa effectum conflictus electrici in acum magneticam.[41][42] Copenhagen, 1820. Electromagnetism.
* Fourier, Joseph (France). Théorie Analytique de la Chaleur.[43] Paris, 1822. Fourier series.
* Fresnel, Augustin-Jean (France). Mémoire Sur Un Nouveau Système D'Éclairage Des Phares Lu À L'Académie Des Sciences. Paris, 1822. Wave optics
* Babbage, Charles (England). Mr. Babbage's invention: Application of machinery to the purpose of calculating and printing mathematical tables.[44] London, 1823. Computing
* Lobachevsky, Nikolai (Russia). Geometriya.[45] 1823. Non-Euclidean geometry
* Cauchy, Augustin-Louis (France). Le calcul infinitesimal.[46] Paris, 1823. Mathematical analysis
* Carnot, Sadi (France). Réflexions sur la Puissance Motrice du Feu et sur les machines propres à déveloper cette puissance. Paris, 1824. Thermodynamics
* Ampère, André-Marie (France). Mémoire sur la théorie mathématique des phénomènes électrodynamiques,[47] 1827. Electromagnetism
* Laplace, Pierre-Simon (France). Traité de Mécanique Céleste.[48] Paris, 1827. Classical mechanics
* Ohm, Georg (Germany). Die Galvanische Kette mathematisch bearbeitet.[49] Berlin, 1827. Electricity
* Lyell, Charles (Scotland). Principles of Geology.[50] London, 1830. Geology
* Poisson, Siméon Denis (France). Théorie Mathématique de la Chaleur. Paris, 1835. Heat transfer
* Faraday, Michael (England). Experimental Researches in Electricity.[51][52] London, 1839-55. Electricity.
* Babbage, Charles & Lovelace, Ada (England). Sketch of the Analytical Engine invented by Charles Babbage (with additional notes by Augusta Ada, Countess of Lovelace),[53] 1843. Computing
* Joule, James P. (England). On the Calorific Effects of Magneto-Electricity, and on the Mechanical Value of Heat.[54][55] London, 1843. Conservation of energy
* Hamilton, William Rowan (Ireland). On Quaternions. London/Edinburgh/Dublin, 1844. Quaternions.
* von Helmholtz, Hermann (Germany). Über die Erhaltung der Kraft (On the Conservation of Force).[56] 1847. Conservation of energy
* Clausius, Rudolf (Germany). Ueber die bewegende Kraft der Wärme (On the Moving Force of Heat and the Laws of Heat which may be Deduced Therefrom).[57] Leipzig, 1850. Laws of thermodynamics
* Thomson, William (1st Baron Kelvin) (Scotland/Ireland). On the dynamical theory of heat, with numerical results deduced from Mr Joule's equivalent of a thermal unit and M. Regnault's observations on steam.[58] Edinburgh, 1851. Thermodynamics
* Boole, George (England). An Investigation of the Laws of Thought.[59] London, 1854. Boolean algebra
* Maury, Matthew Fontaine (America). The Physical Geography of the Sea.[60] New York, 1855. Oceanography
* Virchow, Rudolf (Germany). Die Cellularpathologie in ihrer Begründung auf physiologische und pathologische Gewebelehre.[61] 1858. Cellular pathology
* Darwin, Charles (England). On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection.[62] London, 1859. Evolutionary biology
* Pasteur, Louis (France). Memoire sur les corpuscules organises qui existent dans l'atmosphere.[63] Paris, 1861. Microbiology.
* Lejeune Dirichlet, P. G. (Germany). Vorlesungen über Zahlentheorie. Braunschweig, 1863, Number theory.
* Bernard, Claude (France). Introduction à l'étude de la médecine expérimentale.[64] Paris, 1865. Physiology
* Mendel, Gregor (Czech Republic/Austria). Versuche über Pflanzen-Hybriden (Experiments on Plant Hybridization).[65][66] Brno, 1866. Genetics
* Riemann, Bernhard (Germany). Ueber die Hypothesen, welche der Geometrie zu Grunde liegen.[67] Göttingen, 1868. Riemannian geometry
* Beltrami, Eugenio (Italy). Saggio di interpretazione della geometria non-euclidea (Essay on an interpretation of non-Euclidean geometry),[68] 1868. Hyperbolic geometry
* Galton, Francis (England). Hereditary Genius: An Inquiry into Its Laws and Consequences. London, 1869, Statistics
* Cohn, Ferdinand (Poland). Untersuchungen ueber Bacterien.[69] Breslau, 3 Vol, 1870. Bacteriology.
* Darwin, Charles (England). The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex.[70] London, 1871. Evolutionary biology.
* Marx, Karl (Germany). Das Kapital. St. Petersburg, 1872. Economics.
* Maxwell, James Clerk (Scotland). A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism.[71] Oxford, 2 Vol, 1873. Classical electromagnetism.
* Koch, Robert (Germany). Untersuchungen uber die aetiologie der wundinfectionskrankheiter. Leipzig, 1878. Bacteriology.
* Gibbs, Willard (America). On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances. New Haven, 1878. Physical chemistry
* Michelson, Albert A. (America). Experimental Determination of the Velocity of Light. Annapolis, 1880. Speed of light.
* Abel, Niels Henrik (Norway). Oeuvres complètes, 1881. Mathematical analysis.
* Zhukovsky, Nikolai (Russia). O protchnosti dvizheniya (The Durability of Motion). Moscow, 1882. Aeronautics.
* Cantor, Georg (Russia/Germany). Grundlagen einer allgemeinen Mannigfaltigkeitslehre.[72] Leipzig, 1883. Set theory.
* James, William (America). The Principles of Psychology. New York, 1890. Psychology
* Mendeleev, Dmitri (Russia). Principles of Chemistry. London, 1891. Chemistry
* Newcomb, Simon (America). Astronomical Papers Prepared for the Use of the American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac. Washington, D.C., 1891. Astronomy
* Poincare, Henri (France). Les méthodes nouvelles de la mécanique céleste.[73] Paris, 1892. Celestial mechanics
* Tesla, Nikola (Croatia/America). Experiments with Alternate Currents of High Potential and High Frequency. New York, 1892. Electricity
* Hertz, Heinrich (Germany). Untersuchungen über die Ausbreitung der elektrischen Kraft (Electric Waves).[74][75] 1893. Electromagnetic radiation
* Röntgen, Wilhelm (Germany). Ueber eine neue Art von Strahlen (On A New Kind Of Rays).[76] 1895. X-rays
* Bolyai, János (Hungary). The Science of Absolute Space.[77] 1896. Non-Euclidean geometry
* Galois, Évariste (France). Oeuvres Mathematiques d'Évariste Galois. Paris, 1897. Group theory
* Curie, Marie (Poland/France) & Curie, Pierre (France). Sur une nouvelle substance fortement radio-active, contenue dans la pechblende [78] (Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences). Paris, 1898. Radioactivity
* Hilbert, David (Germany). Grundlagen der Geometrie (The Foundations of Geometry).[79] 1899. Mathematics
* Ramón y Cajal, Santiago (Spain). Textura del sistema nervioso del hombre y los vertebrados[80] 1899-1904. Neuroscience

Einstein, The Principle of Relativity, 1900s

### 20th century (pre-Cold War)

* Planck, Max (Germany). Zur Theorie des Gesetzes der Energieverteilung im Normalspectrum.[81] Leipzig, 1900. Quantum mechanics
* Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin Eduardovich (Russia). The Exploration of Cosmic Space by Means of Reaction Devices. Kaluga, 1903. Rockets
* Rutherford, Ernest (New Zealand). Radio-activity.[82] Cambridge, 1904. Nuclear physics
* Lorentz, Hendrik (Netherlands). Electromagnetic phenomena in a system moving with any velocity smaller than that of light.[83] Amsterdam, 1904. Special relativity
* Einstein, Albert[84] (Germany). Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper ("On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies")[85] Leipzig, 1905.[86] Special relativity
* Einstein, Albert (Germany). Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?[87] Leipzig, 1905. Physics
* Richardson, Lewis (England). The Approximate Arithmetical Solution by Finite Differences of Physical Problems Involving Differential Equations, with an Application to the Stresses in a Masonry Dam.[88] London, 1910. Computational mechanics
* Boas, Franz (Germany/America). The Mind of Primitive Man.[89] New York, 1911. Anthropology
* Bohr, Niels (Denmark). On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules.[90][91][92] London, 1913. Quantum mechanics
* Einstein, Albert (Germany). Die Grundlage Der Allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie (Foundations of the General Theory of Relativity).[93] Leipzig, 1916. Physics.
* Goddard, Robert Hutchings (America). A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes. Washington, D.C, 1919. Rockets
* de Broglie, Louis (France). Recherches sur la théorie des quanta (Research on Quantum Theory),[94] 1924. Wave–particle duality
* Whitehead, Alfred North (England) and Russell, Bertrand (England). Principia Mathematica. Cambridge, 1925. Mathematics
* Heisenberg, Werner (Germany). Über quantentheorestische Umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer Beziehungen. Berlin, 1925. Quantum mechanics
* Schrödinger, Erwin (Austria). Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem.[95] Leipzig, 1926. Quantum mechanics
* Heisenberg, Werner (Germany). Über den anschaulichen Inhalt der quantentheoretischen Kinematik und Mechanik[96] Berlin, 1927. Quantum mechanics
* Pavlov, Ivan (Russia). Conditioned Reflexes. New York, 1928. Classical conditioning
* Oberth, Hermann (Romania). Wege zur Raumschiffahrt (Ways to Spaceflight).[97] Munich/Berlin, 1929. Rockets
* Hubble, Edwin (America). A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae.[98] Washington, D.C., 1929. Astrophysics
* Dirac, Paul (England). The Principles of Quantum Mechanics. Oxford, 1930. Quantum mechanics.
* Gödel, Kurt (Czech Republic/America). On formally undecidable propositions of Principia Mathematica and related systems. Leipzig, 1931. Mathematical logic.
* von Neumann, John (Hungary/America). Mathematische Grundlagen der Quantenmechanik. 1932. Quantum mechanics
* Goddard, Robert Hutchings (America). Liquid Propellant Rocket Development.[99] Washington, D.C., 1936. Rockets
* Keynes, John Maynard (England). The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. London, 1936. Economics
* Church, Alonzo (America). A Note on the Entscheidungsproblem.[100] Ann Arbor, 1936. Computer science.
* Turing, Alan (England). On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem.[101] Cambridge, 1937. Computing
* Dobzhansky, Theodosius (Ukraine/America). Genetics and the Origin of Species. 1937. Evolutionary biology
* Shannon, Claude E. (America). A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits (Master's thesis, MIT).[102][103] 1937. Computing
* Pauling, Linus (America). The Nature of the Chemical Bond.[104] Ithaca, 1939. Chemistry.
* von Neumann, John (Hungary/America) & Morgenstern, Oskar (Germany/America). Theory of Games and Economic Behavior. Princeton, 1944. Game theory

## References

1. ↑ Prices quoted were collected using sources such as "International League of Antiquarian Booksellers". https://ilab.org/buy_books. "ABAA". https://www.abaa.org/. http://www.abebooks.com/servlet/SearchEntry http://www.sothebys.com http://www.christies.com
2. ↑ US$2,210,500 at a Christies auction in 2008.
3. ↑ De revolutionibus orbium coelestium , from Harvard University.
4. ↑ De Humani Corporis Fabrica online -- translated with full images, from Northwestern University
5. ↑ Rare Fish Books, ed. "HISTORIAE ANIMALIUM liber IIII (first edition)". http://rarefishbooks.com/k2-categories/Books/310-gessner-conrad-1516-1565.html.
6. ↑ First edition: "Theil der grossen Wundartzney". https://ilab.org/global_search?simpleSearch=1&keys=Theil+der+grossen+Wundartzney.
7. ↑ Polybiblio: Regiomontanus, Johannes/Santbech, Daniel, ed. De Triangulis Planis et Sphaericis libri quinque. Basel Henrich Petri & Petrus Perna 1561. First edition: De triangulis planis et sphaericis libri quinque
8. ↑ Giordano Bruno, De l'infinito, universo e mondi, a cura di Giovanni Aquilecchia, Sansoni, Firenze, 1985.
9. ↑ First edition: "Introduction to the analytical art". https://www.sophiararebooks.com/pages/books/3128/francois-viete-j-l-vaulezard/introduction-en-lart-analytic-ou-nouuelle-algebre-de-francois-viete-bound-with-les-cinq-livres-des.
10. ↑ De Magnete at Project Gutenberg. "De Magnete (first edition)". https://www.jonathanahill.com/pages/books/2520/william-gilbert/de-magnete-magneticisque-corporibus-et-de-magno-magnete-tellure-physiologia-nova-plurimis.
11. ↑ Mirifici logarithmorum canonis descriptio (Edward Wright's English translation was published in 1616). "Mirifici logarithmorum canonis constructio (early edition)". https://www.antiquariat-gruber.de/product.php?lang=de&action=details&catalog_id=&product_id=105659-01.
12. ↑ "Harmonices Mundi (first edition)". Ritterhude, Germany. https://www.milestone-books.de/pages/books/2603/johannes-kepler/prodromus-dissertationum-cosmographicarum-continens-mysterium-cosmographicum-de-admirabili.
13. ↑ First written in a letter to Mersenne in 1638, the first printed publication of the method is in the fifth volume of the "Supplementum Cursus Mathematici" (1642) written by Herigone, and only in 1679 it appears in Fermat's "Varia opera mathematica". Electronic version in latin. First edition of "Varia opera mat." at Jonathan A. Hill, Bookseller, Inc.
14. ↑ "De motu cordis et sanguinis in animalibus (early edition)". http://www.libreriabrighenti.it/libri/rare-books-libri-antichi/de-motu-cordis-et-sanguinis-in-animalibus-anatomica-exercitatio-detail.
15. ↑ "The Sceptical Chymist (first edition)". https://www.sophiararebooks.com/pages/books/4552/robert-boyle/the-sceptical-chymist-or-chymo-physical-doubts-and-paradoxes-touching-the-experiments-whereby.
16. ↑ "Traitez de l'équilibre des liqueurs (first edition)". http://hatchuel.fr/index.php?f=c.
17. ↑ Works by Isaac Barrow at Project Gutenberg. "Lectiones opticae & geometricae (first edition)". https://www.milestone-books.de/pages/books/1989/isaac-barrow-isaac-newton/lectiones-opticae-geometricae-in-quibus-phaenomenon-opticorum-genuinae-rationes.
18. ↑ First editions of Experimenta Nova available at ILAB
19. ↑ "Principia - Second edition, 1713". New York. https://www.jamescumminsbookseller.com/pages/books/252301/isaac-newton/philosophiae-naturalis-principia-mathematica-auctore-isaaco-newtonio-equite-aurato-editio.
20. ↑ "Arcana naturae (first edition)". https://www.milestone-books.de/pages/books/1987/anton-van-leeuwenhoek/arcana-naturae-detecta-arcana-naturae-detecta-editio-altera-continuatio-epistolarum-editio.
21. ↑ First editions at ILAB
22. ↑ Taylor, Brook (1715a), Methodus Incrementorum Directa et Inversa, London: William Innys, https://books.google.com/books?id=r-Gq9YyZYXYC&pg=PP3
23. ↑ "Reflexions sur la Cause generale des Vents (first edition)". https://www.jonathanahill.com/pages/books/3482/jean-le-rond-d-alembert/reflexions-sur-la-cause-generale-des-vents-piece-qui-a-remporte-le-prix-propose-par-lacademie.
24. ↑ "Experiments and Observations on Electricity (early edition)". https://shop.felcone.com/pages/books/12365/benjamin-franklin/experiments-and-observations-on-electricity-made-at-philadelphia.
25. ↑ "An Essay Towards Solving a Problem in the Doctrine of Chances (first edition)". https://www.manhattanrarebooks.com/pages/books/2090/thomas-bayes/an-essay-towards-solving-a-problem-in-the-doctrine-of-chances.
26. ↑ De vi attractiva ignis electrici (in latin)
27. ↑ Mémoire sur la théorie des déblais et des remblais De l'Imprimerie Royale.
28. ↑ "Theory of the Earth (first edition)". https://www.milestone-books.de/pages/books/1667/james-hutton/theory-of-the-earth-with-proofs-and-illustrations.
29. ↑ "Traité élémentaire de chimie (first edition)". http://www.alainbrieux.com/traite-elementaire-de-chimie-presente-dans-un-ordre-ako71393.html.
30. ↑ De viribus electricitatis, 1791. The International Centre for the History of Universities and Science (CIS), Università di Bologna
31. ↑ Essai sur la Théorie des Nombres (Paris: Duprat, 1798). First edition at Sophia Rare Books
32. ↑ A digitized copy of An inquiry into the causes and effects of the variola vaccine (1798), from the Posner Memorial Collection at Carnegie Mellon
33. ↑ "An inquiry into the causes and effects of the variola vaccine (first edition)". https://weberrarebooks.secure-chrislands.com/product/112161/An-Inquiry-into-the-Causes-and-Effects-of-the-Variolae-Vaccinae-A-disease-discovered-in-some-of-the-western-counties-of-England-particularly-Gloucestershire-and-known-by-the-name-of-the-Cow-Pox-JENNER-Edward-1749-1823.
34. ↑ Wessel, Caspar (1799). "Om Directionens analytiske Betegning, et Forsog, anvendt fornemmelig til plane og sphæriske Polygoners Oplosning" (in Danish). Nye Samling af det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter (Copenhagen: Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters) 5: 469–518. https://archive.org/stream/nyesamlingafdetk5179kong#page/468/mode/2up.
35. ↑ "Disquisitiones arithmeticae (first edition)". London. https://www.abebooks.com/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=16783182952&searchurl=kn=Disquisitiones+arithmeticae&sortby;=1&cm_sp=snippet-_-srp1-_-title1.
36. ↑ Young, Thomas (1804). "Bakerian Lecture: Experiments and calculations relative to physical optics". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 94: 1–16. doi:10.1098/rstl.1804.0001. Bibcode: 1804RSPT...94....1Y. https://books.google.com/books?id=7AZGAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA1. . First edition at Abebooks
37. ↑ Essai sur une manière de représenter des quantités imaginaires dans les constructions géométriques, 2e édition, Gauthier Villars, Paris (1874) BNF
38. ↑ Dalton, John (1808). A new system of chemical philosophy. London. ISBN 978-1-153-05671-7. https://archive.org/details/newsystemofchemi01daltuoft. Retrieved 8 July 2008. . First edition at Sophia Rare Books
39. ↑ "Läroboken i kemien (early edition, in swedish)". https://www.antikvariat.net/sv/roe50667-laroboken-i-kemien-berzelius-j-jac-antikvariat-rode-orm.
40. ↑ "On Aerial Navigation (first edition)". https://www.milestone-books.de/pages/books/2687/george-cayley/on-aerial-navigation.
41. ↑ Electronic version in archive.org
42. ↑ "Experimenta circa effectum...(H.C. Oersted; first edition)". https://www.milestone-books.de/pages/books/1924/hans-christian-oersted/experimenta-circa-effectum-etc-experiences-sur-leffet-du-conflict-electrique-sur-laiguille.
43. ↑ "Theorie analytique de la chaleur (first edition)". https://www.milestone-books.de/pages/books/2022/jean-baptiste-joseph-fourier/theorie-analytique-de-la-chaleur.
44. ↑ First edition at Abebooks \- Jeremy Norman's historyofscience Bookseller (Novato, CA, U.S.A.)
45. ↑ "Géométrie imaginaire (first edition in french)". https://www.sophiararebooks.com/pages/books/4453/nikolai-ivanovich-lobachevsky/geometrie-imaginaire.
46. ↑ Œuvres complètes d'Augustin Cauchy Académie des sciences (France). Ministère de l'éducation nationale.
47. ↑ Early edition at Abebooks (Jeremy Norman's historyofscience, Bookseller (Novato, CA, U.S.A.))
48. ↑ "Traité de Mécanique Céleste (first edition)". https://www.jonathanahill.com/pages/books/5481/pierre-simon-laplace-marquis-de/traite-de-mecanique-celeste.
49. ↑ "Die galvanische Kette, mathematisch bearbeitet (first edition)". https://www.jonathanahill.com/pages/books/3373/georg-simon-ohm/die-galvanische-kette-mathematisch-bearbeitet.
50. ↑ Principles of Geology (first ed.). https://www.biblio.com/book/principles-geology-being-attempt-explain-former/d/986174328. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
51. ↑ Electronic version in archive.org
52. ↑ "Experimental Researches in Electricity (first edition, 8vo, 3 volumes)". https://www.rulon.com/pages/books/50035/michael-faraday/experimental-researches-in-electricity.
53. ↑ Ada Lovelace's notes: "Sketch of the Analytical Engine invented by Charles Babbage [by L.F. Menabrea, translated, and appended with additional notes, by Augusta Ada, Countess of Lovelace"]. https://www.sophiararebooks.com/pages/books/2367/charles-babbage-ada-lovelace/sketch-of-the-analytical-engine-invented-by-charles-babbage-by-l-f-menabrea-translated-and/?soldItem=true.
54. ↑ "On the calorific effects of magneto-electricity, and on the mechanical value of heat (first edition)". https://www.jnorman.com/pages/books/40295/james-prescott-joule/on-the-calorific-effects-of-magneto-electricity-and-on-the-mechanical-value-of-heat.
55. ↑ In June 1845, Joule read his paper "On the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat" to the British Association meeting in Cambridge (Joule, J.P. (1845) "On the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat", Brit. Assoc. Rep., trans. Chemical Sect, p.31)
56. ↑ "Über die Erhaltung der Kraft (first edition)". https://www.oakknoll.com/pages/books/131431/hermann-ludwig-ferdinand-von-helmholtz/uber-die-erhaltung-der-kraft-eine-physikalische-abhandlung-vorgetragen-in-der-sitzung-der.
57. ↑ "Ueber die bewegende Kraft der Wärme (first edition)". http://www.lynge.com/item.php?bookid=53436&c_sourcepage=search.php?pg=1&s_author=&s_title=&s_all=clausius&s_currency=&s_pmin=&s_pmax=&s_catalogue=&s_year1=0&s_year2=0&s_addedsince=0&s_sort=&s_direction=&s_bookid=0#booknr53436&s_currency=.
58. ↑ "On the dynamical theory of heat...(first edition)". https://www.sophiararebooks.com/pages/books/4028/william-thomson-lord-kelvin/on-the-dynamical-theory-of-heat-with-numerical-results-deduced-from-mr-joules-equivalent-of-a.
59. ↑ "An Investigation of the Laws of Thought (first edition)". https://blackwells.co.uk/rarebooks/book.php?id=60981.
60. ↑ The Physical Geography of the Sea (1858 ed.). Harper & Brothers. 1855. https://books.google.com/books?id=hlxDAAAAIAAJ&q=Matthew+Fontaine+Maury.
61. ↑ First editions of Die cellularpathologie at ILAB
62. ↑ "On the Origin of Species (1859 edition, 8ov)". San Francisco, CA. https://www.johnwindle.com/shop/windle/110417.html.
63. ↑ "Mémoire sur Les Corpuscules organisés qui existent dans L'Atmosphère (early edition)". http://www.lynge.com/item.php?bookid=47021&c_sourcepage=search.php?pg=1&s_author=&s_title=&s_all=M%E9moire%20sur%20Les%20Corpuscules%20organis%E9s%20qui%20existent%20dans%20L%27Atmosph%E8re&s_currency=&s_pmin=&s_pmax=&s_catalogue=&s_year1=0&s_year2=0&s_addedsince=0&s_sort=&s_direction=&s_bookid=0#booknr47021&s_currency=.
64. ↑ First editions of Introduction à l'etude de la médicine at ILAB
65. ↑ Mendel, J. G. (1866). "Versuche über Pflanzenhybriden", Verhandlungen des naturforschenden Vereines in Brünn, Bd. IV für das Jahr, 1865, Abhandlungen: 3–47, [1]. For the English translation, see: Druery, C. T.; Bateson, William (1901). "Experiments in plant hybridization". Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society 26: 1–32. http://www.esp.org/foundations/genetics/classical/gm-65.pdf. Retrieved 9 October 2009.
66. ↑ "Mendel's paper "Versuche über Pflanzenhybriden", was read at meetings of the Brunn Natural History Society on 8th February and 8th March 1865, and was published in the Verhandlungen des naturforschenden Vereines in Brünn, 4, 1865, which appeared in 1866" (Gregor Mendel, Experiments in Plant Hybridisation, Cosimo, Inc., 2008, p. 7).
67. ↑ "On The Hypotheses which lie at the Bases of Geometry (first English translation)". http://www.lynge.com/item.php?bookid=53254&c_sourcepage=search.php?pg=1&s_author=&s_title=&s_all=RIEMANN%2C%20BERNHARD&s_currency=&s_pmin=&s_pmax=&s_catalogue=&s_year1=0&s_year2=0&s_addedsince=0&s_sort=&s_direction=&s_bookid=0#booknr53254&s_currency=.
68. ↑ Study, E. (1909). "Review: Opere matematiche di Eugenio Beltrami". Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 16 (3): 147–149. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1909-01882-8.
69. ↑ "Untersuchungen ueber Bacterien (first edition)". https://www.milestone-books.de/pages/books/2060/ferdinand-cohn/untersuchungen-ueber-bacterien.
70. ↑ "The Descent of Man (first edition)". https://www.milestone-books.de/pages/books/2676/charles-darwin/the-descent-of-man-and-selection-in-relation-to-sex-2-volumes.
71. ↑ "A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism (first edition)". https://www.sophiararebooks.com/pages/books/4308/james-clerk-maxwell/a-treatise-on-electricity-and-magnetism.
72. ↑ Georg Cantor (1883). "Ueber unendliche, lineare Punktmannichfaltigkeiten (5)". Mathematische Annalen 21 (4): 545–591. doi:10.1007/bf01446819. http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/dms/load/img/?PPN=PPN235181684_0021&DMDID=DMDLOG_0051. Published separately as: Grundlagen einer allgemeinen Mannigfaltigkeitslehre.
73. ↑ List of Poincaré writings in English translation
74. ↑ First editions at ILAB
75. ↑ "Electric Waves (first edition in english)". https://www.manhattanrarebooks.com/pages/books/334/heinrich-hertz/electric-waves-being-researches-on-the-propagation-of-electric-action-with-finite-velocity.
76. ↑ "Ueber eine neue Art von Strahlen (first edition)". https://www.jnorman.com/pages/books/38525/wilhelm-konrad-rontgen/eine-neue-art-von-strahlen-2-offprints.
77. ↑ "The science absolute of space : independent of the truth or falsity of Euclid's axiom XI (which can never be decided a priori)", The Neomon, Austin, 1896
78. ↑ "Sur une substance nouvelle radio-active dans la pechblende (first edition)". http://www.lynge.com/item.php?bookid=30684&c_sourcepage=search.php?pg=1&s_author=&s_title=&s_all=Sur%20une%20nouvelle%20substance%20fortement%20radio-active&s_currency=&s_pmin=&s_pmax=&s_catalogue=&s_year1=0&s_year2=0&s_addedsince=0&s_sort=&s_direction=&s_bookid=0#booknr30684&s_currency=.
79. ↑ "Grundlagen der Geometrie (first edition)". https://www.argosybooks.com/pages/books/230153/david-hilbert/grundlagen-der-geometrie.
80. ↑ "Textura del sistema nervioso del hombre y los vertebrados (first edition in Spanish)". https://www.rootenbergbooks.com/pages/books/14048/santiago-ramon-y-cajal/textura-del-sistema-nervioso-del-hombre-y-de-los-vertebrados-estudios-sobre-el-plan-estructural-y. Histologie du système nerveux, first edition in french, 1909
81. ↑ Planck, M. (1900b). "Zur Theorie des Gesetzes der Energieverteilung im Normalspectrum". Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft 2: 237. https://archive.org/stream/verhandlungende01goog#page/n246/mode/2up. Translated in ter Haar, D. (1967). "On the Theory of the Energy Distribution Law of the Normal Spectrum". The Old Quantum Theory. Pergamon Press. p. 82. http://www.ffn.ub.es/luisnavarro/nuevo_maletin/Planck (1900), Distribution Law.pdf. First edition: "Zur Theorie des Gesetzes der Energieverteilung im Normalspectrum". https://www.sophiararebooks.com/pages/books/4317/max-planck/zur-theorie-des-gesetzes-der-energieverteilung-im-normalspectrum.
82. ↑ Radio-activity (1904), 2nd ed. (1905), ISBN 978-1-60355-058-1 First edition: "Radio-activity". https://www.sophiararebooks.com/pages/books/2680/ernest-rutherford/radio-activity.
83. ↑ Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon (1904), "Electromagnetic phenomena in a system moving with any velocity smaller than that of light", Proceedings of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences 6: 809–831, Bibcode: 1903KNAB....6..809L
84. ↑ List of scientific publications by Albert Einstein.
85. ↑ Einstein, Albert (1905d). "Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper" (in de). Annalen der Physik 322 (10): 891–921. doi:10.1002/andp.19053221004. Bibcode: 1905AnP...322..891E.
86. ↑ Annus Mirabilis papers
87. ↑ Einstein, Albert (1905e). "Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig?" (in de). Annalen der Physik 323 (13): 639–641. doi:10.1002/andp.19053231314. Bibcode: 1905AnP...323..639E.
88. ↑ Richardson, L.F. (1910). "The approximate arithmetical solution by finite differences of physical problems involving differential equations, with an application to the stresses in a masonry dam". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 210 (459–470): 307–357. doi:10.1098/rsta.1911.0009. Bibcode: 1911RSPTA.210..307R.
89. ↑ "The Mind of Primitive Man (first edition)". http://www.lynge.com/item.php?bookid=50084&c_sourcepage=search.php?pg=1&s_author=&s_title=&s_all=franz%20boas&s_currency=&s_pmin=&s_pmax=&s_catalogue=&s_year1=0&s_year2=0&s_addedsince=0&s_sort=&s_direction=&s_bookid=0#booknr50084&s_currency=.
90. ↑ Bohr, Niels (1913). "On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules, Part I". Philosophical Magazine 26 (151): 1–24. doi:10.1080/14786441308634955. Bibcode: 1913PMag...26....1B. http://web.ihep.su/dbserv/compas/src/bohr13/eng.pdf.
91. ↑ Bohr, Niels (1913). "On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules, Part II Systems Containing Only a Single Nucleus". Philosophical Magazine 26 (153): 476–502. doi:10.1080/14786441308634993. Bibcode: 1913PMag...26..476B. http://web.ihep.su/dbserv/compas/src/bohr13b/eng.pdf.
92. ↑ Bohr, Niels (1913). "On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules, Part III Systems containing several nuclei". Philosophical Magazine 26 (155): 857–875. doi:10.1080/14786441308635031. Bibcode: 1913PMag...26..857B. https://zenodo.org/record/1430922.
93. ↑ Link "Die Grundlage Der Allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie"
94. ↑ Recherches sur la théorie des quanta (Researches on the quantum theory), Thesis, Paris, 1924, Ann. de Physique (10) 3, 22 (1925).
95. ↑ Schrodinger, Erwin (1926). "Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem". Annalen der Physik 384 (4): 273–376. doi:10.1002/andp.19263840404. Bibcode: 1926AnP...384..361S.
96. ↑ Heisenberg, W. (1927), "Über den anschaulichen Inhalt der quantentheoretischen Kinematik und Mechanik" (in de), Zeitschrift für Physik 43 (3–4): 172–198, doi:10.1007/BF01397280, Bibcode: 1927ZPhy...43..172H.
97. ↑ Ways to Spaceflight (1929) OCLC 255256956
98. ↑ Hubble, Edwin (1929). "A relation between distance and radial velocity among extra-galactic nebulae". PNAS 15 (3): 168–173. doi:10.1073/pnas.15.3.168. PMID 16577160. Bibcode: 1929PNAS...15..168H.
99. ↑ First edition:  Liquid-Propellant Rocket Development. https://www.baumanrarebooks.com/rare-books/goddard-robert-h/liquid-propellant-rocket-development/107009.aspx. Retrieved 2018-08-01.
100. ↑ First edition: "A Note of the Entscheidungsproblem". https://www.sophiararebooks.com/pages/books/4546/alonzo-church/a-note-of-the-entscheidungsproblem.
101. ↑ First edition: "On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem". https://www.sophiararebooks.com/pages/books/4474/alan-mathison-turing/on-computable-numbers-with-an-application-to-the-entscheidungsproblem-on-computable-numbers.
102. ↑ Full text at MIT
103. ↑ "A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits". First printing in: Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers 57 (1938). https://www.manhattanrarebooks.com/pages/books/2071/claude-shannon/a-symbolic-analysis-of-relay-and-switching-circuits.
104. ↑ — (1939). The Nature of the Chemical Bond and the Structure of Molecules and Crystals. Cornell University Press.

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