201 Penelope

Short description: Main-belt asteroid

201 Penelope

A three-dimensional model of 201 Penelope based on its light curve.

Discovery
Discovered by| Johann Palisa
Discovery date| 7 August 1879
Designations

MPC designation

| (201) Penelope
Pronunciation| /pɪˈnɛləpiː/[1]
Named after| Penelópē

Alternative designations

| A879 PA; 1869 GA
Minor planet category| Main belt
Adjectives| Penelopean /pɪˈnɛloʊˈpiːən/[1]
Orbital characteristics[4]
Epoch 21 January 2022 (JD 2457600.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc| 142.58 yr (52,077 d)[2]
|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}| 3.160 astronomical unit|AU (472.710 Gm)[2]
|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}| 2.199 AU (329.009 Gm)[3][2]

Semi-major axis

| 2.680 AU (400.859 Gm)[3][2]
Eccentricity| 0.17924[3][2]
Orbital period| 4.39 yr (1,602.14 d)[2]
Average Orbital speed| 18.19 km/s
Mean anomaly| 169.01173°[3]
Mean motion| 0° 13m 28.917s / day[3]
Inclination| 5.75625°[3][2]
Longitude of ascending node| 156.91554°[3]

|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}

| 180.90559°[3]
Jupiter MOID| 2.23013 AU (333.623 Gm)[2]
TJupiter| 3.347[2]
Physical characteristics
Dimensions| 68.39±3.5 km[4]
87.72 km[5]
Rotation period| 3.7474 h (0.15614 d)[2]
Geometric albedo| 0.1604±0.018[4]
0.0881±0.0187[5]

Spectral type

* Tholen = M[5]
* SMASS = X[2]
* B–V = 0.720[2]
* U–B = 0.233[2]

Absolute magnitude (H)|

* 8.38[2]
* 8.43[4]
* 8.5[3]
* 8.54[5]

Penelope (minor planet designation: 201 Penelope) is a large main belt asteroid that was discovered by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa on August 7, 1879, in Pola. The asteroid is named after Penelope, the wife of Odysseus in Homer's The Odyssey. It is orbiting the Sun at a distance of 2.68 astronomical unit|AU with an eccentricity (ovalness) of 0.18 and a period of 4.381 years. The orbital plane is tilted at an angle of 5.8° to the plane of the ecliptic.[4]

Based upon the spectra of this object, it is classified as a M-type asteroid, indicating it may be metallic in composition.[5] It may be the remnant of the core of a larger, differentiated asteroid. Near infrared absorption features indicate the presence of variable amounts of low-iron, low-calcium orthopyroxenes on the surface. Trace amounts of water is detected with a mass fraction of about 0.13–0.15 wt%.[6] It has an estimated size of around 88 km.[5] With a rotation period of 3.74 hours, it is the fastest rotating asteroid larger than 50 km in diameter.[4]

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Penelope (3rd ed.), Oxford University Press, September 2005, http://oed.com/search?searchType=dictionary&q=Penelope (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 "Small-Body Database Lookup". https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=201&view=OPA.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 "IAU Minor Planet Center". https://minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=201.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 "JPL Small-Body Database Search Engine: diameter > 50 (km) and rot_per > 0 (h)". JPL Solar System Dynamics. http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb_query.cgi?obj_group=all;obj_kind=all;obj_numbered=all;OBJ_field=0;ORB_field=0;combine_mode=AND;c1_group=OBJ;c1_item=Ap;c1_op=>;c1_value=50;c2_group=OBJ;c2_item=As;c2_op=>;c2_value=0;table_format=HTML;max_rows=100;format_option=comp;c_fields=AcBhBgBjBiBnBsAiApAs;.cgifields=format_option;.cgifields=obj_kind;.cgifields=obj_group;.cgifields=obj_numbered;.cgifields=combine_mode;.cgifields=ast_orbit_class;.cgifields=table_format;.cgifields=com_orbit_class&query=1&c_sort=AsA. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Pravec, P. et al. (May 2012), "Absolute Magnitudes of Asteroids and a Revision of Asteroid Albedo Estimates from WISE Thermal Observations", Asteroids, Comets, Meteors 2012, Proceedings of the conference held May 16–20, 2012 in Niigata, Japan (1667), Bibcode: 2012LPICo1667.6089P. See Table 4.
6. ↑ Hardersen, Paul S.; Gaffey, Michael J.; Abell, Paul A. (January 1983), "Near-IR spectral evidence for the presence of iron-poor orthopyroxenes on the surfaces of six M-type asteroids", Icarus 175 (1): pp. 141–158, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.10.017, Bibcode: 2005Icar..175..141H.

## External links

* The Asteroid Orbital Elements Database
* Asteroid Lightcurve Parameters
* Asteroid Albedo Compilation
* 201 Penelope at AstDyS-2, Asteroids—Dynamic Site
* Ephemeris * Observation prediction * Orbital info * Proper elements * Observational info
* 201 Penelope at the JPL Small-Body Database
* Close approach * Discovery * Ephemeris * Orbit diagram * Orbital elements * Physical parameters

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