2001 Mars Odyssey

Artist's impression of the Mars Odyssey spacecraft

Mission type| Mars orbiter
Operator| NASA / JPL
COSPAR ID| 2001-013A
SATCAT no.| 26734
Website| mars.jpl.nasa.gov/odyssey/
Mission duration|

* Elapsed:

* 25 years, 1 month and 2 days from launch
* 24 years, 6 months and 15 days at Mars (8723 sols)

* En route: 6 months, 17 days
* Primary mission: 32 months (1007 sols)
* Extended mission: 21 years, 8 months and 14 days (7715 sols) elapsed

Spacecraft properties
Manufacturer| Lockheed Martin
Launch mass| 725 kg[1]
Dry mass| 376.3 kilograms (830 lb)
Power| 750 W
Start of mission
Launch date| April 7, 2001, 15:02:22 (2001-04-07UTC15:02:22Z) UTC[1]
Rocket| Delta II 7925-9.5
Launch site| Cape Canaveral SLC-17A
Contractor| Boeing
End of mission
Last contact| Q4 2025 (planned)
Orbital parameters
Reference system| Areocentric
Regime| Sun-synchronous
Semi-major axis| 3,793.4 km (2,357.1 mi)[2]
Eccentricity| 0.0
Altitude| 400 km (250 mi)[2]
Inclination| 93.064°[2]
Period| 2 hours[2]
RAAN| 34.98°[2]
Argument of periareion| 0°[2]
Mean anomaly| 0°[2]
Epoch| October 19, 2002[2]
Mars orbiter
Orbital insertion| October 24, 2001,
MSD 45435 12:21 AMT

Mars Exploration Program

<- Mars Polar Lander

Spirit ->

2001 Mars Odyssey is a robotic spacecraft orbiting the planet Mars. The project was developed by NASA, and contracted out to Lockheed Martin, with an expected cost for the entire mission of US$297 million. Its mission is to use spectrometers and a thermal imager to detect evidence of past or present water and ice, as well as study the planet's geology and radiation environment.[3] The data Odyssey obtains is intended to help answer the question of whether life once existed on Mars and create a risk-assessment of the radiation that future astronauts on Mars might experience. It also acts as a relay for communications between the Curiosity rover, and previously the Mars Exploration Rovers and Phoenix lander, to Earth. The mission was named as a tribute to Arthur C. Clarke, evoking the name of his and Stanley Kubrick's 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey.[4][5]

Odyssey was launched April 7, 2001, on a Delta II rocket from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, and reached Mars orbit on October 24, 2001, at 02:30 UTC (October 23, 19:30 PDT, 22:30 EDT).[6] As of March 2025, it is still collecting data, and is estimated to have enough propellant to function until the end of 2025.[7] It currently holds the record for the longest-surviving continually active spacecraft in orbit around a planet other than Earth, ahead of the Pioneer Venus Orbiter (served 14 years[8]) and the Mars Express (serving over 20 years), at 24 years, 6 months and 15 days. As of October 2019[update] it is in a polar orbit around Mars with a semi-major axis of about 3,800 km or 2,400 miles.

On May 28, 2002 (sol 210), NASA reported that Odyssey's GRS instrument had detected large amounts of hydrogen, a sign that there must be ice lying within a meter of the planet's surface, and proceeded to map the distribution of water below the shallow surface.[9] The orbiter also discovered vast deposits of bulk water ice near the surface of equatorial regions.[10]

Odyssey has also served as the primary means of communications for NASA's Mars surface explorers in the past decade, up to the Curiosity rover.

## Contents

* 1 Naming
* 2 Mission objectives
* 3 Scientific instruments
* 4 Mission
* 4.1 Major discoveries
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 7 External links

## Naming

In August 2000, NASA solicited candidate names for the mission. Out of 200 names submitted, the committee chose Astrobiological Reconnaissance and Elemental Surveyor, abbreviated ARES (a tribute to Ares, the Greek god of war). Faced with criticism that this name was not very compelling, and too aggressive, the naming committee reconvened. The candidate name "2001 Mars Odyssey" had earlier been rejected because of copyright and trademark concerns. However, NASA e-mailed Arthur C. Clarke in Sri Lanka, who responded that he would be delighted to have the mission named after his books, and he had no objections. On September 20, NASA associate administrator Ed Weiler wrote to the associate administrator for public affairs recommending a name change from ARES to 2001 Mars Odyssey. Peggy Wilhide then approved the name change.[11][12]

## Mission objectives

* Mapping the levels of elements across the entire Martian surface
* Determine how much hydrogen exists within the "shallow subsurface"
* Develop a library of high-resolution images and spectroscopy for the mineral composition of the Martian surface
* Provide information on the morphology of the Martian surface
* Identify the "radiation-induced risk to human explorers" through a characterization of the "near-space radiation environment" on the Martian surface[13]

## Scientific instruments

The three primary instruments Odyssey uses are the:

* Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS).[14] It is an onboard camera that provides visible and infrared imaging to characterize how minerals are distributed on the surface of Mars.[13]
* Gamma Ray Spectrometer (GRS),[15] including the High Energy Neutron Detector (HEND), provided by Russia. GRS is a collaboration between University of Arizona's Lunar and Planetary Lab., the Los Alamos National Laboratory, and Russia's Space Research Institute.[16] It is a spectrometer focussed on the gamma-ray portion of the spectrum in order to search for various elements in the Martian atmosphere, including carbon, silicon, iron and magnesium.[13]
* Mars Radiation Environment Experiment (MARIE). An "energetic particle spectrometer", measuring the radiation levels around Mars.[13]

## Mission

Summary of Mars Odyssey mission start The spacecraft encapsulated in Delta II rocket fairing

Mars Odyssey launched from Cape Canaveral on April 7, 2001, and arrived at Mars about 200 days later on October 24. Upon arrival, the spacecraft's main engine fired[17] in order to decelerate, which allowed it to be captured into orbit around Mars. Odyssey then spent about 76 days aerobraking, using aerodynamic drag from the upper reaches of the Martian atmosphere to gradually slow down and reduce and circularize its orbit.[17] By planning to use the atmosphere of Mars to slow the spacecraft in its orbit rather than firing its engine or thrusters, Odyssey did not need an additional 200 kilograms (440 lb) of propellant on board. This reduction in spacecraft weight allowed the mission to be launched on a Delta II 7925 launch vehicle, rather than a larger, more expensive launcher.[18]

Aerobraking ended in January 2002, and Odyssey began its science mapping mission on February 19, 2002. Odyssey's original, nominal mission lasted until August 2004, but repeated mission extensions have kept the mission active.[19]

The payload's MARIE radiation experiment stopped taking measurements after a large solar event bombarded the Odyssey spacecraft on October 28, 2003. Engineers believe the most likely cause is that a computer chip was damaged by a solar particle smashing into the MARIE computer board.[20]

About 85% of images and other data from NASA's twin Mars Exploration Rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, have reached Earth via communications relay by Odyssey.[21] The orbiter helped analyze potential landing sites for the rovers and performed the same task for NASA's Phoenix mission, which landed on Mars in May 2008. Odyssey aided NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, which reached Mars in March 2006, by monitoring atmospheric conditions during months when the newly arrived orbiter used aerobraking to alter its orbit into the desired shape.[22]

Odyssey is in a Sun-synchronous orbit,[23] which provides consistent lighting for its photographs. On September 30, 2008 (sol 2465) the spacecraft altered its orbit to gain better sensitivity for its infrared mapping of Martian minerals. The new orbit eliminated the use of the gamma ray detector, due to the potential for overheating the instrument at the new orbit.[24]

By December 15, 2010, it broke the record for longest serving spacecraft at Mars, with 3,340 days of operation.[25][26]

The orbiter's orientation is controlled by a set of three reaction wheels and a spare. When one failed in June 2012, the fourth was spun up and successfully brought into service. Since July 2012, Odyssey has been back in full, nominal operation mode following three weeks of 'safe' mode on remote maintenance.[27][28]

Mars Odyssey's THEMIS instrument was used to help select a landing site for the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL).[29] Several days before MSL's landing in August 2012, Odyssey's orbit was altered to ensure that it would be able to capture signals from the rover during its first few minutes on the Martian surface.[30] Odyssey also acted as a relay for UHF radio signals from the (MSL) rover Curiosity.[31] Because Odyssey is in a Sun-synchronous orbit,[23] it passes over Curiosity's location twice per day, enabling regular contact with Earth.[32]

On February 11, 2014, mission control accelerated Odyssey's drift toward a morning-daylight orbit to "enable observation of changing ground temperatures after sunrise and after sunset in thousands of places on Mars". The orbital change occurred gradually until November 2015.[33] Those observations could yield insight about the composition of the ground and about temperature-driven processes, such as warm seasonal flows observed on some slopes, and geysers fed by spring thawing of carbon dioxide (CO2) ice near Mars's poles.[33]

On October 19, 2014, NASA reported that the Mars Odyssey Orbiter,[34] as well as the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter[35] and MAVEN,[36] were healthy after the Comet Siding Spring flyby.[37][38]

In 2010, a spokesman for NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory stated that Odyssey could continue operating until at least 2016.[39] This estimate has since been extended to the end of 2025.[7]

* Animation of 2001 Mars Odyssey's trajectory around Sun
2001 Mars Odyssey * Earth * Mars

* Animation of 2001 Mars Odyssey's trajectory around Mars from October 24, 2001, to October 24, 2002
2001 Mars Odyssey * Mars

* Mars Odyssey as imaged by Mars Global Surveyor

* MARIE hardware, designed to measure radiation

### Major discoveries

By 2008, Mars Odyssey had mapped the basic distribution of water below the shallow surface.[40] The ground truth for its measurements came on July 31, 2008, when NASA announced that the Phoenix lander confirmed the presence of water on Mars,[41] as predicted in 2002 based on data from the Odyssey orbiter. The science team is trying to determine whether the water ice ever thaws enough to be available for microscopic life, and if carbon-containing chemicals and other raw materials for life are present.[42]

The orbiter also discovered vast deposits of bulk water ice near the surface of equatorial regions.[10] Evidence for equatorial hydration is both morphological and compositional and is seen at both the Medusae Fossae formation and the Tharsis Montes.[10]

File:PIA26203-Mars-HorizonViews-OdysseyTHEMIS-20230509.webm

## See also

* Astronomy:Exploration of Mars
* List of Mars orbiters
* List of missions to Mars
* Astronomy:Mars Global Surveyor
* Astronomy:Mars Orbiter Mission
* Astronomy:Mars Student Imaging Project - American education program
* Mythodea – Music for the NASA Mission: 2001 Mars Odyssey

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "2001 Mars Odyssey". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2001-013A.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Makovsky, A.; Barbieri, A.; Tung, R. (October 2002). ﻿Odyssey Telecommunications﻿ (Report). p. 7. https://descanso.jpl.nasa.gov/DPSummary/odyssey_telecom.pdf.
3. ↑ "Mars Odyssey Goals". NASA JPL. April 16, 2024. http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/odyssey/mission/science/goals/.
4. ↑ "Mars Odyssey: Overview". JPL, CIT. http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/odyssey/mission/overview/.
5. ↑ "It's "2001 Mars Odyssey" for NASA's next trip to the red planet" (Press release). NASA. Archived from the original on April 18, 2021.
6. ↑ "2001 Mars Odyssey Quick Facts". NASA/JPL. December 4, 2017. https://mars.nasa.gov/mars-exploration/missions/odyssey/.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Engineers Keep an Eye on Fuel Supply of NASA's Oldest Mars Orbiter". JPL. NASA. March 15, 2023. https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/engineers-keep-an-eye-on-fuel-supply-of-nasas-oldest-mars-orbiter.
8. ↑ "Pioneer Venus 1: In Depth". NASA. December 21, 2017. https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-venus-1/in-depth/.
9. ↑ "January, 2008: Hydrogen Map". Lunar & Planetary Lab at The University of Arizona. http://grs.lpl.arizona.edu/latestresults.jsp.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Equatorial locations of water on Mars: Improved resolution maps based on Mars Odyssey Neutron Spectrometer data (PDF). Jack T. Wilson, Vincent R. Eke, Richard J. Massey, Richard C. Elphic, William C. Feldman, Sylvestre Maurice, Luıs F. A. Teodoroe. Icarus, 299, 148–160. January 2018.
11. ↑ Hubbard, Scott (2011). Exploring Mars: Chronicles from a Decade of Discovery. University of Arizona Press. pp. 149–51. ISBN 978-0-8165-2896-7. https://archive.org/details/exploringmarschr0000hubb.
12. ↑ "It's "2001 Mars Odyssey" for NASA's Next Trip to the Red Planet" (Press release). NASA HQ/JPL. September 28, 2000. Archived from the original on 2016-06-04. Retrieved March 12, 2016.
13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 "Objectives" (in en). NASA/JPL. December 4, 2017. https://mars.nasa.gov/odyssey/mission/science/objectives/.
14. ↑ Christensen, P. R.; Jakosky, B. M.; Kieffer, H. H.; Malin, M. C.; McSween Jr., H. Y.; Nealson, K.; Mehall, G. L.; Silverman, S. H. et al. (2004). "The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) for the Mars 2001 Odyssey Mission". Space Science Reviews 110 (1–2): 85. doi:10.1023/B:SPAC.0000021008.16305.94. Bibcode: 2004SSRv..110...85C.
15. ↑ Boynton, W.V.; Feldman, W.C.; Mitrofanov, I.G.; Evans, L.G.; Reedy, R.C.; Squyres, S.W.; Starr, R.; Trombka, J.I. et al. (2004). "The Mars Odyssey Gamma-Ray Spectrometer Instrument Suite". Space Science Reviews 110 (1–2): 37. doi:10.1023/B:SPAC.0000021007.76126.15. Bibcode: 2004SSRv..110...37B.
16. ↑ "Profile: Dr. William Boynton". NASA. December 4, 2017. https://mars.nasa.gov/odyssey/mission/team/profileBoynton/.
17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "NASA Facts: 2001 Mars Odyssey". https://mars.nasa.gov/odyssey/files/odyssey/Odyssey0302.pdf.
18. ↑ "Mars Odyssey Mission Status" (Press release). NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. 11 January 2002.
19. ↑ "Mission Timeline – Mars Odyssey". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. April 16, 2024. http://mars.nasa.gov/odyssey/mission/timeline/.
20. ↑ "MARIE". NASA. December 4, 2017. https://mars.nasa.gov/odyssey/mission/instruments/marie/.
21. ↑ NASA, JPL. "Communications Relay – Mars Odyssey". https://mars.nasa.gov/odyssey/mission/timeline/communicationsrelay/.
22. ↑ "Mars Odyssey Begins Overtime After Successful Mission" (in en-US). https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/mars-odyssey-begins-overtime-after-successful-mission.
23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "Mars Odyssey". October 24, 2001. https://science.nasa.gov/mission/odyssey/.
24. ↑ Martinez, Carolina; Webster, Guy (22 June 2009). "NASA's Mars Odyssey Alters Orbit to Study Warmer Ground". Pasadena, California: JPL. https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasas-mars-odyssey-alters-orbit-to-study-warmer-ground.
25. ↑ "NASA's Odyssey Spacecraft Sets Exploration Record on Mars". Press Releases. JPL, NASA. December 15, 2010. http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/odyssey/news/whatsnew/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews&NewsID=1091.
26. ↑ Howell, Elizabeth (July 23, 2018). "Mars Odyssey: Record-Breaking Mission to Mars". https://www.space.com/18270-mars-odyssey.html.
27. ↑ "Longest-Lived Mars Orbiter Is Back in Service". Status Reports. JPL. June 27, 2012. http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/odyssey/news/whatsnew/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews&NewsID=1242.
28. ↑ NASA, JPL (December 4, 2017). "Guidance, Navigation, and Control – Mars Odyssey". https://mars.nasa.gov/odyssey/mission/spacecraft/parts/guidancenavcontrol/.
29. ↑ "THEMIS Support for MSL Landing Site Selection". THEMIS. Arizona State University. July 28, 2006. http://themis.asu.edu/landingsites.
30. ↑ Gold, Scott (August 7, 2012). "Curiosity's perilous landing? 'Cleaner than any of our tests'". Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/local/la-xpm-2012-aug-07-la-sci-mars-seven-minutes-20120807-story.html.
31. ↑ "Mars Science Laboratory Landing". NASA/JPL. July 2012. https://mars.nasa.gov/internal_resources/785/.
32. ↑ Howell, Elizabeth (August 3, 2012). "How NASA's New Mars Rover Will Phone Home". https://www.space.com/16893-mars-rover-curiosity-brain.html.
33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Staff (February 12, 2014). "NASA Moves Longest-Serving Mars Spacecraft for New Observations". Press Releases (Jet Propulsion Laboratory). http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-047&2.
34. ↑ Webster, Guy; Brown, Dwayne (October 19, 2014). "NASA's Mars Odyssey Orbiter Watches Comet Fly Near". NASA. http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4346.
35. ↑ Webster, Guy; Brown, Dwayne (October 19, 2014). "NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Studies Comet Flyby". NASA. http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4344.
36. ↑ Jones, Nancy; Steigerwald, Bill; Webster, Guy; Brown, Dwayne (October 19, 2014). "NASA's MAVEN Studies Passing Comet and Its Effects". NASA. http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4345.
37. ↑ Webster, Guy; Brown, Dwayne; Jones, Nancy; Steigerwald, Bill (October 19, 2014). "All Three NASA Mars Orbiters Healthy After Comet Flyby". NASA. http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4347.
38. ↑ "A Comet's Brush With Mars". The New York Times. Agence France-Presse. October 19, 2014. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/19/science/a-comets-brush-with-mars.html.
39. ↑ Kremer, Ken (December 13, 2010). "The Longest Martian Odyssey Ever". Universe Today. http://www.universetoday.com/81675/the-longest-martian-odyssey-ever.
40. ↑ "January, 2008: Hydrogen Map". Lunar & Planetary Lab at The University of Arizona. http://grs.lpl.arizona.edu/latestresults.jsp.
41. ↑ "Confirmation of Water on Mars". Phoenix Mars Lander. NASA. June 20, 2008. http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/phoenix/news/phoenix-20080620.html.
42. ↑ "NASA's Phoenix touches, tastes Martian water". The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nasas-phoenix-touches-tastes-martian-water/articleshow/3313142.cms?from=mdr.

## External links

* The Mars Odyssey site
* 2001 Mars Odyssey Mission Profile by NASA's Solar System Exploration
* Sky & Telescope: "Mars Odyssey Pays Early Dividends"
* BBC News story on Mars Odyssey observations of apparent ice deposits
* Mars Trek—Shows present overhead position of Mars Odyssey

* v
* t
* e

Spacecraft missions to Mars

Active missions|

| Orbiters|

* 2001 Mars Odyssey
* Mars Express (MEX)
* Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)
* Mangalyaan (MOM)
* MAVEN
* ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO)

|

Landers|

* InSight

Rovers|

* Curiosity
* timeline

Past missions|

| Flybys|

* Mars 1†
* Mariner 4
* Zond 2†
* Mariner 6 and 7
* Mars 6
* Mars 7
* Rosetta
* Dawn
* Mars Cube One (MarCO)

|

Orbiters|

* Mars 2
* Mars 3
* Mariner 9
* Mars 4†
* Mars 5
* Viking program
* Viking 1
* Viking 2
* Phobos program
* Phobos 1†
* Phobos 2†
* Mars Observer†
* Mars Global Surveyor (MGS)
* Nozomi†
* Mars Climate Orbiter†

Landers|

* Mars 2†
* Mars 3†
* Mars 6†
* Mars 7†
* Viking 1
* Viking 2
* Mars Pathfinder
* Mars Polar Lander† / Deep Space 2†
* Beagle 2†
* Phoenix
* ExoMars Schiaparelli†

Rovers|

* Prop-M†
* Sojourner
* Spirit
* observations
* Opportunity
* timeline
* observations

Mars-crossing objects|

* Zond 3
* Elon Musk's Tesla Roadster

Failed launches|

* Mars 1M No.1
* 1M No.2
* 2MV-4 No.1
* 2MV-3 No.1
* Mariner 3
* Mars 2M No.521
* 2M No.522
* Mariner 8
* Mars 3MS No.170
* Mars 96
* Fobos-Grunt / Yinghuo-1

Future missions|

| Planned|

* Hope Mars Mission (2020)
* ExoMars (2020)
* Rosalind Franklin rover
* Kazachok lander
* Mars 2020 (2020)
* Mars Helicopter Scout
* HX-1 (2020)
* Mars Orbiter Mission 2 (2022 or 2023)
* Psyche (2022, flyby in 2023)
* Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) (2022, flyby in 2025)
* Tera-hertz Explorer (TEREX) (2022 lander, 2024 orbiter)
* SatRevolution (2022)
* Martian Moons Exploration (MMX) (2024)

|

Proposed|

* Biological Oxidant and Life Detection (BOLD)
* SpaceX base
* DePhine
* Icebreaker Life
* Mars Geyser Hopper
* Mars-Grunt
* Mars Micro Orbiter‎
* MELOS rover
* MetNet
* Next Mars Orbiter (NeMO)
* PADME
* Phootprint
* Sky-Sailor

Cancelled proposals|

* Aerial Regional-scale Environmental Survey (ARES)
* Astrobiology Field Laboratory
* Beagle 3
* Mars 4NM & 5NM
* Mars 5M (Mars-79)
* Mars-Aster
* Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher (MAX-C)
* Mars One
* Mars Surveyor Lander
* Mars Telecommunications Orbiter
* NetLander
* Northern Light
* Red Dragon
* Sample Collection for Investigation of Mars (SCIM)
* Vesta
* Voyager Mars

Exploration of Mars|

| Concepts|

* Flyby
* Orbiter
* Landing
* Rover
* Sample return
* Human mission
* Permanent settlement
* Colonization
* Terraforming

|

Strategies|

* Mars Scout Program
* Mars Exploration Program
* Mars Exploration Joint Initiative
* Mars Next Generation

Advocacy|

* The Mars Project
* The Case for Mars
* Inspiration Mars
* Mars Institute
* Mars Society
* Mars race

Lists|

* List of missions to Mars
* List of Mars orbiters
* List of artificial objects on Mars

Missions are ordered by launch date. Sign † indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned.

* v
* t
* e

21st-century space probes

Active space probes
(deep space missions)|

| Moon|

* ARTEMIS
* Chandrayaan-2
* Chang'e 3
* Chang'e 4 (Yutu-2)
* Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter

|

Mars|

* ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter

Venus|

* Akatsuki

Minor planet|

* Chang'e 2
* Hayabusa2 / MINERVA-II
* New Horizons
* OSIRIS-REx

Solar science|

* ACE
* DSCOVR
* Parker Solar Probe
* SOHO
* STEREO
* Wind

Others|

* BepiColombo
* Gaia
* Juno
* THEMIS
* Voyager 1
* Voyager 2

Completed after 2000
(by termination date)|

| 2000s|

* 2001
* NEAR Shoemaker
* Deep Space 1
* 2003
* Pioneer 10
* Galileo
* Nozomi
* 2004
* Genesis
* 2005
* Huygens
* 2006
* Mars Global Surveyor
* 2008
* Phoenix
* 2009
* Chang'e 1
* Ulysses
* Chandrayaan-1
* SELENE
* LCROSS

|

2010s|

* 2010
* Hayabusa
* MER Spirit
* 2011
* Stardust
* 2012
* GRAIL
* 2013
* Deep Impact
* 2014
* LADEE
* Venus Express
* Chang'e 5-T1
* 2015
* MESSENGER
* PROCYON
* IKAROS
* 2016
* Rosetta / Philae
* Yutu
* ExoMars Schiaparelli
* 2017
* LISA Pathfinder
* Cassini
* 2018
* MASCOT
* Dawn
* Longjiang-1
* 2019
* MarCO
* MER Opportunity
* Beresheet
* Longjiang-2
* Vikram / Pragyan

* List of Solar System probes
* List of lunar probes
* List of space telescopes

* v
* t
* e

NASA

Policy and history|

| History|

* NACA (1915)
* National Aeronautics and Space Act (1958)
* Space Task Group (1958)
* Paine (1986)
* Rogers (1986)
* Ride (1987)
* Space Exploration Initiative (1989)
* Augustine (1990)
* U.S. National Space Policy (1996)
* CFUSAI (2002)
* CAIB (2003)
* Vision for Space Exploration (2004)
* Aldridge (2004)
* Augustine (2009)

|

General|

* Space Race
* Administrator and Deputy Administrator
* Chief Scientist
* Astronaut Corps
* Ranks and positions
* Chief
* Budget
* Spin-off technologies
* NASA TV
* NASA Social
* Launch Services Program
* Mercury Control Center
* Kennedy Space Center
* Vehicle Assembly Building
* Launch Complex 39
* Launch Control Center
* Operations and Checkout Building
* Johnson Space Center
* Mission Control
* Lunar Sample Laboratory

Robotic programs|

| Past|

* Hitchhiker
* Mariner
* Mariner Mark II
* MESUR
* Mars Surveyor '98
* New Millennium
* Lunar Orbiter
* Pioneer
* Planetary Observer
* Ranger
* Surveyor
* Viking
* Project Prometheus
* Mars Scout
* Mars Exploration Rover

|

Current|

* Living With a Star
* Lunar Precursor Robotic Program
* Earth Observing System
* Great Observatories program
* Explorer
* Small explorer
* Voyager
* Discovery
* New Frontiers
* Solar Terrestrial Probes
* Commercial Lunar Payload Services

Human spaceflight
programs|

| Past|

* X-15 (suborbital)
* Mercury
* Gemini
* Apollo
* Apollo–Soyuz Test Project (with the Soviet space program)
* Skylab
* Space Shuttle
* Shuttle–Mir (with Roscosmos State Corporation)
* Constellation

|

Current|

* International Space Station
* Commercial Orbital Transportation Services
* Commercial Crew Development
* Orion
* Artemis
* Lunar Gateway

Individual featured
missions
(human and robotic)|

| Past|

* COBE
* Mercury 3
* Mercury-Atlas 6
* Magellan
* Pioneer 10
* Pioneer 11
* Galileo
* GALEX
* GRAIL
* WMAP
* Space Shuttle
* Sojourner rover
* Spirit rover
* LADEE
* MESSENGER
* Aquarius
* Cassini
* Dawn
* Kepler space telescope
* Opportunity rover
* RHESSI
* observed

|

Currently
operating|

* Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
* 2001 Mars Odyssey
* New Horizons
* International Space Station
* Hubble Space Telescope
* Spitzer
* Swift
* THEMIS
* Mars Exploration Rover
* Curiosity rover
* timeline
* InSight
* GOES 14
* Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
* GOES 15
* Van Allen Probes
* Solar Dynamics Observatory
* Juno
* Mars Science Laboratory
* timeline
* NuSTAR
* Voyager 1
* Voyager 2
* WISE
* MAVEN
* MMS
* OSIRIS-REx
* Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite

Future|

* Joint Polar Satellite System
* James Webb Space Telescope
* Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope
* Mars 2020
* NISAR
* Europa Clipper

Communications
and navigation|

* Near Earth Network
* Space Network
* Deep Space Network (Goldstone
* Madrid
* Canberra
* Space Flight Operations Facility)
* Deep Space Atomic Clock

NASA lists|

* Astronauts
* by name
* by year
* Gemini astronauts
* Apollo astronauts
* List of NASA aircraft
* List of NASA missions
* uncrewed missions
* List of NASA contractors
* List of United States rockets
* List of NASA cancellations
* List of Space Shuttle missions
* crews
* List of NASA cameras on spacecraft

NASA images
and artwork|

* Earthrise
* The Blue Marble
* Family Portrait
* Pale Blue Dot
* Pillars of Creation
* Mystic Mountain
* Solar System Family Portrait
* The Day the Earth Smiled
* Fallen Astronaut
* Lunar plaques
* Pioneer plaques
* Voyager Golden Record
* Apollo 11 goodwill messages
* NASA insignia
* Gemini and Apollo medallions
* Mission patches

Related|

* Apollo 15 postal covers incident
* Space Mirror Memorial
* The Astronaut Monument
* U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame
* Space program on U.S. stamps
* Apollo 17 Moon mice
* Other primates in space
* NASA spinoff technologies

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Current missions|

* ACRIMSAT
* ASTER
* Atmospheric infrared sounder (AIRS)
* Deep Space Atomic Clock
* GRACE-FO
* InSight
* Juno
* Keck observatory
* Large Binocular Telescope (LBT)
* Mars Odyssey
* Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)
* Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
* Microwave limb sounder (MLS)
* Multi-angle imaging spectroradiometer (MISR)
* Spitzer Space Telescope
* Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES)
* Voyager program
* Voyager 1
* Voyager 2

Planned|

* Mars 2020 rover
* Psyche
* Euclid
* Europa Clipper
* Lunar Flashlight
* NEA Scout
* SPHEREx
* SWOT
* WFIRST

Proposed|

* Europa Lander
* FINESSE

Past|

* Cassini-Huygens
* Dawn
* Deep Impact
* Deep Space 1
* Deep Space 2
* Explorers
* GALEX
* Galileo
* Genesis
* GRACE
* Herschel
* IRAS
* Jason-1
* Kepler
* Magellan
* Mariner
* Mars Climate Orbiter
* Mars Cube One (MarCO)
* Mars Observer
* Mars Pathfinder
* Mars Polar Lander
* Mars Global Surveyor
* Mars Exploration Rover (MER)
* NSCAT
* Phoenix
* Pioneer
* QuikSCAT
* Ranger
* Rosetta
* Seasat
* Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)
* Solar Mesosphere Explorer (SME)
* Spaceborne Imaging Radar (SIR)
* Stardust
* Surveyor
* SVLBI
* TOPEX/Poseidon
* Ulysses
* Viking
* Wide Field and Planetary Camera (WFPC)
* Wide Field Infrared Explorer (WIRE)

Cancelled missions|

* Astrobiology Field Laboratory (AFL)
* Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher (MAX-C)

Related organizations|

* NASA
* Caltech
* NASA Deep Space Network
* Goldstone Complex
* Table Mountain Observatory
* Solar System Ambassadors

* Jet Propulsion Laboratory Science Division
* Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking
* Space Flight Operations Facility

* v
* t
* e

Orbital launches in 2001

Shenzhou 2 | Türksat 2A | Progress M1-5 | USA-156 | Sicral 1 * Skynet 4F | STS-98 (Destiny) | Odin | Progress M-44 | USA-157 | STS-102 (Leonardo MPLM) | Eurobird 1 * BSAT-2a | XM-2 | Ekran-M No.18L | 2001 Mars Odyssey | GSAT-1 | STS-100 (Raffaello MPLM) | Soyuz TM-32 | XM-1 | PAS-10 | USA-158 | Progress M1-6 | Kosmos 2377 | Kosmos 2378 | Intelsat 901 | Astra 2C | ICO F2 | MAP | STS-104 (Quest) | Artemis * BSAT-2b | Molniya-3K No.11 | GOES 12 | Koronas-F | USA-159 | Genesis | STS-105 (Leonardo MPLM * Simplesat) | Progress M-45 | Kosmos 2379 | VEP-2 * LRE | Intelsat 902 | USA-160 | Progress M-SO1 (Pirs) | OrbView-4 * QuickTOMS * SBD * Odyssey | Atlantic Bird 2 | Starshine 3 * PICOSat * PCSat * SAPPHIRE | USA-161 | Globus No.14L | USA-162 | QuickBird-2 | Soyuz TM-33 | TES * PROBA * BIRD | Molniya-3 No.64 | Progress M1-7 (Kolibri 2000) | DirecTV-4S | Kosmos 2380 * Kosmos 2381 * Kosmos 2382 | STS-108 (Raffaello MPLM * Starshine 2 | Jason-1 * TIMED | Meteor-3M #1 * Kompass * Badr-B * Maroc-Tubsat * Reflektor | Kosmos 2383 | Kosmos 2384 * Kosmos 2385 * Kosmos 2386 * Gonets-D1 No.10 * Gonets-D1 No.11 * Gonets-D1 No.12

Payloads are separated by bullets ( * ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in bold text. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in italics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in brackets.

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001 Mars Odyssey. Read more

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