13963 Euphrates

13963 EuphratesDiscovery[1]

Discovered by| E. W. Elst
Discovery site| La Silla Obs.
Discovery date| 3 August 1991
Designations

MPC designation

| (13963) Euphrates
Pronunciation| /juːˈfreɪtiːz/
Named after| Euphrates[2]
(river in Mesopotamia)

Alternative designations

| 1991 PT4 * 1997 TO10
Minor planet category| main-belt * (outer)[1]
Griqua[3]
Orbital characteristics[1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc| 45.98 yr (16,793 days)
|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}| 4.1853 AU
|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}| 2.4762 AU

Semi-major axis

| 3.3307 AU
Eccentricity| 0.2566
Orbital period| 6.08 yr (2,220 days)
Mean anomaly| 84.506°
Mean motion| 0° 9m 43.56s / day
Inclination| 0.9360°
Longitude of ascending node| 227.18°

|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}

| 129.72°
TJupiter| 3.1090
Physical characteristics
Dimensions| 9±1 km (est. at 0.06)[4]
Absolute magnitude (H)| 13.9[1]

13963 Euphrates (/juːˈfreɪtiːz/), provisional designation 1991 PT4, is a resonant Griqua asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 9 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 3 August 1991, by Belgian astronomer Eric Elst at ESO's La Silla Observatory site in Chile.[5] The asteroid was named after the Euphrates River in the Middle East.[2]

## Contents

* 1 Orbit and classification
* 2 Physical characteristics
* 3 Naming
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## Orbit and classification

Euphrates is one of very few bodies located in the 2:1 mean motion resonance with the gas giant Jupiter and belongs to the "marginally unstable" Griqua group.[3]

It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.5–4.2 AU once every 6 years and 1 month (2,220 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.26 and an inclination of 1° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] A first precovery was taken at Palomar Observatory in 1971, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 20 years prior to its official discovery observation.[5]

## Physical characteristics

Based on an absolute magnitude of 13.9, it measures between 4 and 10 kilometers in diameter, assuming an albedo in the range of 0.05 to 0.25. Since asteroids in the outer main-belt are mostly of a carbonaceous rather than of a silicaceous composition, with low albedos, typically around 0.06, its diameter is likely to be between 8 and 10 kilometers.[4]

As of 2017, Euphrates' effective size, its composition and albedo, as well as its rotation period and shape remain unknown.[1][6]

## Naming

This minor planet was named after the Euphrates river, that flows through northern Syria and Iraq.[2]

It is one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia. The Tigris–Euphrates river system, a major river system, is formed when the two rivers combine at Al Qurnah. The minor planet 13096 Tigris is named after the other river of this system.[2] The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 6 August 2003 (M.P.C. 49280).[7]

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 13963 Euphrates (1991 PT4)". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2013963. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2006). "(13963) Euphrates [3.32, 0.26, 0.9]". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (13963) Euphrates, Addendum to Fifth Edition: 2003–2005. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 82. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-34361-5_818. ISBN 978-3-540-34360-8.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Roig, F.; Nesvorný, D.; Ferraz-Mello, S. (September 2002). "Asteroids in the 2 : 1 resonance with Jupiter: dynamics and size distribution". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 335 (2): 417–431. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05635.x. Bibcode: 2002MNRAS.335..417R. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2002MNRAS.335..417R. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Absolute Magnitude (H)". NASA/JPL. http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/h.html.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "13963 Euphrates (1991 PT4)". Minor Planet Center. https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=13963. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
6. ↑ "LCDB Data for (13963) Euphrates". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=13963|Euphrates. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
7. ↑ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html. Retrieved 19 May 2016.

## External links

* (13963) Euphrates at AstDyS, University of Pisa
* Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info )
* Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
* Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (10001)-(15000) – Minor Planet Center
* 13963 Euphrates at AstDyS-2, Asteroids—Dynamic Site
* Ephemeris * Observation prediction * Orbital info * Proper elements * Observational info
* 13963 Euphrates at the JPL Small-Body Database
* Close approach * Discovery * Ephemeris * Orbit diagram * Orbital elements * Physical parameters

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