1444 Pannonia

Modelled shape of Pannonia from its lightcurve

Discovery[1]
Discovered by| G. Kulin
Discovery site| Konkoly Obs.
Discovery date| 6 January 1938
Designations

MPC designation

| (1444) Pannonia
Pronunciation| /pəˈnoʊniə/[4]
Named after| Pannonia (ancient province)[2]

Alternative designations

| 1938 AE
Minor planet category| main-belt * (outer)[3]
Orbital characteristics[1]
Epoch 16 February 2017 (JD 2457800.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc| 78.23 yr (28,575 days)
|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}| 3.5915 AU
|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}| 2.7128 AU

Semi-major axis

| 3.1521 AU
Eccentricity| 0.1394
Orbital period| 5.60 yr (2,044 days)
Mean anomaly| 268.73°
Mean motion| 0° 10m 33.96s / day
Inclination| 17.761°
Longitude of ascending node| 303.33°

|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}

| 310.87°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter| 26.363±0.141 km[5][6]
27.14 km (derived)[3]
28±3 km[7]
28.3±2.8 km[8]
29.20±2.2 km[9]
30.48±0.53 km[10]
30.92±9.63 km[11]
31.49±9.20 km[12]
Rotation period| 6.2±0.1 h[13]
6.205±0.003 h[13]
10.756±0.006 h[14]
Geometric albedo| 0.04±0.02[11]
0.05±0.06[12]
0.0501 (derived)[3]
0.053±0.005[5][6]
0.07±0.01[7][8]
0.070±0.003[10]
0.4748±0.081[9]

Spectral type

| C[3]
Absolute magnitude (H)| 9.10[9] * 11.10[10] * 11.18±0.62[15] * 11.30[7][8][12] * 11.4[1] * 11.7[3][5][16] * 11.73[11]

1444 Pannonia (prov. designation: 1938 AE) is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 29 kilometers (18 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 6 January 1938, by Hungarian astronomer György Kulin at Konkoly Observatory in Budapest, Hungary.[17] It was named after the ancient province of the Roman Empire, Pannonia.[2]

## Contents

* 1 Orbit and classification
* 2 Naming
* 3 Physical characteristics
* 3.1 Rotation period
* 3.2 Diameter and albedo
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## Orbit and classification

Pannonia is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.7–3.6 AU once every 5 years and 7 months (2,044 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.14 and an inclination of 18° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] Pannonia's observation arc begins 3 weeks after its official discovery at Konkoly, as no precoveries were taken, and no prior identifications were made.[17]

## Naming

This minor planet was named for Pannonia, an ancient province of the Roman Empire, which was partially located over the territory of the present-day western Hungary.[2] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 February 1980 (M.P.C. 5183).[18]

## Physical characteristics

### Rotation period

In April 2001, astronomer Colin Bembrick obtained the first rotational lightcurve of Pannonia at Tarana Observatory (431) in Australia. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 10.756 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.16 magnitude ({{{1}}}).[14] In 2002 and 2004, photometric observations by French astronomers Laurent Bernasconi and Bernard Christophe Additional periods of 6.2 and 6.205 hours with an amplitude of 0.57 and 0.37, respectively ({{{1}}}).[13]

### Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Pannonia measures between 26.36 and 31.49 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo between 0.04 and 0.47.[5][8][9][10][11][12] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0501 and a diameter of 27.14 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 11.7.[3]

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1444 Pannonia (1938 AE)". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001444.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1444) Pannonia". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 116. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1445. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3. https://archive.org/details/dictionaryminorp00schm.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 "LCDB Data for (1444) Pannonia". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=1444|Pannonia.
4. ↑ "Pannonia". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Pannonia.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D. et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal 741 (2): 25. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...741...90M.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Dailey, J. et al. (November 2011). "Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters". The Astrophysical Journal 741 (2): 20. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...741...68M. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011ApJ...741...68M. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Alí-Lagoa, V.; de León, J.; Licandro, J.; Delbó, M.; Campins, H.; Pinilla-Alonso, N. et al. (June 2013). "Physical properties of B-type asteroids from WISE data". Astronomy and Astrophysics 554: 16. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220680. Bibcode: 2013A&A...554A..71A. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2013A&A...554A..71A. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Alí-Lagoa, V.; Licandro, J.; Gil-Hutton, R.; Cañ; ada-Assandri, M.; Delbo', M. et al. (June 2016). "Differences between the Pallas collisional family and similarly sized B-type asteroids". Astronomy and Astrophysics 591: 11. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527660. Bibcode: 2016A&A...591A..14A. https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/2016/07/aa27660-15.pdf. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode: 2004PDSS...12.....T. https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 63 (5): 1117–1138. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Bibcode: 2011PASJ...63.1117U. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T. et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal 152 (3): 12. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63. Bibcode: 2016AJ....152...63N.
12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T. et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal 814 (2): 13. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...814..117N. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015ApJ...814..117N. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1444) Pannonia". Geneva Observatory. http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page4cou.html#001444.
14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Bembrick, C.; Pereghy, B.; Ainsworth, T. (June 2002). "Lightcurves and Period Determination for 1444 Pannonia". The Minor Planet Bulletin 29: 21–22. Bibcode: 2002MPBu...29...21B. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2002MPBu...29...21B. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
15. ↑ Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus 261: 34–47. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Bibcode: 2015Icar..261...34V. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
16. ↑ Faure, Gerard; Garret, Lawrence (December 2007). "Suggested Revised H Values of Selected Asteroids: Report Number 3". The Minor Planet Bulletin 34 (4): 95–99. ISSN 1052-8091. Bibcode: 2007MPBu...34...95F. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2007MPBu...34...95F. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "1444 Pannonia (1938 AE)". Minor Planet Center. https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1444.
18. ↑ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html.

## External links

* Lightcurve Database Query (LCDB), at www.minorplanet.info
* Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
* Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Geneva Observatory, Raoul Behrend
* Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center
* 1444 Pannonia at AstDyS-2, Asteroids—Dynamic Site
* Ephemeris * Observation prediction * Orbital info * Proper elements * Observational info
* 1444 Pannonia at the JPL Small-Body Database
* Close approach * Discovery * Ephemeris * Orbit diagram * Orbital elements * Physical parameters

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