Graphical timeline of the Big Bang

Short description: Logarithmic chronology of the event that began the Universe

Main page: Astronomy:Chronology of the universe
Part of a series on

Physical cosmology

* Big Bang · Universe
* Age of the universe
* Chronology of the universe

Early universe

* Planck epoch
* Grand unification epoch
* Electroweak epoch
* Quark epoch
* Hadron epoch
* Lepton epoch
* Photon epoch
* Big Bang nucleosynthesis
* Inflation
* Dark Ages

Backgrounds

* Cosmic background radiation (CBR)
* Gravitational wave background (GWB)
* Cosmic microwave background (CMB) · Cosmic neutrino background (CNB)
* Cosmic infrared background (INB)

Expansion · Future

* Hubble's law · Redshift
* Expansion of the universe
* Accelerating expansion of the universe
* Comoving and proper distances
* FLRW metric · Friedmann equations
* Inhomogeneous cosmology
* Future of an expanding universe
* Ultimate fate of the universe
* Heat death of the universe
* Big Rip
* Big Crunch
* Big Bounce

Components · Structure

|  Components

* Lambda-CDM model
* Baryonic matter
* Energy
* Radiation
* Dark energy
* Quintessence
* Phantom energy
* Dark matter
* Cold dark matter
* Warm dark matter
* Hot dark matter
* Dark radiation

Structure

* Shape of the universe
* Reionization · Structure formation
* Galaxy formation
* Large-scale structure
* Large quasar group
* Galaxy filament
* Supercluster
* Galaxy cluster
* Galaxy group
* Local Group
* Galaxy
* Dark matter halo
* Star cluster
* Solar system
* Planetary system
* Void

Experiments

* BOOMERanG
* Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE)
* Dark Energy Survey
* Euclid
* Illustris project
* Large Synoptic Survey Telescope
* Planck space observatory
* Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)
* 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey ("2dF")
* UniverseMachine
* Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy
Probe (WMAP)

* Scientists

* Aaronson
* Alfvén
* Alpher
* Bharadwaj
* Copernicus
* de Sitter
* Dicke
* Eddington
* Ehlers
* Einstein
* Ellis
* Friedman
* Galileo
* Gamow
* Guth
* Hubble
* Lemaître
* Linde
* Mather
* Newton
* Penzias
* Rubin
* Schmidt
* Schwarzschild
* Smoot
* Starobinsky
* Steinhardt
* Suntzeff
* Sunyaev
* Tolman
* Wilson
* Zeldovich

Subject history

* Discovery of cosmic microwave
background radiation

* History of the Big Bang theory
* Religious interpretations of
the Big Bang theory

* Timeline of cosmological theories

* Category

* v
* t
* e

This timeline of the Big Bang shows a sequence of events as currently theorized by scientists.

It is a logarithmic scale that shows [math]\displaystyle{ 10 \cdot \log_{10} }[/math] second instead of second. For example, one microsecond is [math]\displaystyle{ 10 \cdot \log_{10} 0.000 001 = 10 \cdot (-6) = -60 }[/math]. To convert −30 read on the scale to second calculate [math]\displaystyle{ 10^{-\frac{30}{10}} = 10^{-3} = 0.001 }[/math] second = one millisecond. On a logarithmic time scale a step lasts ten times longer than the previous step.

<timeline> ImageSize = width:720 height:1000 PlotArea = left:40 right:256 bottom:75 top:75

Colors =

id:period1  value:rgb(1,1,0.7) # light yellow
id:period2  value:rgb(0.7,0.7,1) # light blue
id:events   value:rgb(1,0.7,1) # light purple
id:era1     Value:yellowgreen
id:era2     value:lightorange
id:time1    Value:coral
id:time2    Value:lavender

DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:-430 till:155 TimeAxis = format:yyyy orientation:vertical # order:reverse does not work ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:-430 # second ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:2 start:-430

AlignBars = justify

BarData =

bar:Clock
bar:Era
bar:Dummy3
bar:Periods
bar:Dummy4
bar:Events

TextData =

fontsize:M
pos:(240,75)
text:Planck epoch
pos:(250,50)
text:Big Bang
pos:(20,50)
text:"0: Linear time"
pos:(10,980)
text:"Logarithmic time:"
text:"10 · log10 second"
pos:(154,946)
text:"NEXT"
pos:(117,931)
text:The Stelliferous Era
pos:(245,950)
text:"Reionization"

LineData =

layer:front
at:123  frompos:358 tillpos:369   width:0.5  # Matter domination
points:(369,878)(402,800)  width:0.5
points:(402,800)(413,800)  width:0.5

PlotData=

textcolor:black  fontsize:M

width:53
bar:Clock  color:events  align:right  shift:(28,3)  mark:(line,teal)
at:-120 text:"One picosecond"
at:-90  text:"One nanosecond"
at:-60  text:"One microsecond"
at:-30  text:"One millisecond"
at:0    text:"One second"
at:36   text:"One hour"
at:75   text:"One year"
at:105  text:"One thousand years"  shift:(43,3)
at:135  text:"One million years"

width:53
bar:Era  mark:(line,white)  align:center  shift:(0,0)
from:-430  till:135  color:era1  text:"The Primordial Era"

width:53
bar:Dummy3

width:158
bar:Periods  align:center  shift:(0,0)  mark:(line,white)
from:-430 till:-360 color:period1  text:Grand unification epoch
from:-360 till:-120 color:period2  text:Electroweak epoch
from:-120 till:-60  color:period1  text:Quark epoch
from:-60  till:0 shift:(-40,0) align:left  color:period2  text:Hadron epoch
from: 0   till:23   color:period1  text:Lepton epoch
from: 23   till:131  color:period2  text:Photon epoch
from:131  till:155  color:period1  text:"Dark Ages"

width:53
bar:Dummy4

width:53
mark:(line,purple)  textcolor:black  fontsize:M
bar:Events  color:events  align:left  shift:(30,-4)

at:-430 shift:(30,-12) text:"Planck time, the smallest theoretically observable ~unit of time and the time before which science is ~unable to describe the universe. At this point, the ~force of gravity separated from the electronuclear ~force."
at:-360           text:"Separation of the strong force from the ~electroweak force."
from:-360 till:-320 align:left shift:(-55,0) color:time1  text:"Inflationary epoch. Universe expands exponentially,  Higgs Field"
at:-320  shift:(30,4) text:"Reheating after inflation populates universe ~with quarks and anti-quarks."
at:-120           text:"The weak force separates from the ~electromagnetic force resulting in the four ~separate forces we know today."
at:-60            text:"Quarks become confined within hadrons."
at:-30            mark:(line,white) text:"Formation of hydrogen nuclei."
at:0              text:"Neutrinos cease to interact with other particles."
at:23 shift:(30,-11)   text:"Lepton/anti-lepton pairs annihilate."
from:23  till:31  align:center shift:(0,-4) color:time2  text:"Big Bang nucleosynthesis"
at:31 shift:(30,2)  text:"3 to 20 minutes: Formation of helium nuclei"
from:129 till:131  shift:(-114,-2) color:time1 mark:(line,white) text:"Recombination"

1. at:123 shift:(30,-32) text:"70,000 years: Matter domination"

at:123  mark:(line,white)  shift:(30,-83)  text:"70,000 years: Matter domination"
at:131  text:"379,000 years: Hydrogen and helium nuclei ~capture electrons to form stable atoms. Photons ~are no longer able to interact strongly with atoms. ~Cosmic microwave background radiation streams ~freely."
at:140  text:"10-17 million years: Habitable epoch begins"
at:155  text:"100 million years: First star begins to shine."

</timeline>

## See also

* Graphical timeline from Big Bang to Heat Death
* Graphical timeline of the Stelliferous Era
* Graphical timeline of the universe
* Cosmic Calendar (age of the universe scaled to a single year)
* Detailed logarithmic timeline

## References

* "Timeline of the Big Bang - The Big Bang and the Big Crunch - The Physics of the Universe". https://www.physicsoftheuniverse.com/topics_bigbang_timeline.html.

* v
* t
* e

Timeline of the Big Bang

Chronology of the universe|

* Big Bang
* Planck epoch
* Grand unification epoch
* Electroweak epoch (Inflationary epoch, Reheating, Baryogenesis)
* Quark epoch
* Hadron epoch
* Lepton epoch
* Photon epoch (Big Bang nucleosynthesis, Matter domination, Recombination)
* Dark ages
* Habitable epoch
* Reionization

Fate of the universe|

* Big Crunch
* Big Rip
* Heat death of the universe

* Graphical timeline of the Big Bang

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