Commercial Lunar Payload Services

Short description: NASA program contracting commercial transportation services to the Moon

Commercial Lunar Payload Services

Models of the first three commercial landers selected for the program. Left to right: Peregrine by Astrobotic Technology, Nova-C by Intuitive Machines, and Z-01 by OrbitBeyond.

Type of project| Aerospace
Products| Proposed: Artemis-7, McCandless Lunar Lander, XL-1, MX-1, MX-2, MX-5, MX-9, SERIES-2
Current: Peregrine, Griffin, Nova-C, Blue Ghost, APEX 1.0
Owner| NASA
Country| United States
Established| 2018; 8 years ago (2018)
Status| Active
Website| NASA.gov/commercial-lunar-payload-services

Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) is a NASA program to hire companies to send small robotic landers and rovers to the Moon. Most landing sites are near the lunar south pole[1][2] where they will scout for lunar resources, test in situ resource utilization (ISRU) concepts, and perform lunar science to support the Artemis lunar program. CLPS is intended to buy end-to-end payload services between Earth and the lunar surface using fixed-price contracts.[3][4] The program achieved the first landing on the Moon by a commercial company in history with the IM-1 mission in 2024. The program was extended to add support for large payloads starting after 2025. In 2026 NASA proposed a "CLPS 2.0" initiative.[5]

The CLPS program is run by NASA's Science Mission Directorate along with the Human Exploration and Operations and Space Technology Mission directorates. NASA expects the contractors to provide all activities necessary to safely integrate, accommodate, transport, and operate NASA payloads, including launch vehicles, lunar lander spacecraft, lunar surface systems, Earth re-entry vehicles and associated resources.[4]

Eight missions have been contracted under the program (excluding a mission contract that was revoked after awarding, and a mission contract that was cancelled after the contracted company went bankrupt).

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Overview
* 3 Contractors
* 4 Payload selection
* 4.1 Lunar Discovery and Exploration Program
* 4.2 First batch
* 4.3 Second batch
* 4.4 Third batch
* 4.5 Fourth batch
* 5 List of missions announced under CLPS
* 5.1 Missions contracted
* 5.2 Missions announced but not yet contracted
* 5.3 Cancelled missions
* 6 See also
* 7 References
* 8 External links

## History

NASA has been planning the exploration and use of natural lunar resources for many years. A variety of exploration, science, and technology objectives that could be addressed by regularly sending instruments, experiments and other small payloads to the Moon have been identified by NASA.[3]

When the concept study on the Resource Prospector rover was cancelled in April 2018, NASA officials explained that lunar surface exploration would continue in the future, but using commercial lander services under a new CLPS program.[6][7] Later that April, NASA announced the Commercial Lunar Payload Services program as the first step in the solicitation for flights to the Moon.[3][4][8] In April 2018, CLPS issued a Draft Request for Proposal,[4] and in September 2018 the CLPS Request for Proposal was issued as a formal solicitation.[9]

On November 29, 2018, NASA announced the first nine companies that would be allowed to bid on contracts,[10] which were indefinite delivery, indefinite quantity contracts with a combined maximum contract value of $2.6 billion over ten years.[10]

In February 2018, NASA issued a solicitation for Lunar Surface Instrument and Technology Payloads that may become CLPS customers. Proposals were due by November 2018 and January 17, 2019. NASA makes annual calls for proposals.[11][12]

On May 31, 2019, NASA announced a list of awards, to Astrobotic, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, $79.5 million; Intuitive Machines, of Houston, Texas, $77 million; and OrbitBeyond, $97 million; to launch their Moon landers.[13] However, Orbit Beyond dropped out in July 2019 (with NASA acknowledging termination of contract on July 29, 2019), but remained able to bid on future missions.[14] In January 2024, NASA reported the initial award to Astrobotic had grown to $108 million, to carry five NASA science payloads instead of the initial number of 14, and that the contract value for Intuitive Machines had increased to $118 million.[15][16]

On July 1, 2019, a $5.6 million contract was awarded to Astrobotic and its partner Carnegie Mellon University to develop MoonRanger, a 13 kg (29 lb) rover to carry payloads on the Moon for NASA's CLPS.[17][18] Launch was envisioned for either 2021 or 2022.[18][19] The rover would carry science payloads yet to be determined and developed by other providers, that would focus on scouting and creating 3D maps of a polar region for signs of water ice or lunar pits for entrances to Moon caves.[19][20] The rover would operate mostly autonomously for up to one week.[20]

On November 18, 2019, NASA added five contractors to the group of companies eligible to bid to deliver large payloads to the lunar surface under the CLPS program: Blue Origin, Ceres Robotics, Sierra Nevada Corporation, SpaceX, and Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems.[21]

On April 8, 2020, NASA announced it had awarded the fourth (after Astrobotic's, Intuitive Machines' and OrbitBeyond's awards) CLPS contract for Masten Space Systems. The contract, worth $75.9 million, was for Masten's XL-1 lunar lander to deliver payloads from NASA and other customers to the south pole of the Moon in late 2022.[22]

On June 11, 2020, NASA awarded Astrobotic Technology its second CLPS contract. The mission would be the first flight of Astrobotic's larger Griffin lander.[23] Griffin weighs 450 kg. The award was for $199.5 million[23] which covers Griffin lander and launch costs. The mission was scheduled for November 2024.[24]

On October 16, 2020,[25] NASA awarded Intuitive Machines their second CLPS contract for Intuitive Machines Mission 2 (IM-2). The contract was worth approximately $47 million. Using a Nova-C lander, the mission would land a drill (PRIME-1) combined with a mass spectrometer near the Lunar south pole, to attempt harvesting ice from below the surface. The mission was scheduled for December 2022, using a Falcon 9 rocket.

On February 4, 2021, NASA awarded a CLPS contract to Firefly Aerospace, of Cedar Park, Texas, for approximately $93.3 million, to deliver a suite of 10 science investigations and technology demonstrations to the Moon in 2023 (later delayed to 2024). This was the sixth award (seventh counting the OrbitBeyond award that was later cancelled) for lunar surface delivery (a lunar lander) under the CLPS initiative. This was the first delivery awarded to Firefly Aerospace, which would provide the lunar delivery service using its Blue Ghost lander, designed and developed at the company Cedar Park facility.[26]

Nova-C lander model, on display in May 2019 at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland

The next (seventh, not counting the OrbitBeyond contract) CLPS contract was awarded by NASA on November 17, 2021 to Intuitive Machines, their 3rd award. Their Nova-C lander was contracted to land four NASA payloads (about 92 kg in total) to study a lunar feature called Reiner Gamma. The mission was known as IM-3 mission and was planned to land on the Moon in 2024. The contract value was $77.5 million and under the contract, Intuitive Machines was responsible for end-to-end delivery services, including payload integration, delivery from Earth to the surface of the Moon, and payload operations.[27]

On July 21, 2022, NASA announced that it had awarded a CLPS contract (8th, not counting OrbitBeyond) worth $73 million to a team led by the company Draper. The mission targeted Schrödinger Basin on the farside of the Moon, planned for 2025. The mission lander, called SERIES-2 by Draper, would deliver to Schrödinger Basin three experiments to collect seismic data, measure the heat flow and electrical conductivity of the lunar subsurface and measure electromagnetic phenomena created by the interaction of the solar wind and plasma with the lunar surface. This mission would be the first CLPS mission to target the lunar far side, and aims to be the second landing (after China's Chang'e-4) to the Moon's far side. The mission would also develop and deploy two data relay satellites, a must for missions in the lunar far side. Many companies are involved in the mission with Draper being the prime contractor, including ispace.[28] On September 29, 2023, ispace announced that the SERIES-2 lander had been comprehensively redesigned and renamed as APEX 1.0, causing the mission to be delayed to 2026.[29]

Masten Space Systems filed for bankruptcy in July 2022,[30] with nearly all their assets sold to Astrobotic Technology.[31] This led to the cancellation of Masten's CLPS mission.

On March 14, 2023, NASA awarded Firefly a $112 million task order (8th CLPS contract, not counting OrbitBeyond or Masten Space Systems) for a mission to the far side of the Moon using the second Blue Ghost lander, expected to launch in 2026.[32]

On March 2, 2025, the Blue Ghost lander touched down on the moon around 3:30 a.m. Eastern Time. The spacecraft, built by Firefly Aerospace of Cedar Park, Texas, carried ten instruments for NASA as part of CLPS. Many will focus on lunar dust, which can be angular, sticky and sharp and is difficult for machinery to handle and can be challenging for the health of future astronauts.[33]

## Overview

The lunar south pole region is of special interest because of the occurrence of water ice in permanently shadowed areas inside craters, near constant solar power at the crater rims, and abundant metals and oxygen in the regolith.[34][35] Landing sites of the CLPS missions

The competitive nature of the CLPS program is expected to reduce the cost of lunar exploration, accelerate a robotic return to the Moon, sample return, resource prospecting in the south polar region, and promote innovation and growth of related commercial industries.[36] The payload development program is called Development and Advancement of Lunar Instrumentation (DALI), and the payload goals are exploration, in situ resource utilization (ISRU), and lunar science. The first instruments were expected to be selected by summer 2019,[4] and the flight opportunities were expected to start in 2021.[36][4]

Multiple contracts will be issued, and the early payloads will likely be small because of the limited capacity of the initial commercial landers.[8] The first landers and rovers will be technology demonstrators on hardware such as precision landing/hazard avoidance, power generation (solar and RTGs), in situ resource utilization (ISRU), cryogenic fluid management, autonomous operations and sensing, and advanced avionics, mobility, mechanisms, and materials.[4] This program requires that only US launch vehicles can launch the spacecraft.[4] The mass of the landers and rovers can range from miniature to 1,000 kg (2,200 lb),[37] with a 500 kg (1,100 lb) lander targeted to launch in 2022.[36]

The Draft Request for Proposal's covering letter states that the contracts will last up to 10 years. As NASA's need to send payloads to the lunar surface (and other cislunar destinations) arises, it will issue Firm-Fixed Price 'task orders' on which the approved prime contractors can bid. A Scope Of Work will be issued with each task order. The CLPS proposals are being evaluated against five Technical Accessibility Standards.[4]

NASA is assuming a cost of one million dollars per kilogram delivered to the lunar surface. (This figure may be revised after a lunar landing when the actual costs are available.)[38]

## Contractors

Astrobotic Peregrine

The companies selected are considered "main contractors" that can sub-contract projects to other companies of their choice. The first companies granted the right to bid on CLPS contracts were chosen in 2018.[10][39][9]

On May 21, 2019, three companies were awarded lander contracts: Astrobotic Technology, Intuitive Machines, OrbitBeyond.[13]

On July 29, 2019, NASA announced that it had granted OrbitBeyond's request to be released from this specific contract, citing "internal corporate challenges."[40]

On November 18, 2019, NASA added five new contractors to the group of companies who are eligible to bid to send large payloads to the surface of the Moon with the CLPS program.[21]

On April 8, 2020, NASA selected Masten Space Systems for a mission to deliver and operate eight payloads – with nine science and technology instruments – to the Moon's South Pole in 2022.[41][42][43] Masten Space Systems filed for bankruptcy in July 2022;[30][31] this led to the cancellation of Masten's CLPS mission.

On February 4, 2021, NASA awarded a CLPS contract to Firefly Aerospace for a mission to deliver a suite of 10 science investigations and technology demonstrations to the Moon in 2023.[26]

On July 21, 2022, NASA announced that it had awarded a CLPS contract to Draper Laboratories.[28]

On August 29, 2024 NASA announced that it awarded another CLPS task order to Intuitive Machines. The six payloads include four from NASA, one from the European Space Agency and one from the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics at the University of Colorado Boulder.[44]

On July 29, 2025, NASA announced that it had awarded a fourth CLPS task order to Firefly (Blue Ghost-4). It will carry a Canadian Space Agency's lunar rover.[45]

Eligible contractors and contract awards  Selection date | Company | Headquarters | Proposed services | First awarded contract

|
|
|
|

November 29, 2018  | Astrobotic Technology | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | Peregrine and Griffin landers | May 31, 2019
Deep Space Systems | Littleton, Colorado | Rover; design and development services |
Draper Laboratory | Cambridge, Massachusetts | originally proposed Artemis-7 lander; contract awarded for SERIES-2 lander, to be built by iSpace | July 21, 2022
Firefly Aerospace | Cedar Park, Texas | Blue Ghost lander[46][47] | February 4, 2021
Intuitive Machines | Houston, Texas | Nova-C lander | May 31, 2019
Lockheed Martin Space | Littleton, Colorado | McCandless Lunar Lander |
Masten Space Systems | Mojave, California | XL-1 lander | April 8, 2020
Moon Express | Cape Canaveral, Florida | MX-1, MX-2, MX-5, MX-9 landers; sample return. |
OrbitBeyond | Edison, New Jersey | Z-01 and Z-02 landers | [note 1]
November 18, 2019  | Blue Origin | Kent, Washington | Blue Moon lander |
Ceres Robotics | Palo Alto, California |  |
Sierra Nevada Corporation | Louisville, Colorado |  |
SpaceX | Hawthorne, California | Starship |
Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems | Irvine, California |  |

Notes:

1. ↑ Contract awarded 31 May 2019 and withdrawn 29 July 2019

## Payload selection

The CLPS contracts for landers and lander missions do not include the payloads themselves. The payloads are developed under separate contracts either at NASA facilities or in commercial facilities. The CLPS landers provide landing, support services, and sample return as specified in each individual contract.

The first batch of science payloads are being developed in NASA facilities, due to the short time available before the first planned flights. Subsequent selections include payloads provided by universities and industry. Calls for payloads are planned to be released each year for additional opportunities.

### Lunar Discovery and Exploration Program

The Lunar Discovery and Exploration Program (LDEP) within the NASA Science Mission Directorate establishes contracts for the CLPS program and selects lunar science instruments that will use CLPS services.[48] The CLPS Lunar Instrument Development process includes NASA Provided Lunar Payloads (NPLP), Lunar Surface Instrument and Technology Payloads (LSITP), Payloads and Research Investigations on the Surface of the Moon (PRISM), Development and Advancement of Lunar Instrumentation (DALI), Lunar Terrain Vehicle (LTV) Instruments and Artemis Surface Instruments.[49] LDEP aspires to conduct at least two CLPS missions per year.[50]

Delivery missions for these payloads were solicited in batches.

### First batch

The first twelve NASA payloads and experiments were announced on February 21, 2019,[51][52] and will fly on separate missions. As of February 2021[update] NASA has awarded contracts for four CLPS lander missions to support these payloads.

* Linear Energy Transfer Spectrometer, to monitor the lunar surface radiation.
* Magnetometer, to measure the surface magnetic field.
* Low-frequency Radio Observations from the Near Side Lunar Surface, a radio experiment to measure photoelectron sheath density near the surface.
* A set of three instruments to collect data during entry, descent and landing on the lunar surface to help develop future crewed landers.
* Stereo Cameras for Lunar Plume-Surface Studies is a set of cameras for monitoring the interaction between the lander engine plume and the lunar surface.
* Surface and Exosphere Alterations by Landers, another landing monitor to study the effects of spacecraft on the lunar exosphere.
* Navigation Doppler Lidar for Precise Velocity and Range Sensing is a velocity and ranging lidar instrument designed to make lunar landings more precise.
* Near-Infrared Volatile Spectrometer System, is an imaging spectrometer to analyze the composition of the lunar surface.
* Neutron Spectrometer System and Advanced Neutron Measurements at the Lunar Surface, are a pair of neutron detectors to quantify the hydrogen and therefore water near the surface.
* Ion-Trap Mass Spectrometer for Lunar Surface Volatiles, is a mass spectrometer for measuring volatiles on the surface and in the exosphere.Lunar Node-1 instrument of IM-1 Odysseus Lunar lander (February 2024)
* Solar Cell Demonstration Platform for Enabling Long-Term Lunar Surface Power, a next-generation solar array for long-term missions.
* Lunar Node 1 Navigation Demonstrator, a navigation beacon for providing geolocation for orbiters and landing craft.

### Second batch

On July 1, 2019, NASA announced the selection of twelve additional payloads, provided by universities and industry. Seven of these are scientific investigations while five are technology demonstrations.[53]

* MoonRanger, a small, fast-moving rover that has the capability to drive beyond communications range with a lander and then return to it. To be made by Astrobotic Technology, Incorporated, it was to be launched aboard the canceled Masten Mission One.
* Heimdall, a camera system with flight heritage on MSL, OSIRIS-REx and GOSAT-2, including four CMOS cameras and a DVR. Designed and built by MSSS for the Planetary Science Institute.[54] Selected through LSITP.
* Lunar Demonstration of a Reconfigurable, Radiation Tolerant Computer System, which will demonstrate a radiation-tolerant computing technology. Montana State University.
* Regolith Adherence Characterization (RAC) Payload, which will determine how lunar regolith sticks to a range of materials exposed to the Moon's environment. Alpha Space Test and Research Alliance, LLC.
* The Lunar Magnetotelluric Sounder (LMS), which will characterize the structure and composition of the Moon's mantle by studying electric and magnetic fields. Southwest Research Institute. Planned for flight aboard Blue Ghost.[55] Also part of the Lunar Interior Temperature and Materials Suite planned for launch in 2026.[56]
* The Lunar Surface Electromagnetics Experiment (LuSEE), which will make comprehensive measurements of electromagnetic phenomena on the surface of the Moon. University of California, Berkeley.
* The Lunar Environment heliospheric X-ray Imager (LEXI), which will capture images of the interaction of Earth's magnetosphere with solar wind. Boston University.
* Next Generation Lunar Retroreflectors (NGLR), which will serve as a target for lasers on Earth to precisely measure the Earth-Moon distance. University of Maryland.
* Lunar Compact InfraRed Imaging System (L-CIRiS), an infrared radiometer to explore the Moon's surface composition and temperature distribution. Built for the University of Colorado by Ball Aerospace.[57] Selected through LDEP.
* The Lunar Instrumentation for Subsurface Thermal Exploration with Rapidity (LISTER), an instrument designed to measure heat flow from the interior of the Moon. Texas Tech University. Planned for flight aboard Blue Ghost.[55] Also part of the Lunar Interior Temperature and Materials Suite planned for launch in 2026.[56]
* PlanetVac, a technology for acquiring and transferring lunar regolith from the surface to other instruments or place it in a container for its potential return to Earth. Honeybee Robotics, Ltd; development sponsored by The Planetary Society.[58]
* SAMPLR: Sample Acquisition, Morphology Filtering, and Probing of Lunar Regolith, a sample acquisition technology that will make use of a robotic arm. Maxar Technologies.

### Third batch

The lunar swirl known as Reiner Gamma (60 km width), seen at 750 nm by the Clementine spacecraft (July 2011)

In June 2021, NASA announced the selection of three payloads from its Payloads and Research Investigations on the Surface of the Moon (PRISM) call for proposals. These payloads were to have been sent to Reiner Gamma and Schrödinger Basin in the 2023–2024 timeframe.[56]

* Lunar Vertex:[59] a joint lander and rover payload suite slated for delivery to Reiner Gamma to investigate lunar swirls. Assigned to IM-3 lander mission. Applied Physics Laboratory.
* Farside Seismic Suite (FSS): two seismometers, the vertical Very Broadband seismometer and the Short Period sensor, will measure seismic activity on the far side of the Moon at Schrödinger Basin. Assigned to an ispace lander mission. Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
* Lunar Interior Temperature and Materials Suite (LITMS): two instruments, the Lunar Instrumentation for Subsurface Thermal Exploration with Rapidity pneumatic drill and the Lunar Magnetotelluric Sounder, previously selected in the second batch and slated for delivery to Schrödinger Basin. Will complement data acquired by the FSS. Southwest Research Institute.

Gruithuisen Domes: the Gamma and Delta domes are separated by a relatively flat basaltic plain (2021)

### Fourth batch

In June 2022, NASA announced the selection of two new payloads from its Payloads and Research Investigations on the Surface of the Moon (PRISM) call for proposals.[60]

The Lunar Vulkan Imaging and Spectroscopy Explorer (Lunar-VISE)[61] investigation is a suite of five instruments, two of which will be mounted on a stationary lander and three mounted on a mobile rover to be provided as a service by the CLPS vendor. Lunar-VISE will study a rare form of lunar volcanism. Lunar-VISE will be sent to one of the Gruithuisen Domes: Mons Gruithuisen Gamma or Mons Gruithuisen Delta.[60]

The Lunar Explorer Instrument for space biology Applications (LEIA) science suite, is a small CubeSat-based device. LEIA will provide biological research on the Moon – which cannot be simulated or replicated with high fidelity on the Earth or International Space Station – by delivering the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the lunar surface and studying its response to radiation and lunar gravity. Saccharomyces cerevisiae serves as a model organism used to understand DNA damage response and repair.[60]

## List of missions announced under CLPS

### Missions contracted

Orbit Beyond returned their task order (canceling their mission) two months after the award in 2019.[23] That mission is not listed below.

No  | Name  | Launch  | Contractor  | Lander  | Launch Vehicle  | Awarded  | Lunar
Destination  | Notes  | Outcome

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

TO2-AB  | Peregrine Mission One | 8 January 2024[62] | Astrobotic Technology | Peregrine | Vulcan Centaur VC2S  | May 2019  | Gruithuisen Domes[63] | Carried 5 CLPS payloads.[64][65] Propellant leak prevented landing attempt.[66] | Failure
TO2-IM  | IM-1 | 15 February 2024[67] | Intuitive Machines | Nova-C Odysseus | Falcon 9 Block 5 | May 2019[23] | Near Malapert-A[68] | Carried 6 CLPS payloads.[69][70] First landing.[71][72] Significantly tipped after landing, limiting mission duration, but was still able to complete most scientific missions.[73] | Partial failure
TO 19D  | Blue Ghost Mission 1 | 15 January 2025[74][75] | Firefly Aerospace | Blue Ghost | Falcon 9 Block 5 | February 2021[76] | Mare Crisium | Carried 10 CLPS payloads.[77] First fully successful landing of the CLPS Program  | Success
CLPS‑3  | IM-2 | 27 February 2025[78] | Intuitive Machines | Nova-C Athena | Falcon 9 Block 5 | October 2020[25] | Mons Mouton | Carried 4 CLPS payloads, including PRIME-1. Tipped during landing preventing few meaningful scientific experiments from being performed.[73][79] | Failure
TO CT-3  | Blue Moon Pathfinder Mission 1 | Blue Origin | Blue Moon Mark 1 | New Glenn | July 2024[80] | South Pole | Test flight of Blue Moon Mark 1 lander. Testing technologies for Human Landing System. Will carry a CLPS payload.[81] | Planned
CP‑11  | IM-3 | Second half of 2026[82] | Intuitive Machines | Nova-C | Falcon 9 Block 5 | November 2021[83][27] | Reiner Gamma | Will carry payloads, including ESA's MoonLIGHT.[84] | Planned
TO 20A  | Griffin Mission I | July 2026[85] | Astrobotic Technology | Griffin | Falcon Heavy | June 2020  | Nobile Crater | Will carry FLIP rover from Venturi Astrolab.[86] | Planned
CS-3  | Blue Ghost Mission 2 | December 2026[87] | Firefly Aerospace | Blue Ghost | TBA  | March 2023  | Far side | Will deliver a CLMSS payload to lunar orbit; LuSEE-Night to the surface.[88] | Planned
CP‑22  | IM-4  | 2027[89] | Intuitive Machines | Nova-C | TBA  | August 2024  | South Pole | Will carry payloads, including ESA's PROSPECT.[90] | Planned
CS-7  | Blue Moon Pathfinder Mission 2 | Late 2027  | Blue Origin | Blue Moon Mark 1 | New Glenn | September 2025  | South Pole | Has opportunity to carry NASA's VIPER Rover[91] | Planned
CP‑21  | Blue Ghost Mission 3  | 2028[92] | Firefly Aerospace | Blue Ghost | TBA  | December 2024  | Gruithuisen domes | [93] | Planned
| Blue Ghost Mission 4  | 2029[94] | Firefly Aerospace  | Blue Ghost  | TBA  | July 2025  | South Pole  |  | Planned
CLPS‑12  | ispace Mission 5  | 2030[95] | Draper Laboratory / ispace | Ultra | TBA  | July 2022  | Schrödinger Basin | Will carry LuSEE-Lite.[84] | Planned

### Missions announced but not yet contracted

No  | Name  | Launch  | Contractor  | Lander  | Launch Vehicle  | Awarded  | Lunar
Destination  | Notes  | Outcome

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

| TBA  | 2027  | TBA  | TBA  | TBA  | TBA  | Ina volcanic crater | The DIMPLE payload, short for Dating an Irregular Mare Patch with a Lunar Explorer, will fly on a future CLPS provider's mission. DIMPLE will investigate the Ina irregular mare patch.[96] | Planned

### Cancelled missions

No  | Name  | Launch  | Contractor  | Lander  | Launch Vehicle  | Awarded  | Lunar
Destination  | Notes

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

| Masten Mission One  | Intended: November 2023  | Masten Space | XL-1  | Falcon 9
[97] | April 2020[98] | South Pole | Intended to deliver several hundreds of kilograms of payload to the lunar surface.[99][100] Masten Space filed for bankruptcy in July 2022,[30] with nearly all of their assets sold to Astrobotic Technology.[31]

## See also

* Astronomy:Commercial Orbital Transportation Services - Former NASA program
* Astronomy:Lunar CATALYST
* Astronomy:Lunar Gateway - Lunar orbital space station under development
* Astronomy:Lunar water - Presence of water on the Moon
* Company:NewSpace - A name for the emerging private spaceflight industry
* Commercial Resupply Services
* Coordinated Lunar Time

## References

1. ↑ Harwood, William (2019-05-31). "NASA moon landing: Space agency taps 3 companies for Artemis program moon missions – Astrobotic, Intuitive Machines, and Orbit Beyond" (in en-US). https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nasa-taps-three-companies-for-commercial-moon-missions/.
2. ↑ Foust, Jeff (31 May 2019). "NASA awards contracts to three companies to land payloads on the moon.". Space News. https://spacenews.com/nasa-awards-contracts-to-three-companies-to-land-payloads-on-the-moon/.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "NASA Expands Plans for Moon Exploration: More Missions, More Science". NASA. April 30, 2018. https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-expands-plans-for-moon-exploration-more-missions-more-science.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 "Draft Commercial Lunar Payload Services – CLPS solicitation". NASA. https://www.fbo.gov/index?s=opportunity&mode=form&id=46b23a8f2c06da6ac08e1d1d2ae97d35&tab=core&_cview=0.
5. ↑ https://payloadspace.com/clps-companies-excited-for-nasas-opportunity-bomb-lunar-plan/
6. ↑ Foust, Jeff (May 4, 2018). "NASA argues Resource Prospector no longer fit into agency's lunar exploration plans". Space News. http://spacenews.com/nasa-argues-resource-prospector-no-longer-fit-into-agencys-lunar-exploration-plans/.
7. ↑ Foust, Jeff (2018-04-28). "NASA emphasizes commercial lunar lander plans with Resource Prospector cancellation" (in en-US). https://spacenews.com/nasa-emphasizes-commercial-lunar-lander-plans-with-resource-prospector-cancellation/.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Clark, Stephen (June 1, 2018). "NASA cancels lunar rover, shifts focus to commercial moon landers" (in en-US). https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/05/01/nasa-cancels-lunar-rover-shifts-focus-to-commercial-moon-landers/.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Commercial Lunar Payload Services
Solicitation Number: 80HQTR18R0011R". NASA. https://www.fbo.gov/index.php?s=opportunity&mode=form&id=c75600797f4e70bbe095dc3a42659a95&tab=core&tabmode=list.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 "NASA Announces New Partnerships for Commercial Lunar Payload Delivery Services". NASA. November 29, 2018. https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-announces-new-partnerships-for-commercial-lunar-payload-delivery-services.
11. ↑ "NASA Calls for Instruments, Technologies for Delivery to the Moon". NASA. October 18, 2018. https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-calls-for-instruments-technologies-for-delivery-to-the-moon.
12. ↑ "Lunar Surface Instrument and Technology Payloads". NASA. https://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/solicitations/summary!init.do?solId={2D390C4D-39F9-E880-34C8-C07DC523698E}&path=open.
13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "NASA chooses three companies to send landers to the moon" (in en). https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2019/05/31/NASA-chooses-three-companies-to-send-landers-to-the-moon/8021559322020/.
14. ↑ Wall, Mike (2019-07-30). "Private Company Orbit Beyond Drops Out of 2020 NASA Moon-Landing Deal" (in en). https://www.space.com/nasa-drops-orbit-beyond-moon-landing-contract.html.
15. ↑ "x.com". https://twitter.com/SpcPlcyOnline/status/1743381586374967705.
16. ↑ Foust, Jeff (February 2024). "Final preparations underway for launch of first Intuitive Machines lunar lander". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/final-preparations-underway-for-launch-of-first-intuitive-machines-lunar-lander/.
17. ↑ Astrobotic Awarded US$5.6 Million NASA Contract to Deliver Autonomous Moon Rover Astrobotic July 1, 2019
18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Roston, Brittany (2019-07-01). "Astrobotic Gets $5.6m NASA Contract To Develop MoonRanger Rover" (in en-US). https://www.slashgear.com/astrobotic-gets-5-6m-nasa-contract-to-develop-moonranger-rover-01582409/.
19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Julia Mericle (July 2, 2019). Astrobotic awarded NASA funding to build autonomous rover Pittsburgh Business Times. .
20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Spice, Byron (July 3, 2019). "NASA Selects Carnegie Mellon, Astrobotic To Build Lunar Robot – News – Carnegie Mellon University" (in en). http://www.cmu.edu/news/stories/archives/2019/july/cmu-to-build-lunar-robot.html.
21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Grush, Loren (November 18, 2019). "NASA partners with SpaceX, Blue Origin, and more to send large payloads to the Moon 5 – The companies are aiming to land in the early 2020s". https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/18/20971307/nasa-clps-program-spacex-blue-origin-sierra-nevada-ceres-tyvak-viper-rover.
22. ↑ Foust, Jeff (April 8, 2020). "Masten wins NASA lunar lander award". Space News.. https://spacenews.com/masten-wins-nasa-lunar-lander-award/.
23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 "Astrobotic Awarded $199.5 Million Contract to Deliver NASA Moon Rover | Astrobotic". https://www.astrobotic.com/2020/6/11/astrobotic-awarded-199-5-million-contract-to-deliver-nasa-moon-rover.
24. ↑ "NASA Replans CLPS Delivery of VIPER to 2024 to Reduce Risk". NASA. 18 July 2022. https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-replans-clps-delivery-of-viper-to-2024-to-reduce-risk.
25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Brown, Katherine (October 16, 2020). "NASA Selects Intuitive Machines to Land Water-Measuring Payload on the Moon". https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-selects-intuitive-machines-to-land-water-measuring-payload-on-the-moon.
26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 "NASA Selects Firefly Aerospace for Artemis Commercial Moon Delivery in 2023". NASA. February 4, 2021. https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-selects-firefly-aerospace-for-artemis-commercial-moon-delivery-in-2023. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 "NASA Selects Intuitive Machines for New Lunar Science Delivery". NASA (Press release). November 17, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 "Draper wins NASA contract for farside lunar lander mission". July 22, 2022. https://spacenews.com/draper-wins-nasa-contract-for-farside-lunar-lander-mission/.
29. ↑ Foust, Jeff (29 September 2023). "Ispace revises design of lunar lander for NASA CLPS mission". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/ispace-revises-design-of-lunar-lander-for-nasa-clps-mission/.
30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 Foust, Jeff (29 July 2022). "Masten Space Systems files for bankruptcy". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/masten-space-systems-files-for-bankruptcy/.
31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 Foust, Jeff (11 September 2022). "Court approves sale of Masten assets to Astrobotic". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/court-approves-sale-of-masten-assets-to-astrobotic/.
32. ↑ Foust, Jeff (March 15, 2023). "Firefly wins second NASA CLPS mission". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/firefly-wins-second-nasa-clps-mission/.
33. ↑ Chang, Kenneth (2025-03-02). "Firefly's Blue Ghost Mission 1 Successfully Lands on the Moon" (in en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/01/science/blue-ghost-firefly-mission-1-moon-landing.html.
34. ↑ Why the Lunar South Pole? Adam Hugo. The Space Resource. 25 April 2029.
35. ↑ Lunar Resources: Unlocking the Space Frontier. Paul D. Spudis. Ad Astra, Volume 23 Number 2, Summer 2011. Published by the National Space Society. Retrieved on 16 July 2019.
36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 "NASA Expands Plans for Moon Exploration: More Missions, More Science". SpaceRef. 3 May 2018. http://spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=52539.
37. ↑ Werner, Debra (24 May 2018). "NASA to begin buying rides on commercial lunar landers by year's end"]. Space News. http://spacenews.com/nasa-to-buy-rides-on-commercial-landers-by-years-end/.
38. ↑ Report Series: Committee on Astrobiology and Planetary Science (2019). Review of the Commercial Aspects of NASA SMD's Lunar Science and Exploration. The National Academies Press. p. 15. doi:10.17226/25374. ISBN 978-0-309-48928-7. https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25374/report-series-committee-on-astrobiology-and-planetary-science-review-of. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
39. ↑ Draft Concepts for Commercial Lunar Landers . NASA, CLPS. Accessed on December 12, 2018.
40. ↑ "Commercial lunar lander company terminates NASA contract" (in en-US). 2019-07-30. https://spacenews.com/commercial-lunar-lander-company-terminates-nasa-contract/.
41. ↑ "NASA Awards Contract to Deliver Science, Tech to Moon". April 8, 2020. https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-awards-contract-to-deliver-science-tech-to-moon-ahead-of-human-missions/.
42. ↑ Foust, Jeff (April 8, 2020). "Masten wins NASA lunar lander award". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/masten-wins-nasa-lunar-lander-award/.
43. ↑ "Masten Space Systems Awarded $76M to Help NASA Deliver Lunar Sci-Tech Payloads". April 9, 2020. https://www.govconwire.com/2020/04/masten-space-systems-awarded-76m-to-help-nasa-deliver-lunar-sci-tech-payloads/.
44. ↑ "NASA selects Intuitive Machines for south pole lunar lander mission". August 29, 2024. https://spacenews.com/nasa-selects-intuitive-machines-for-south-pole-lunar-lander-mission/.
45. ↑ "NASA Selects Firefly for New Artemis Science, Tech Delivery to Moon" (in en-US). https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-selects-firefly-for-new-artemis-science-tech-delivery-to-moon/.
46. ↑ Foust, Jeff (July 9, 2019). "Firefly to partner with IAI on lunar lander". Space News. https://spacenews.com/firefly-to-partner-with-iai-on-lunar-lander.
47. ↑ Foust, Jeff (February 4, 2021). "Firefly wins NASA CLPS lunar lander contract". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/firefly-wins-nasa-clps-lunar-lander-contract/.
48. ↑ "Lunar Discovery and Exploration". NASA. https://science.nasa.gov/planetary-science/programs/lunar-discovery-exploration/.
49. ↑ "Lunar Instrument Development". NASA. December 23, 2022. https://science.nasa.gov/lunar-science/programs/lunar-instrument-development/.
50. ↑ "FY 2025 Budget Request". NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/nasa-fiscal-year-2025-budget-summary.pdf.
51. ↑ Derek Richardson (February 26, 2019). NASA selects experiments to fly aboard commercial lunar landers. Spaceflight Insider. .
52. ↑ Szondy, David (2019-02-22). "NASA picks 12 lunar experiments that could fly this year" (in en-US). https://newatlas.com/nasa-12-experiments-moon-selection/58594/.
53. ↑ Hautaluoma, Grey (July 1, 2019). "NASA Selects 12 New Lunar Science, Technology Investigations" (in en-US). NASA Headquarters, Press Release 19-053. https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-selects-12-new-lunar-science-technology-investigations/.
54. ↑ "THE HEIMDALL CAMERA SYSTEM: TURNING EYES ON THE MOON". 51st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. 2020. https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2020/pdf/1439.pdf.
55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 "SwRI-developed instrument delivered for lunar lander mission". March 21, 2023. https://www.swri.org/press-release/swri-developed-instrument-delivered-lunar-lander-mission.
56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 56.2 "NASA Selects New Science Investigations for Future Moon Deliveries". NASA (Press release). June 10, 2021. Archived from the original on June 15, 2021. Retrieved July 1, 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
57. ↑ "LUNAR COMPACT INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEM". September 2022. https://www.ball.com/getattachment/b3ebc93e-85e0-45bd-abfd-0f5e3a285f74/D3611-L-CIRiS-0922.pdf.
58. ↑ "NASA and JAXA to Send Planetary Society-supported Sample Technology…". https://www.planetary.org/articles/planetvac-clps-mmx-announcement.
59. ↑ "Lunar Vertex". https://space.jhuapl.edu/destinations/missions/lunar-vertex.
60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 60.2 "NASA Selects New Instruments for Priority Artemis Science on Moon" (Press release). Retrieved January 12, 2024. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:
61. ↑ "Lunar Vulkan Imaging and Spectroscopy Explorer". https://www.ucf.edu/research/lunarvise/.
62. ↑ McCrea, Aaron (8 January 2024). "Vulcan successfully launches Peregrine lunar lander on inaugural flight". NASASpaceFlight. https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/01/vulcan-launch-peregrine-inaugural-flight/.
63. ↑ Foust, Jeff (2 February 2023). "NASA changes landing site for Peregrine lunar lander". https://spacenews.com/nasa-changes-landing-site-for-peregrine-lunar-lander.
64. ↑ "NASA instruments set to on Peregrine commercial lunar lander". January 5, 2024. https://spacenews.com/nasa-instruments-set-to-fly-on-peregrine-commercial-lunar-lander/.
65. ↑ Berger, Eric (June 25, 2021). "Rocket Report: China to copy SpaceX's Super Heavy? Vulcan slips to 2022". Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/science/2021/06/rocket-report-china-to-copy-spacexs-super-heavy-vulcan-slips-to-2022/2/.
66. ↑ Wattles, Jackie; Fisher, Kristin (2024-01-08). "Peregrine mission abandons Moon landing attempt after suffering 'critical' fuel loss" (in en). https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/08/world/peregrine-lunar-lander-anomaly-astrobotic-nasa-scn/index.html.
67. ↑ Foust, Jeff (19 December 2023). "Intuitive Machines delays first lunar lander launch to February". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/intuitive-machines-delays-first-lunar-lander-launch-to-february/.
68. ↑ "NASA Redirects Intuitive Machines' First Mission to the Lunar South Pole Region". Intuitive Machines. February 6, 2023. https://www.intuitivemachines.com/post/nasa-redirects-intuitive-machines-first-mission-to-the-lunar-south-pole-region.
69. ↑ Riusech, Natalia (February 13, 2024). "Six NASA Instruments Will Fly to Moon on Intuitive Machines Lander". https://nasa.gov/missions/artemis/clps/six-nasa-instruments-will-fly-to-moon-on-intuitive-machines-lander.
70. ↑ Jones, Andrew (February 22, 2024). "Here's what just landed on the moon aboard Intuitive Machines' Odysseus lander". https://www.space.com/intuitive-machines-odysseus-moon-lander-payloads.
71. ↑ Dunn, Marcia (February 22, 2024). "Private lander makes first US moon landing in more than 50 years". https://apnews.com/article/moon-landing-private-company-intuitive-machines-9c896bfca61582773d381f4045fd35d7.
72. ↑ Chang, Kenneth (February 22, 2024). "A U.S.-Built Spacecraft Lands on the Moon for the First Time Since 1972". https://nytimes.com/2024/02/22/science/intuitive-machines-lander-history.html.
73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 Berger, Eric (2025-03-13). "Athena landed in a dark crater where the temperature was minus 280° F" (in en-US). https://arstechnica.com/space/2025/03/athena-landed-in-a-dark-crater-where-the-temperature-was-minus-280-f/.
74. ↑ "NASA Invites Media to Firefly Blue Ghost Mission 1 Launch to Moon – NASA" (in en-US). https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-invites-media-to-firefly-blue-ghost-mission-1-launch-to-moon/?utm_source=TWITTER&utm_medium=NASAArtemis&utm_campaign=NASASocial&linkId=667907586.
75. ↑ "Firefly Aerospace Shipped Blue Ghost for Environmental Testing Ahead of Mission to the Moon". August 26, 2024. https://fireflyspace.com/news/firefly-aerospace-shipped-blue-ghost-for-environmental-testing-ahead-of-mission-to-the-moon/.
76. ↑ "NASA Selects Firefly Aerospace for Artemis Commercial Moon Delivery in 2023". NASA (Press release). February 4, 2021. Archived from the original on February 4, 2021. Retrieved February 4, 2021.
77. ↑ "Lunar Lander". Firefly Aerospace. February 1, 2021. https://firefly.com/lunar-lander/.
78. ↑ David, Leonard (12 September 2024). "Ice-hunting Lunar Trailblazer and IM-2 nearly ready for January 2025 launch". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/ice-hunting-lunar-trailblazer-im2-nearly-ready-january-2025-launch/.
79. ↑ Doyle, Tiernan P. (March 7, 2025). "NASA Receives Some Data Before Intuitive Machines Ends Lunar Mission" (in en-US). https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-receives-some-data-before-intuitive-machines-ends-lunar-mission/.
80. ↑ "Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) JEFO for Task Order CT-3". https://sam.gov/opp/bc53a5b240d5469da1b23e8184f4d999/view.
81. ↑ Luinstra, Martijn (2025-01-26). "NASA's CLPS program accelerates as two landers head for the Moon" (in en-US). nasaspaceflight. https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2025/01/lunar-missions-roundup/.
82. ↑ "Investor Update". August 2025. https://investors.intuitivemachines.com/static-files/58109d78-9320-47ea-a59b-6b3a1171d453.
83. ↑ "NASA Selects Intuitive Machines to Deliver 4 Lunar Payloads in 2024". Intuitive Machines. 17 November 2021. https://www.intuitivemachines.com/post/nasa-selects-intuitive-machines-to-deliver-4-lunar-payloads-in-2024.
84. ↑ 84.0 84.1 "Amendment 68: New Opportunity in ROSES: E.11 Payloads and Research Investigations on the Surface of the Moon (PRISM)". NSPIRES. November 5, 2020. https://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/viewrepositorydocument/cmdocumentid=788867/solicitationId={03464E24-4AFA-781E-200C-956EE283CD8A}/viewSolicitationDocument=1/E.11 PRISM Amend 69.pdf.
85. ↑ Foust, Jeff [@jeff_foust] (March 10, 2025). "A chart at the #LPSC2025 NASA town hall lists an Aug 2025 launch date for Blue Origin's Blue Moon Mark 1 lunar lander, which carries an imaging payload for NASA's CLPS program.". https://twitter.com/jeff_foust/status/1899243362630205750.
86. ↑ Foust, Jeff (2025-02-05). "Astrolab to fly its FLIP lunar rover on Astrobotic's Griffin-1 lander" (in en-US). https://spacenews.com/astrolab-to-fly-its-flip-lunar-lander-on-astrobotics-griffin-1-lander/.
87. ↑ Foust, Jeff (2026-03-19). "NASA considering sharp increase in robotic lunar landings". https://spacenews.com/nasa-considering-sharp-increase-in-robotic-lunar-landings/.
88. ↑ "Blue Ghost Mission 2" (in en-US). https://fireflyspace.com/missions/blue-ghost-mission-2/.
89. ↑ Intuitive Machines Selects SpaceX to Launch its Fourth Lunar Lander Mission and Lunar Data Relay Satellites, https://investors.intuitivemachines.com/news-releases/news-release-details/intuitive-machines-selects-spacex-launch-its-fourth-lunar-lander, retrieved July 2, 2025
90. ↑ "Amendment 34: Payloads and Research Investigations on the Surface of the Moon (PRISM) final text and due dates". NSPIRES. September 2, 2021. https://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/viewrepositorydocument/cmdocumentid=820831/solicitationId={AD1DEAD1-7060-2C93-8CD1-780AF8FC9D54}/viewSolicitationDocument=1/F.10 PRISM_Amend34.pdf.
91. ↑ "NASA Selects Blue Origin to Deliver VIPER Rover to Moon's South Pole - NASA" (in en-US). https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-selects-blue-origin-to-deliver-viper-rover-to-moons-south-pole/.
92. ↑ "More NASA Science, Tech will Fly to Moon Aboard Future Firefly Flight - NASA". https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/more-nasa-science-tech-will-fly-to-moon-aboard-future-firefly-flight/.
93. ↑ "CP‑21 Science – NASA Science" (in en-US). December 18, 2024. https://science.nasa.gov/lunar-science/clps-deliveries/cp-21/.
94. ↑ "NASA Selects Firefly for New Artemis Science, Tech Delivery to Moon - NASA" (in en-US). https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-selects-firefly-for-new-artemis-science-tech-delivery-to-moon/.
95. ↑ Foust, Jeff (2026-03-27). "ispace redesigns lunar lander, introduces lunar communications service" (in en). https://spacenews.com/ispace-redesigns-lunar-lander-introduces-lunar-communications-service/.
96. ↑ "New NASA Artemis Instruments to Study Volcanic Terrain on the Moon". July 14, 2023. https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/new-nasa-artemis-instruments-to-study-volcanic-terrain-on-the-moon/.
97. ↑ SpaceX to Launch Masten Lunar Mission in 2022 . Meagan Crawford, Masten Press Release. August 26, 2020.
98. ↑ Foust, Jeff (April 8, 2020). "Masten wins NASA lunar lander award". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/masten-wins-nasa-lunar-lander-award/.
99. ↑ "XL-1". https://www.masten.aero/xl1.
100. ↑ "Masten Space Systems". https://www.masten.aero/.

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* Cislunar Explorers
* CU-E3
* CuSP
* EQUULEUS
* LunaH-Map
* Lunar Flashlight
* Lunar IceCube
* NEA Scout
* OMOTENASHI
* SkyFire
* Team Miles
* Artemis 2 (2022)
* Artemis 3 (2024)
* Artemis 4 (2025)
* Artemis 5 (2026)
* Artemis 6 (2027)
* Artemis 7 (2028)
* Artemis 8 (2028)

|

CLPS|

* CAPSTONE (December 2020)
* Nova-C (2021)
* Peregrine M1 (Jul 2021)
* VIPER (2022)

Luna-Glob|

* Luna 25 (2021)
* Luna 26 (2024)
* Luna 27 (2025)
* Luna 28 (2027)
* Luna 29 (2028)
* Luna 30 (2028)
* Luna 31 (2028)

CLEP|

* Chang'e 5 (mid-2020)
* Chang'e 6 (2023–2024)
* Chang'e 7 (2023)
* Chang'e 8 (2027)

Others|

* Moon Express Lunar Scout (Jul 2020)
* International Lunar Observatory
* MoonLIGHT
* ALINA (2021)
* CubeRover
* Uni
* Hakuto-R M1 (Oct 2021)
* MoonRanger (2022)
* SLIM (Jan 2022)
* KPLO (Jul 2022)
* DESTINY+ (2022)
* Hakuto-R M2 (Mar 2023)
* #dearMoon project (2023)

Proposed
missions|

| Robotic|

* Chandrayaan-3 (November 2020)
* Lunar Polar Exploration Mission (2024)
* Artemis-7
* Blue Moon
* BOLAS
* Garatéa-L
* ISOCHRON
* Lunar Pathfinder
* McCandless
* Moon Diver
* XL-1

|

Crewed|

* DSE-Alpha
* Lunar Gateway (Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander)
* Lunar Orbital Station

Cancelled /
concepts|

* Altair
* Baden-Württemberg 1
* European Lunar Explorer
* International Lunar Network
* LEO
* LK
* Lunar-A
* Lunar Lander
* Lunar Mission One
* Lunar Observer
* Lunokhod 3
* MoonLITE
* MoonRise
* Prospector
* Resource Prospector
* SELENE-2
* Ukrselena

See also|

* Colonization of the Moon
* Google Lunar X Prize
* List of lunar probes
* List of missions to the Moon
* List of artificial objects on the Moon
* Lunar resources
* Apollo 17 Moon mice
* Moon landing conspiracy theories
* Apollo 11 anniversaries
* List of crewed lunar lander designs

* Missions are ordered by launch date. Crewed missions are in italics.

* v
* t
* e

United States human spaceflight programs

Active|

| In flight|

* International Space Station
* Commercial Crew

|

Planned|

* Artemis
* Starship

Completed|

* X-15
* Mercury
* Gemini
* Apollo
* Apollo Applications
* Skylab
* Space Shuttle
* Shuttle-Mir

Proposed|

* Skylab II
* HAVOC

Canceled|

* Constellation
* Dyna-Soar
* HL-20 Personnel Launch System
* Man in Space Soonest
* Manned Orbiting Laboratory
* Nova
* Orbital Space Plane
* Orion (nuclear)
* NASP
* Freedom

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial Lunar Payload Services. Read more

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