4003 Schumann

4003 SchumannDiscovery [1]

Discovered by| F. Börngen
Discovery site| Karl Schwarzschild Obs.
Discovery date| 8 March 1964
Designations

MPC designation

| (4003) Schumann
Named after| Robert Schumann
(German composer)[2]

Alternative designations

| 1964 ED * 1933 FG1
1967 RK1 * 1968 UL3
1974 SE2 * 1978 GM4
1980 RH2 * 1980 TP6
1981 WV8
Minor planet category| main-belt * (outer) [1][3]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc| 84.20 yr (30,753 days)
|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}| 3.7477 AU
|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}| 3.1040 AU

Semi-major axis

| 3.4258 AU
Eccentricity| 0.0939
Orbital period| 6.34 yr (2,316 days)
Mean anomaly| 343.35°
Mean motion| 0° 9m 19.44s / day
Inclination| 5.0589°
Longitude of ascending node| 189.31°

|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}

| 116.48°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions| 32.03 km (calculated)[3]
35.00±0.89 km[4]
36.115±0.245[5]
38.207±0.611 km[6]
Rotation period| 5.5984±0.0019 h[7]
5.601±0.001 h[8]
5.6040±0.0019 h[7]
5.7502±0.0007 h[9]
Geometric albedo| 0.0439±0.0089[6]
0.049±0.008[5]
0.057 (assumed)[3]
0.072±0.004[4]

Spectral type

| C [3]
Absolute magnitude (H)| 10.80[4] * 11.1[6] * 11.154±0.003 (R)[7] * 11.186±0.002 (R)[7] * 11.2[1][3] * 11.40±0.20[10]

4003 Schumann, provisional designation 1964 ED, is a carbonaceous asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 35 kilometers in diameter.

The asteroid was discovered on 8 March 1964, by German astronomer Freimut Börngen at the Karl Schwarzschild Observatory in Tautenburg, Eastern Germany.[11] It was named after German composer Robert Schumann.[2]

## Contents

* 1 Orbit and classification
* 2 Physical characteristics
* 2.1 Diameter and albedo
* 2.2 Rotation period
* 3 Naming
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## Orbit and classification

Schumann orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 3.1–3.7 AU once every 6 years and 4 months (2,316 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.09 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] The first precovery was obtained at Heidelberg Observatory in 1933, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 31 years prior to its discovery.[11]

## Physical characteristics

Schumann has been characterized as a dark C-type asteroid.[3]

### Diameter and albedo

According to the space-based surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its NEOWISE mission, Schumann's surface has an albedo of 0.04 and 0.07, and an estimated diameter of 35.0 and 38.2 kilometers, respectively.[4][5][6] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for carbonaceous bodies of 0.057, and calculates a diameter of 32.0 kilometers.[3]

### Rotation period

Several photometric lightcurves of Schumann gave a rotation period between 5.60 and 5.75 hours with a brightness amplitude in the range of 0.20 to 0.23 in magnitude ({{{1}}}).[9][8][7]

## Naming

This minor planet was named in honor of German composer of the Romantic era, Robert Schumann (1810–1856), known for his Lieder, chamber works and cello concerti. He was born in Zwickau, in proximity to the discovering observatory in Tautenburg.[2] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 May 1989 (M.P.C. 14634).[12]

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 4003 Schumann (1964 ED)". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2004003.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(4003) Schumann". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (4003) Schumann. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 341. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_3988. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 "LCDB Data for (4003) Schumann". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=4003|Schumann.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 63 (5): 1117–1138. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Bibcode: 2011PASJ...63.1117U. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R. et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal 791 (2): 11. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...791..121M. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2014ApJ...791..121M. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D. et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal 741 (2): 25. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...741...90M. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011ApJ...741...90M. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Waszczak, Adam; Chang, Chan-Kao; Ofek, Eran O.; Laher, Russ; Masci, Frank; Levitan, David et al. (September 2015). "Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry". The Astronomical Journal 150 (3): 35. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75. Bibcode: 2015AJ....150...75W. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015AJ....150...75W. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Brinsfield, J. W. (April 2011). "Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Via Capote Observatory: 4th Quarter 2010". The Minor Planet Bulletin 38 (2): 73–74. ISSN 1052-8091. Bibcode: 2011MPBu...38...73B. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011MPBu...38...73B. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (4003) Schumann". Geneva Observatory. http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page4cou.html#004003.
10. ↑ Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus 261: 34–47. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Bibcode: 2015Icar..261...34V. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "4003 Schumann (1964 ED)". Minor Planet Center. https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=4003.
12. ↑ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html.

## External links

* Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info )
* Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
* Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center
* 4003 Schumann at AstDyS-2, Asteroids—Dynamic Site
* Ephemeris * Observation prediction * Orbital info * Proper elements * Observational info
* 4003 Schumann at the JPL Small-Body Database
* Close approach * Discovery * Ephemeris * Orbit diagram * Orbital elements * Physical parameters

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