Cosmopolis XXI

Short description: Russian concept launch vehicle

"Explorer (space plane)" redirects here. For the Johnson/KSC NASA full sized mock-up, see Space Shuttle Explorer. For the fictional orbiter Explorer in the 2013 film, see Gravity (2013 film). For the fictional orbiter Independence in the 1998 film, see Armageddon (1998 film).

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Cosmopolis XXI was a late 2000s Russian concept launch vehicle billed as a space tourism vehicle, similar to Mojave Aerospace's Tier One program. Designed and built by the Myasishchev Design Bureau, it would use the M-55X launch aircraft (derived from Myasishchev M-55), and the proposed C-21 spaceplane or its successor the Explorer. It would be a TSTSO (Two-Stage to SubOrbit) launch platform.

The Explorer spaceplane is a suborbital tourist spaceplane based on the C-21 design. The plane was being developed by Space Adventures with the Russian Federal Space Agency and was intended to carry 3 passengers. It is to be air-launched by carrier aircraft from a Space Adventures spaceport. Space Adventures abandoned the Explorer project in 2010 because "it got too expensive."[1] It is unclear if Russia continues its development.

## References

* Suborbital Rocketship Fleet to Carry Tourists Spaceward in Style. Space.com, 2006-02-22.

1. ↑ Space Adventures returns to suborbital spaceflight, NewSpace Journal, 2010-05-28. Retrieved 2010-05-28.

## External links

* Space Tourism Pioneers, Space Adventures and the Ansari X Prize Title Sponsors, to Provide First Suborbital Spaceflight Tourism Vehicles (SpaceAdventures)
* New group to develop passenger spaceship (MSNBC). Retrieved 2024-04-17.
* C-21 Spacecraft at Space Adventures

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Spaceplanes

Canada|

| Canceled|

* Wild Fire

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China|

| Canceled|

* Project 921-3

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In development|

* Shenlong

Europe|

| Canceled|

* Hermes
* Hopper

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Historical|

* IXV

In development|

* Airbus Defence and Space Spaceplane
* Space Rider

France|

| Canceled|

* ARES
* Astrobus

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Germany|

| Canceled|

* Daimler-Chrysler Aerospace RLV
* Sänger-Bredt RaBo
* MBB Raumtransporter-8
* MBB Sänger II
* MBB Deutsche Aerospace HORUS
* Falke
* Silbervogel

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In development|

* SpaceLiner

India|

| Canceled|

* AVATAR

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In development|

* RLV-TD
* Hypersonic Flight Experiment

Japan|

| Historical|

* HYFLEX/OREX/ALFLEX

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Canceled|

* Yamato
* HIMES
* HOPE-X

In development|

* WIRES

Romania|

| Canceled|

* Orizont

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Russia|

| Canceled|

* Explorer
* Kliper
* MAKS (Molniya)
* RAKS (Tu-444/2000)

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Soviet Union|

| Historical|

* Buran (programme)
* BOR-4
* BOR-5

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Canceled|

* Keldysh bomber
* Lapotok
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* Kosmolyot (LKS)
* Uragan
* Spiral

Switzerland|

| Cancelled|

* S3 SOAR

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United Kingdom|

| Canceled|

* Bristol Ascender, Spacebus, Spacecab
* HOTOL
* HOTOL-2
* MUSTARD

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In development|

* Skylon

United States|

| Active|

* Boeing X-37 (tech dem)

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Historical|

* North American X-15
* ASSET
* Martin X-23 PRIME
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* Space Shuttle (program, Shuttle–Mir Program)

Canceled|

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* NASA X-43
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* HL-42
* Rocketplane XP
* VentureStar
* Black Horse
* NASA X-38 (Spacewedge)
* XCOR Lynx
* Xerus
* Prometheus
* SpaceShipThree

In development|

* Dream Chaser
* SpaceShipTwo
* DARPA XS-1

Black projects|

* Blackstar
* TR-3A Black Manta
* TAW-50
* X-41 Common Aero Vehicle
* Aurora aircraft
* Military flying saucers

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmopolis XXI. Read more

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