Dark Matter Particle Explorer

Short description: Chinese science satellite

Dark Matter Particle Explorer
(DAMPE)Names| Wukong,[1] TanSuo[2]

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Mission type| High-energy Astronomy
Operator| CAS
COSPAR ID| 2015-078A[3]
SATCAT no.| 41173
Mission duration| 3 years (planned)[4]
Elapsed: 10 years, 4 months, 22 days
Spacecraft properties
Payload mass| 1,400 kg (3,100 lb)[4]
Power| 400 W [4]
Start of mission
Launch date| 17 December 2015 00:12 UTC
Rocket| Long March 2D, No. 2D-Y31[5]
Launch site| Jiuquan Launch Area 4, Launch Pad 603[4]
Contractor| SAST
Orbital parameters
Reference system| Sun-synchronous orbit
Periapsis altitude| 500 km (310 mi) [4]
Inclination| 97.4°
Main Gamma rays
Wavelengths| high energy gamma ray

The Dark Matter Particle Explorer, or DAMPE, also known as Wukong (Chinese: 悟空), is a Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) satellite which launched on 17 December 2015.[4] The satellite was launched on a Long March 2D rocket from Launch Pad 603 at the LC-43 complex, also known as the South Launch Site, at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.[4] It is China's first space observatory.

DAMPE is a space telescope used for the detection of high energy gamma rays, electrons and cosmic ray ions, to aid in the search for dark matter.[4][6] It was designed to look for the indirect decay signal of a hypothetical dark matter candidate called weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs).[7]

The project is the result of a collaboration among research institutions and universities in Italy, Switzerland and China under the leadership of the Purple Mountain Observatory (PMO) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).

## Contents

* 1 Objectives
* 2 Collaboration
* 3 Results
* 4 Naming
* 5 References

## Objectives

The scientific objectives of the mission are:[4]

* the search and study of dark matter particles by conducting high-resolution observations of high-energy electrons and gamma rays.
* the study of the origin of cosmic rays by observing high energy electrons and heavy nuclei in the TeV energy range.
* the study of the propagation and acceleration mechanisms of cosmic rays through the observation of high-energy gamma rays.

## Collaboration

The project is the result of a collaboration among research institutions and universities in Italy, Switzerland and China under the leadership of the Purple Mountain Observatory (PMO) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).[8] The DAMPE mission is funded by the strategic priority science and technology projects in space science of CAS.[9][10][11] The institutes that have been part of the collaboration are: IHEP (Institute of High Energy Physics), CAS (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Beijing, China; IMP (Institute of Modern Physics), CAS (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Lanzhou, China; NSSC (National Space Science Center), CAS (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Beijing, China; PMO (Purple Mountain Observatory), CAS (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Nanjing, China; USTC (University of Science and Technology of China), Hefei, China; INFN (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) and University of Perugia, Italy; INFN (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) and University of Bari, Italy; INFN (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) and University of Lecce, Italy; INFN (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) and Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), L'Aquila, Italy; DPNC (Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire), University of Geneva, Switzerland.

## Results

The first scientific result of DAMPE came in November 2017 as the direct detection of a break in the cosmic electron plus positron energy spectrum at an energy of 0.9 TeV. [12] [13]

In October 2019, DAMPE released its measurement of the proton component of cosmic rays, confirming previous results while also hinting towards new features in the energy spectrum.[14]

## Naming

The space observatory is nicknamed Wukong (Chinese: 悟空) after the Monkey King, who is the hero in the classic Chinese tale Journey to the West. Literally, "wu"(悟) means comprehension or understanding and "kong"（空）means void, so this name could also be understood as "understanding the void", relating to the undiscovered nature of dark matter.[1]

The English name, DAMPE, was a backronym, which was named after a non-player character (NPC) in The Legend of Zelda, Dampé (ダンペイ).[15] In the game, the player needs Dampé to find the treasure, which matches with the mission of DAMPE (not finding dark matter, but finding the evidence that dark matter exists).

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "China's new Monkey King set for journey into space". Xinhua. 16 December 2015. http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-12/16/c_134924136.htm.
2. ↑ Li, Ye; Yuan, Qiang (29 August 2012). "Testing the 130 GeV gamma-ray line with high energy resolution detectors". Physics Letters B 715 (1–3): 35–37. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2012.07.057. Bibcode: 2012PhLB..715...35L.
3. ↑ "DAMPE (Wukong)". Gunter's Space Page. http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/dampe.htm.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 Barbosa, Rui C. (16 December 2015). "Chinese Long March 2D lofts DAMPE – A Dark Matter Investigator". NASA Spaceflight. https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/12/chinese-long-march-2d-lofts-dampe-a-dark-matter-investigator/.
5. ↑ "CZ-2D (2) (Chang Zheng-2D (2))". Gunter's Space Page. http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/cz-2d-2.htm.
6. ↑ Nowakowski, Tomasz (2 June 2015). "China to launch its first dark matter probe by the end of 2015". Spaceflight Insider. http://www.spaceflightinsider.com/missions/space-observatories/china-to-launch-its-first-dark-matter-probe-by-the-end-of-2015/.
7. ↑ Normile, Dennis (29 November 2017). "China's dark matter space probe detects tantalizing signal". Science. https://www.science.org/content/article/china-s-dark-matter-space-probe-detects-tantalizing-signal.
8. ↑ "DArk Matter Particle Explorer". Department of Nuclear and Corpuscular Physics, University of Geneva. http://dpnc.unige.ch/dampe/collaboration.html.
9. ↑ "First finding of China's DAMPE may shed light on dark matter research". Phys.org. 30 November 2017. https://phys.org/news/2017-11-china-dampe-dark.html.
10. ↑ Dickinson, David (18 December 2015). "China Launches Dark Matter Probe". Sky & Telescope. http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/china-launches-dark-matter-probe-1218201543/.
11. ↑ Shen, Zhongtao; Feng, Changqing; Gao, Shanshan; Zhang, Deliang; Jiang, Di; Liu, Shubin; An, Qi (2015). "Study on FPGA SEU Mitigation for the Readout Electronics of DAMPE BGO Calorimeter in Space". IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 62 (3): 1010. doi:10.1109/TNS.2015.2427293. Bibcode: 2015ITNS...62.1010S.
12. ↑ Ambrosi, G.; An, Q.; Asfandiyarov, R.; Azzarello, P.; Bernardini, P.; Bertucci, B.; Cai, M. S.; Chang, J. et al. (2017). "Direct detection of a break in the teraelectronvolt cosmic-ray spectrum of electrons and positrons". Nature 552 (7683): 63–66. doi:10.1038/nature24475. PMID 29186110. Bibcode: 2017Natur.552...63D.
13. ↑ "First finding of China's DAMPE may shed light on dark matter research". https://phys.org/news/2017-11-china-dampe-dark.html.
14. ↑ An, Q.; Asfandiyarov, R.; Azzarello, P.; Bernardini, P.; Bi, X. J.; Cai, M. S.; Chang, J.; Chen, D. Y. et al. (2019). "Measurement of the cosmic-ray proton spectrum from 40 GeV to 100 TeV with the DAMPE satellite". Science Advances 5 (9): eaax3793. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aax3793. PMID 31799401. Bibcode: 2019SciA....5.3793A.
15. ↑ "悟空卫星英文名DAMPE竟源自《塞尔达传说》". http://m.265g.com/pc/news/1712/18792.html.

* v
* t
* e

Dark matter

Forms of dark matter|

* Baryonic dark matter
* Cold dark matter
* Hot dark matter
* Light dark matter
* Mixed dark matter
* Warm dark matter
* Self-interacting dark matter
* Scalar field dark matter
* Primordial black holes

Hypothetical particles|

* Axino
* Axion
* Dark photon
* Holeum
* LSP
* Minicharged particle
* Neutralino
* Sterile neutrino
* SIMP
* WIMP

Theories and objects|

* Cuspy halo problem
* Dark fluid
* Dark galaxy
* Dark globular cluster
* Dark matter halo
* Dark radiation
* Dark star
* Dwarf galaxy problem
* Halo mass function
* Mass dimension one fermions
* Massive compact halo object
* Mirror matter
* Navarro–Frenk–White profile
* Scalar field dark matter

Search experiments|

| Direct detection|

* ADMX
* ANAIS
* ArDM
* CDEX
* CDMS
* CLEAN
* CoGeNT
* COSINE
* COUPP
* CRESST
* CUORE
* D3
* DAMA/LIBRA
* DAMA/NaI
* DAMIC
* DarkSide
* DARWIN
* DEAP
* DM-Ice
* DMTPC
* DRIFT
* EDELWEISS
* EURECA
* KIMS
* LUX
* LZ
* MACRO
* MIMAC
* NAIAD
* NEWAGE
* NEWS-G
* PandaX
* PICASSO
* PICO
* ROSEBUD
* SABRE
* SIMPLE
* TREX-DM
* UKDMC
* WARP
* XENON
* XMASS
* ZEPLIN

|

Indirect detection|

* AMS-02
* ANTARES
* ATIC
* CALET
* CAST
* DAMPE
* Fermi
* HAWC
* HESS
* IceCube
* MAGIC
* MOA
* OGLE
* PAMELA
* VERITAS

Other projects|

* MultiDark
* PVLAS

Potential dark galaxies|

* HE0450-2958
* HVC 127-41-330
* Smith's Cloud
* VIRGOHI21

Related|

* Antimatter
* Dark energy
* Exotic matter
* Galaxy formation and evolution
* Illustris project
* Imaginary mass
* Negative mass
* UniverseMachine

* v
* t
* e

Space observatories

Operating|

* AGILE (since 2007)
* AMS-02 (since 2011)
* Aoi (since 2018)
* ASTERIA (since 2017)
* Astrosat (since 2015)
* BRITE constellation (since 2013)
* CALET (since 2015)
* Chandra (AXAF) (since 1999)
* DAMPE (since 2015)
* Fermi (since 2008)
* Gaia (since 2013)
* HXMT (Insight) (since 2017)
* Hinode (Solar-B) (since 2006)
* HiRISE (since 2005)
* Hisaki (SPRINT-A) (since 2013)
* Hubble (since 1990)
* INTEGRAL (since 2002)
* IBEX (since 2008)
* IRIS (since 2013)
* ISS-CREAM (since 2017)
* MAXI (since 2009)
* Mikhailo Lomonosov (since 2016)
* Mini-EUSO (since 2019)
* NCLE (since 2018)
* NEOSSat (since 2013)
* NICER (since 2017)
* NuSTAR (since 2012)
* Odin (since 2001)
* SDO (since 2010)
* SOHO (since 1995)
* SOLAR (since 2008)
* Spektr-RG (since 2019)
* Spitzer (since 2003)
* STEREO (since 2006)
* Swift (since 2004)
* TESS (since 2018)
* WISE (since 2009)
* XMM-Newton (since 1999)

Planned|

* CHEOPS (2019)
* iWF-MAXI (2019)
* Astro-1 Telescope (2020)
* ILO-1 (2020)
* LUCI (2020)
* Nano-JASMINE (2020)
* ORBIS (2020)
* Solar Orbiter (SolO) (2020)
* IXPE (2021)
* James Webb (JWST) (2021)
* LORD (2021)
* SVOM (2021)
* XPoSat (2021)
* Euclid (2022)
* Space Solar Telescope (2022)
* XRISM (2022)
* Xuntian (2022)
* K-EUSO (2023)
* Solar-C (2023)
* SPHEREx (2023)
* Small-JASMINE (2024)
* Near-Earth Object Surveillance Mission (2025+)
* Spektr-UV (2025)
* WFIRST (2025+)
* PLATO (2026)
* LiteBIRD (2027)
* ARIEL (2028)
* Spektr-M (2030+)
* ATHENA (2031)
* LISA (2034)

Proposed|

* Arcus
* AstroSat-2
* EXCEDE
* Fresnel Imager
* FOCAL
* HabEx
* Hibari
* Hypertelescope
* JEM-EUSO
* LUVOIR
* ATLAST
* HDST
* Lynx
* Nautilus Deep Space Observatory
* New Worlds Mission
* NRO donation to NASA
* OST
* PhoENiX
* Solar-D
* SPICA
* THEIA
* THESEUS

Retired|

* Akari (Astro-F) (2006–2011)
* ALEXIS (1993–2005)
* Alouette 1 (1962–1972)
* Ariel 1 (1962, 1964)
* Ariel 2 (1964)
* Ariel 3 (1967–1969)
* Ariel 4 (1971–1972)
* Ariel 5 (1974–1980)
* Ariel 6 (1979–1982)
* ATM (1973–1974)
* ASCA (Astro-D) (1993–2000)
* Astro-1 (1990)
* BBXRT
* HUT
* Astro-2 (HUT) (1995)
* Astron (1983–1989)
* ANS (1974–1976)
* BeppoSAX (1996–2003)
* CHIPSat (2003–2008)
* Compton (CGRO) (1991–2000)
* CoRoT (2006–2013)
* Cos-B (1975–1982)
* COBE (1989–1993)
* DXS (1993)
* EPOCh (2008)
* EPOXI (2010)
* Explorer 11 (1961)
* EXOSAT (1983–1986)
* EUVE (1992–2001)
* FUSE (1999–2007)
* Kvant-1 (1987–2001)
* GALEX (2003–2013)
* Gamma (1990–1992)
* Ginga (Astro-C) (1987–1991)
* Granat (1989–1998)
* Hakucho (CORSA-b) (1979–1985)
* HALCA (MUSES-B) (1997–2005)
* HEAO-1 (1977–1979)
* Herschel (2009–2013)
* Hinotori (Astro-A) (1981–1991)
* HEAO-2 (Einstein Obs.) (1978–1982)
* HEAO-3 (1979–1981)
* HETE-2 (2000–2008)
* Hipparcos (1989–1993)
* IUE (1978–1996)
* IRAS (1983)
* IRTS (1995–1996)
* ISO (1996–1998)
* IXAE (1996–2004)
* Kepler (2009–2018)
* Kristall (1990–2001)
* LEGRI (1997–2002)
* LISA Pathfinder (2015–2017)
* MOST (2003–2019)
* MSX (1996–1997)
* OAO-2 (1968–1973)
* OAO-3 (Copernicus) (1972–1981)
* Orbiting Solar Observatory
* OSO 1
* OSO 2/OSO B
* OSO 3
* OSO 4
* OSO 5
* OSO 6
* OSO 7
* OSO 8
* Orion 1 (1971)
* Orion 2 (1973)
* PAMELA (2006–2016)
* PicSat (2018)
* Planck (2009–2013)
* RELIKT-1 (1983–1984)
* R/HESSI (2002–2018)
* ROSAT (1990–1999)
* RXTE (1995–2012)
* SAMPEX (1992–2004)
* SAS-B (1972–1973)
* SAS-C (1975–1979)
* Solwind (1979–1985)
* Spektr-R (2011–2019)
* Suzaku (Astro-EII) (2005–2015)
* Taiyo (SRATS) (1975–1980)
* Tenma (Astro-B) (1983–1985)
* Uhuru (1970–1973)
* Vanguard 3 (1959)
* WMAP (2001–2010)
* Yokoh (Solar-A) (1991–2001)

Hibernating
(Mission completed)|

* SWAS (1998–2005)
* TRACE (1998–2010)

Lost|

* OAO-1 (1966)
* OAO-B (1970)
* CORSA (1976)
* OSO C (1965)
* ABRIXAS (1999)
* HETE-1 (1996)
* WIRE (1999)
* Astro-E (2000)
* Tsubame (2014–2015)
* Hitomi (Astro-H) (2016)

Cancelled|

* AOSO
* Astro-G
* Constellation-X
* Darwin
* Destiny
* EChO
* Eddington
* FAME
* FINESSE
* GEMS
* HOP
* IXO
* JDEM
* LOFT
* OSO J
* OSO K
* Sentinel
* SIM & SIMlite
* SNAP
* SPOrt
* TAUVEX
* TPF
* XEUS
* XIPE

See also|

* Great Observatories program
* List of space telescopes
* List of proposed space observatories
* List of X-ray space telescopes

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Chinese space program

* China National Space Administration (CNSA)

| Spaceports and landing sites|

* Jiuquan
* Taiyuan
* Wenchang
* Xichang
* Siziwang Banner (landing site)

|

Launch vehicles|

* Long March 2
* Long March 3
* Long March 4
* Long March 5
* Long March 6
* Long March 7
* Long March 11
* Kuaizhou
* Kaituozhe

Exploration programs|

* Shuguang (cancelled)
* Shenzhou (human spaceflight)
* Chang'e (lunar exploration)
* Tiangong (space station)

Projects and missions

Science|

| Planetary science|

* Chang'e 1 (2007–09)
* Chang'e 2 (2010–present)
* Yinghuo 1† (2011)
* Chang'e 3 (2013–present)
* Chang'e 5-T1 (2014–present)
* Yutu (2013–2016)
* Chang'e 4 (2018-present)
* Yutu-2 (2018-present)
* Chang'e 5 (2020)
* Mars Global Remote Sensing Orbiter and Small Rover (2020)
* ZhengHe (2024)

|

Astronomy and
cosmology

* DAMPE (2015–present)
* HXMT (2017–present)
* GECAM (2020)
* SVOM (2021)
* EP (2021)
* ASO-S (2022)
* Xuntian (2022)
* Space Solar Telescope

Earth observation|

* CSES (2018–present)
* Double Star (2003–07)
* Gaofen (2013–present)
* HY
* TanSat (2016–present)
* Yaogan (2006–present)
* Ziyuan (CBERS) (1999–present)
* SMILE (2023)

Human spaceflight|

| Crewed expeditions|

* List of Chinese astronauts
* Shenzhou 5
* Shenzhou 6
* Shenzhou 7
* Shenzhou 9
* Shenzhou 10
* Shenzhou 11

|

Space laboratories and cargos|

* Tiangong 1 (2011–18)
* Tiangong 2 (2016–19)
* Tianzhou 1 (2017)

Chinese space station|

* Tianhe (2021)
* Wentian (2021)
* Mengtian (2022)

Navigation|

* BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS)

Telecommunications|

* Tianlian I (2008–present)
* ChinaSat 9 (2009–present)
* Apstar 6C (2018–present)
* Tianlian 2 (2019–present)

Technology
demonstrators

* FSW Program (1969–2006)
* QUESS (2016–present)
* XPNAV 1 (2016–present)

* Future missions marked in italics, failed missions marked with † sign

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